Why We Assign Social Security Numbers at Birth

Social Security numbers are now a necessity, even for young children.

Why We Sign Up for Social Security at Birth

Jacob and Isabella were the most popular names given to newborn boys and girls in the United States in 2010, according to Social Security card application data released yesterday. Each name made up just over 1 percent of all births reported to the Social Security Administration last year.

[See Social Security Ends Paper Checks .]

Names tend to top the list for several years before they are displaced by a newly trendy name. In the 1990s Michael and Jessica dominated the list. And James and Mary were the most common names in the 1950s. A change in when Social Security numbers are generally assigned has allowed this information to be collected faster, which makes these annual popular names lists possible.

We now apply for Social Security numbers for our children shortly after they are born. Registering for a Social Security number for a newborn, while voluntary and free, is often necessary if you want to claim your child as a dependent on your income tax return, open a bank account or buy savings bonds in their name, obtain medical coverage, or apply for government services for your child. But this wasn’t always the case.

[See 10 Ways to Boost Your Social Security Checks .]

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required that every dependent age five or older listed on a tax return have their own Social Security number, which led to a spike in demand for Social Security numbers for children at earlier ages. The Social Security Administration developed an enumeration-at-birth process in 1987, which quickly became the way the majority of people apply for Social Security numbers. Now parents indicate on the birth certificate form whether they want a Social Security number assigned to their newborn child. When the state vital statistics office receives the request with the birth registration data from the hospital, it forwards the information to the Social Security Administration and a number and card are issued for the child.

You don’t have to apply for a Social Security number for your child at the hospital, but it’s generally easier if you do. If you wait and apply later at a Social Security office, you must provide proof of your child’s U.S. citizenship and age, such as a birth certificate, and wait for Social Security to verify the record with the office that issued it, which could take up to 12 weeks. Children age 12 or older must appear in person for a mandatory interview at a Social Security office in order to have a number assigned to them.

[See Social Security Launches Star Trek Commercial .]

Parents who applied for a Social Security card at the hospital between Jan. 1 and March 31, 2011 received it within an average 3 weeks, but the wait time varied significantly by state. New parents in Kansas, Minnesota, South Carolina, and Texas typically had their child’s Social Security card within a week, while Louisiana parents had an average wait time of 9 weeks, the longest of any state.

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How Social Security Numbers are Assigned

Learn how Social Security Numbers are assigned

How Are Social Security Numbers Assigned?

This article aims to help you understand how Social Security Numbers are assigned. In 2011, the Social Security Administration (SSA) changed how they assign Social Security Numbers (SSNs). The new method uses a process called “randomization” to assign SSNs.

The Administration developed a new method to help protect the SSN’s integrity and extend the nine-digit SSN’s longevity (instead of adding additional digits).

SSN Randomization changes the assignment process in several ways. First, it eliminates the geographical importance of the first three digits. Also, the new randomization process eliminates the significance of the highest group number.

As a result, the High Group List is frozen in time and can only be used to see the area and group numbers SSA issued before the randomization implementation date.

Overview of Social Security Numbers

A Social Security number is issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary workers in the United States. The number is issued to an individual by the SSA, an agency of the federal government .

Its primary purpose is to track working individuals for taxation purposes and Social Security benefits. Since it was initially introduced, the SSN has become the primary national identification number, even though it was not originally intended to be used as a form of identification.

Since 1972, numbers have been issued by the central office. The first three (3) digits of a person’s social security number are determined by the ZIP Code of the mailing address shown on the application for a social security number.

Previously, before 1972, social security numbers were assigned by SSA field offices. The number merely established that his/her card was issued by one of the SSA offices in that State.

Randomization

In 2011, the SSA changed the assignment process to a process known as SSN randomization. This process eliminates the geographical significance of the number’s first three digits. Below is an explanation of how the numbers were assigned under the old system that was in effect before 2011 .

Social Security Number – Area Group Serial

The Social Security number consists of nine (9) digits, usually written in the format – 1 2 3 – 4 5 – 6 7 8 9. The first three digits of a social security number denote the area (or State) where the original Social Security number application was filed.

Each area’s group number (middle two (2) digits) ranges from 01 to 99 but is not assigned in consecutive order. For administrative reasons, group numbers issued first consist of the ODD numbers from 01 through 09 and then EVEN numbers from 10 through 98, within each area number allocated to a State.

After all numbers in group 98 of a particular area have been issued, the EVEN Groups 02 through 08 are used, followed by ODD Groups 11 through 99.

Within each group, the serial numbers (last four (4) digits) run consecutively from 0001 through 9999.

The chart below shows how Group numbers are assigned:

  • ODD – 01, 03, 05, 07, 09——EVEN – 10 to 98
  • EVEN – 02, 04, 06, 08——ODD – 11 to 99

List of Social Security Number Prefixes for Each State

Following is a list of social security number prefixes for each state. The listing is organized in ascending order based on the SSN prefix, with the corresponding issuing state listed. Remember, these apply only to numbers issued before 2011 under the old system.

SSN Prefix = Issuing State

001-003 = New Hampshire 004-007 = Maine 008-009 = Vermont 010-034 = Massachusetts 035-039 = Rhode Island 040-049 = Connecticut 050-134 = New York 135-158 = New Jersey 159-211 = Pennsylvania 212-220 = Maryland 211-222 = Delaware 223-231 = Virginia 232 = North Carolina 232 = West Virginia 233-236 = West Virginia 237-246 = North Carolina 247-251 = South Carolina 252-260 = Georgia 261-267 = Florida (Also 589-595) 268-302 = Ohio 303-317 = Indiana 318-361 = Illinois 362-386 = Michigan 387-399 = Wisconsin 400-407 = Kentucky 408-415 = Tennessee 416-424 = Alabama 425-428 = Mississippi 429-432 = Arkansas 433-439 = Louisiana 440-448 =Oklahoma 449-467 = Texas 468-477 = Minnesota

478 – 485 = Iowa 486 – 500 = Missouri 501 – 502 = North Dakota 503 – 504 = South Dakota 505 – 508 = Nebraska 509 – 515 = Kansas 516 – 517 = Montana 518 – 519 = Idaho 520 = Wyoming 521 – 524 = Colorado 525 = New Mexico 526 = Arizona 526 = New Mexico 527 = Arizona 528 – 529 = Utah 530 = Nevada 531 – 539 = Washington 540 – 544 = Oregon 545-573 = California 574 = Alaska 575-576 = Hawaii 577-579 = District of Columbia 580 = Virgin Islands 580-584 = Puerto Rico 585 = New Mexico 586 = Guam & American Samoa 586 = All Other Pacific Territories 587-588 = Mississippi 589-595 = Florida (also 261-267) 600-601 = Arizona (designated) 602-626 = California (designated) 700-728 = Railroad Retirement 729-999 = Not used until randomization was introduced.

Note: The number 666 has never been used and will not be used in the future.

Please post a comment below if you are aware of any new number ranges.

SSN Requirements

No law directly requires a natural-born United States citizen to apply for a Social Security number to live or work in the United States. However, some people still live without a number because they view it as a voluntary government program. Those who don’t get a number find it difficult to engage in ordinary acts of commerce or banking activities because they can’t provide an SSN.

Additional Resources

If you want to learn more about the process, visit the  Social Security Administration website. On the website, you can:

  • Get more information on how numbers are assigned and the randomization process
  • Find the offices near you and get directions using the office locator. Just enter your zip code.
  • Learn how to get cards and how to request replacement cards

Questions and Comments

If you have any questions, please post a comment below.

38 COMMENTS

What does a Social Security beginning with 200-75-XXXX indicate? I really didn’t understand the middle number, but I believe the first 3 numbers indicate under the old system that the number was applied for in PA.

I didn’t know the numbers were randomized rather than regionalized which makes a lot of sense. I’m a 370 from Michigan. Odd question… why is the prefix 666 unavailable? It’s just a number. I understand it’s Christian significance but it is only a series of digits and this is not a “Christian” domain. I am actually, but my faith is mine not someone else’s concern. The relevance of that number is from The New Testament (St. John’s Revelation)… and that is not fully explained or understood.

i need my grandfathers ssn because he has passed recently and ppl are still calling to collect nothing but they dont believe me they want his number how can i get it

If you are a family member, then you need to look at the DEATH CERTIFICATE. The social security number will be on it. Contact the funeral home, they will have a copy in their files. If you dont; know who handled the service, contact the cemetary, their records should show who the funeral director was. WARNING, if you are not a DIRECT family member no one will give you a copy or any information.

Is a SSN that has the first 5 digits all matching valid? I came across one on a client’s paperwork that had all the same number in the first 5 places. Only the last 4 were different.

I can’t say whether or not the numbers in your particular case are valid, but it would have been possible under the “old” system of issuing numbers. The first three numbers are based don’t the geographic area. The next two numbers are the group numbers, and those numbers are allocated to particular areas within a state.

You say that 729-999 are not in use, but my wife has a SSN that starts with 881. She is from France and got a green card in 2012, and that was the prefix assigned.

Then she got her SSN after June 25, 2011 when they started using random numbers.

Can a person’s prefix be different from the state the were born in? My prefix suggests I was born in Washington, but I was not.

Can group numbers be used to narrow down a location within a state (prior to randomization)?

It is difficult to find official information on the specific manner in which the numbers were issued. However, the group numbers weren’t based on a geographical area. The group numbers were determined by the sequential order in which they were assigned.

With the advent of some financial institutions wishing to make you give them the last six or your social security number, it seems as though they do not understand nor does the government understand the sanctity that should be afforded Social Security identification numbers. With crooks having access to screaming fast computers today, it really is not much of a problem with a nine-digit password to eventually obtain it by searching. And it makes it much easier with the last four that the majority of institutions require for identification. However, with the last six, you might as well just give them the entire number and see your personal security go down the tube. This should be a top priority of our government to band the use of any more numbers being given out to anybody for identification.

Are there duplicates of the last four digits?

Yes. There are social security numbers that have the last four digits that match.

Are SSN’s for noncitizens coded to shos they are not citjzens?

I believe the SSA assigns the numbers using the randomization process that was put in place in 2011. So, they shouldn’t be coded to identify that an individual is a non-citizen. Check the SSA.gov website for more information.

I’m wondering the same thing,

Please remember: the SSN is assigned based on the address provided on the application submitted to the Social Security Administration. This address is supposed to be the applicant’s permanent address. If you have a question, you should contact the Social Security Administration. >>> ASSIGNMENT METHODOLOGY USED STARTING JUNE 26, 2011 <<< The U.S. SSN (Social Security Number) is assigned RANDOMLY. However, the methodology is not public knowledge.

Concerning? I was noting my son’s ssn this year while gathering tax information, and it starts with 881. My concern is that it won’t be valid when he goes to work- as it says numbers starting with 729-999 = Currently not in use???? What could have happened?

It was randomized near the year 1972 because some areas ran out of numbers.

I am a Veteran living in the Houston, Texas area and am enrolled in VA Healthcare. I have recently discovered, when checking in at the DeBakey VA Hospital in Houston, that their VA computer shows that there are 3 Veterans in their system, including myself, that have the same exact last name and the same exact last 4 numbers of their SSN. Should I be concerned?

We’re not in a position to interpret whether it is something that should be of concern. However, it may be something that you should inquire about with VA Healthcare. It is possible that you may have multiple accounts within their system. The records that you see with the same last name and same last four numbers of the SSN may all be referring to you. You may want to give them a call to get more information.

Here it said that the 800 are not in use . 800 are good numbers or bugs number please advice

The SSA changed the way they issue social security numbers, so numbers beginning with 800 are certainly possible.

Both my kids born 2004 & 2009 are 766 and it’s now required to file for them at birth to which they were born in FL but it says the 766 aren’t in use yet when they have been in use for at least 15years now. Strange.

I was born in S.C. but the first 3 digits show it came from Arkansas

I live in NE. Everyone in my family and my first born all start with the 505, 508. This past year I had a baby. His SSN starts with 358. Why is this?

your would indicate you and your family was born in Nebraska, But your sons would indicate he was born in Illinois, so if he wasn’t that is strange, better check into so he don’t have problems later in life with his number

its not where you were born that determines the number, it is the state where the application for an original Social Security number was filed. In my case, I didn’t file till I was 13 and had moved multiple times.

The numbers are now picked at random & are not picked by state. The first three numbers of your baby’s ssn have nothing to do with his state of birth or the state in which his ssn was applied for. Since 2011, the Social Security Administration has been assigning SSNs by randomization. This process eliminates the geographical significance of the first 3 numbers.

I was born in 1980 so my social security number should be from the state I was born in since the change was not started till 2011 where your social security number is pick random

My daughter was born in Connecticut it was issued a social security number while living in Connecticut but she has a New York social security number

I was born in Georgia and I have a New York number. My cousin was born the same month and in the same hospital as me and she has a Georgia number. What could be the reason?

I have an FL ssn and i wasnt born in FL accoding to my birth certificate.

I was born in Alabama, but my SSN was issued at about age 8 (this was many years ago) while living in North Dakota. Therefore, I have a North Dakota SSN.

i have a question it says the 1st 3 numbers say where one was born i have 149 the list says that is the number for new Jersey and i was born in Oklahoma. why?

The first three numbers actually represent the geographic area where the social security number was issued, rather than where a person was born.

In 2011 the first 3 of 808 was used. Every where I have seen says it isn’t, but it was given to my child.

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Social Security Matters

Three things every family should do when expecting a new baby.

July 31, 2017 • By Jim Borland, Acting Deputy Commissioner for Communications

Last Updated: August 19, 2021

baby smiling

The birth or adoption of a child is a special time for families. We’re with you and your child starting from when you choose their special name. Issuing Social Security cards to newborns makes us the source for the most popular baby names each year!

The top names of 2016 were Noah and Emma.

We reveal the top 10 names for boys and girls every year. Visit our baby names page to see popular names from the past 100 years! You can also share it with friends and family members who may be expecting a child or grandchild. Maybe they’ll find a name on our list that they love, thanks to you!

After your child has a name, the second thing they’ll need is a Social Security number ; we’ll issue a unique one soon after birth. They’ll need their number throughout many important stages in their life, beginning with when you claim them on your tax return. It’ll also be useful if you need to apply for benefits for your child. We offer a wide range of resources for families with children. And, when the time comes for their first job, their number is already in place.

Social Security is with you throughout life’s journey. Get to know us and the resources we offer to families with children at socialsecurity.gov !

Did you find this Information helpful?

Tags: Baby names , SSN

About the Author

Jim Borland, Acting Deputy Commissioner for Communications

Jim Borland, Acting Deputy Commissioner for Communications

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January 28, 2021 1:25PM

Hello. I read your article. It is really an informative and useful writing. My wife and I also thinking about taking our first baby. Which points should be checked before taking first baby?

June 14, 2020 11:18PM

Wow this was very help. Thanks Parental love

May 31, 2020 6:46PM

Does nas babies qualify for ssi benefits

how long after birth is a social security number issued

June 1, 2020 10:07AM

Hi Rita, thanks for using our blog. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) gives cash assistance to people with limited income and resources who are age 65 or older, blind or disabled. Children with disabilities can get SSI, too. To find out who qualifies and how to apply, go to the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Benefits web page.

Comments are closed.

Social Security

Social security number and card, what is a social security number.

A Social Security number (SSN) is a unique identifier issued by the Social Security Administration. You need an SSN to work, and it’s used to determine your eligibility for Social Security benefits and certain government services.

Why might you need one?

Many financial institutions, such as banks and credit companies, also ask for your number when you open an account. If you are a noncitizen with permission to work in the United States, you may also need an SSN. For more information please see, Social Security Numbers for Noncitizens .

Answer a few questions and we’ll tell you the best way to apply.

  • Request a copy of a lost, stolen, or damaged card
  • Update or correct your personal information (e.g. name, citizenship, sex identification, date of birth)
  • Request a Social Security Number for the first time

See what card services you can do online

Applying online is the fastest way to obtain a Social Security card. Answer a few questions to see if you can complete your request online, or if you need to finish part or all of your request in-person. Either way, you’ll receive your Social Security card in the mail within 14 days after your application is completed.

Social Security Number Services are Always Free

Some businesses offer Social Security name changes or cards for a fee. Social Security provides those services and more for free. Social Security is the best place to get information about Social Security.

Replace Card

If you lost your card, you may not need a replacement. In most cases, simply knowing your SSN is enough. But if you do need a replacement, we make it easy. Once you complete your application (online or in person), you will receive your Social Security card in the mail.

Request Number for the First Time

To obtain an SSN for the first time, you’ll need to submit an application and show us original documents (or copies certified by the issuing agencies). You can begin your application online, but you will need to visit a local Social Security office or card center to complete the application process.

Make Changes to Your Record

Changing your name or updating an incorrect birthdate, your sex identification, or your citizenship or legal status is always free. To make changes, you’ll need to request a replacement Social Security card. Depending on the change, your application may be completed either online or in person.

how long after birth is a social security number issued

Your baby's birth certificate

After your baby is born, the hospital staff will gather information to complete the birth certificate and send it to the state health department.

The procedures for getting a copy of your baby's birth certificate depend on the county in which your baby is born. Ask your birth center staff how you can get a copy of your baby's birth certificate. (You may receive a souvenir certificate. This is not an official birth certificate).

On the birth certificate questionnaire is a question asking if you want to apply for a Social Security number for your baby. Although your baby doesn't legally need a Social Security number for one year, now is the easiest time to apply for one.

Any child older than one year old who is listed as a dependent on a tax return is required to have a Social Security number. You will also need your baby's Social Security number to open a bank account, buy savings bonds, or apply for government services for your baby.

Related resources

  • Social Security card application

Source: Allina Health Patient Education, Beginnings: Pregnancy, Birth and Beyond , eighth edition, ob-ah-90026 Reviewed By: Allina Health's Patient Education Department experts First Published: 10/04/2002 Last Reviewed: 12/06/2021

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Social Security numbers and why your baby needs one

Getting a Social Security number for your newborn has many benefits. It allows you to claim your child on your taxes, enroll your baby in health insurance, and set up a college savings plan and/or bank account for your little one. The easiest way to get an SSN for your baby is to apply using birth registration forms at the hospital. If you don't give birth at a hospital, or if your child is older or adopted, you can fill out Social Security forms online and apply in person at your local Social Security office.

Marcella Gates

How to get a Social Security card for a newborn

How do i look up my child's social security number, what if i haven't received my child's social security card, getting a social security number for an adopted child.

A Social Security number (SSN) is the U.S. federal government's way of identifying you and your child. In the United States, registering your child for a Social Security number is voluntary, but it's necessary to obtain important services. You'll use your child's SSN to claim child-related tax breaks (such as the dependent exemption and the child tax credit ), add your child to your health insurance plan, set up a college savings plan or bank account, and perhaps apply for government benefits for them.

The easiest way to apply for a Social Security card and number for a newborn is by completing a birth registration form at the hospital. You'll need to check the "yes" box where the form asks if you want to apply for a Social Security number for your baby.

You'll eventually need to provide both parents' Social Security numbers, but if you don't know both parents' SSNs, you can still fill out the form.

If you didn't deliver in a hospital, you weren't given the birth registration form, or you choose to wait to get an SSN for your child, your other option is to visit your local Social Security Administration Office (you can use the SSA's Office Locator Opens a new window ) and request a number in person. This process requires you to do three things:

  • Complete Form SS-5 (Application for Social Security Number Opens a new window ) and provide both parents' Social Security numbers on the form. To save time, you can download, print, and complete the form before you go.
  • Provide at least two documents proving your baby's age, identity, and citizenship status. One document should ideally be your child's birth certificate, and the other can be their hospital birth record or another medical record.
  • Provide proof of your own identity and proof of your relationship to the child. Your driver's license and passport are both acceptable.

If you'd prefer not to make the trip, you can send a completed Form SS-5 along with your identification documents to your local SSA office by mail. However, you'll have to send originals or certified copies of all identification documents, which is why most people opt to apply in person.

Once you've submitted your application, you should receive your child's Social Security card in the mail in six to 12 weeks, but keep in mind that each state has slightly different processing times. Note as well that it could take longer than this to receive the card if your child is older than 1, because the SSA will contact your state's department of vital statistics to confirm that the birth certificate you've provided is valid.

You won't be able to find your child's SSN online due to the sensitivity of this information. You'll need to contact the Social Security Administration at ssa.gov Opens a new window and eventually visit your local SSA office in person with the proper identification to find out your child's SSN.

(Note: You can look up your baby's SSN on your tax return documents if you've declared your child as a dependent.)

Once your baby's SSN card arrives in the mail, keep it in a safe space at home with other important government-issued documents such as birth certificates and passports . This way, the card is less likely to be misplaced or stolen, and it's readily available when you need to reference your child's Social Security number (the digits are written clearly on the front of the card).

Figure out your state's approximate processing time for SSN applications for newborns, since it varies based on where you live. If you still haven't received your baby's card in the mail after the indicated length of time (and you're sure you submitted the application properly), you have two options:

  • Visit your local SSA Office.
  • Call the national SSA hotline at 1.800.772.1213. This phone number has automated services 24/7, or you can speak to a live person during business hours Monday through Friday.

Depending on your application status, someone at your local SSA office or an official on the hotline could ask you to refile your application; you can do so at ssa.gov. Keep in mind that you can't apply via phone or mail, so if you're asked to do this, report this immediately and consider it fraud.

Also, applying for a SSN and a Social Security card is free, so don't be tricked by scammers who may be trying to charge you a fee for your application.

If the child you're adopting is a United States citizen, the child's birth mother most likely filled out an application for an SSN for the baby at the hospital. However, you have the option to register them for a new SSN that bears the child's new legal name, no matter how old the child is at the time of the adoption.

You'll have to apply in person at your local Social Security Office. You must fill out the SS-5 application Opens a new window and provide proof of the child's citizenship and identity – you can present your Adoption Order, a certified copy of the child's birth certificate, or a hospital record – as well as your own identity and your relationship to them. This new number will override the child's old one.

If you're adopting a child from another country, you'll have to wait until the adoption is final and your child has entered the United States to obtain a Social Security number. To apply, fill out the application and bring the required paperwork described above, as well as other adoption paperwork such as immigration documents from the Department of Homeland Security, to your local Social Security Office. Then, follow the rest of the process described above to obtain your child's Social Security number and card.

If you want to file your child as a dependent on your tax return while the adoption is pending – before you receive the child's SSN card in the mail – you can obtain an Adoption Taxpayer Identification Number (ATIN). To apply for one, complete IRS Form W-7A Opens a new window .

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Social Security Administration. Social security numbers for children. https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10023.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

Social Security Administration. 2022. How long does it take to get my baby's Social Security card that I applied for in the hospital? https://faq.ssa.gov/en-US/Topic/article/KA-01969 Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

Social Security Administration. Identity theft and your Social Security number. https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10064.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

Social Security Administration. Social Security numbers for children. https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10023.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

Social Security Administration. How to get a Social Security card and prove U.S. citizenship for a foreign-born adopted child. https://www.ssa.gov/people/immigrants/children.html Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

US Birth Certificates. How to get your newborn's Social Security number and card. https://www.usbirthcertificates.com/articles/newborn-social-security-card-number#how-to-apply-for-a-newborn-s-social-security-number [Accessed June 2022]

Alliance for Children's Rights. 2015. Adoptive parent FAQs. https://allianceforchildrensrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/FAQs-for-Adoptive-Parents_2015Update.pdf Opens a new window [Accessed June 2022]

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Social Security

Frequently asked questions, comments and questions, how long does it take to get my child's social security number.

It is a good idea to apply for your child’s Social Security number and birth certificate at birth. If you apply at the hospital, the state agency that issues birth certificates will share your child’s information with us. Then, we will mail the Social Security card to you. If you wait to apply, there may be delays while we verify your child’s birth certificate.

Each state or jurisdiction has different processing times, between 1 and 6 weeks. See the chart below to find out how long your state takes to process the card application. The average processing time is 2 weeks. If you waited the appropriate length of time and still have not received your child's Social Security card, contact your local Social Security office . You also can call us at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778 ), 8:00 a.m. – 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. If you live outside the United States, refer to Service Around the World .

For more information, read Social Security Numbers For Children .

The chart below shows the time it takes for each state to send the application and paperwork to Social Security. Allow an additional two weeks for us to send the card in the mail. Social Security Card Application at Birth: Average Processing Times by State (ST) in Weeks (WK) Quarter Ending December 2023

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Birth Registration and Social Security Numbers

Action transmittal.

OCSE-AT-90-04

May 4, 1990

TO:   STATE AGENCIES ADMINISTERING CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT PLANS UNDER TITLE IV-D OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, STATE VITAL STATISTICS AGENCIES AND OTHER INTERESTED INDIVIDUALS

SUBJECT:   Birth Registration and Social Security Numbers (SSNs); Child Support Enforcement Program

BACKGROUND:   Section 125 of P.L. 100-485 (the Family Support Act of 1988) amended section 205(c)(2)(C)(i) of the Social Security Act, effective November 1, 1990, to require that, in the administration of any law involving the official birth registration process, each State obtain from each parent their Social Security Number(s) unless the State finds good cause for not requiring such number(s) (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary). Under the revised law, the State shall make such number(s) available to the agency administering the State's plan under title IV-D of the Act in accordance with Federal or State law and regulation. The number(s) shall not be recorded on the birth certificate. The State shall not use any SSN(s) obtained during issuance of a birth certificate for any purpose other than the enforcement of child support orders in effect in the State, except that, where a State is currently permitted under the Privacy Act to obtain and use an SSN for purposes other than the IV-D program because they did so prior to 1975, the State would be permitted to continue to do so. Any provision of Federal law which is inconsistent with the requirements set forth in the revised law is of no effect on and after the date of enactment of such revisions.

CONTENT:   This Action Transmittal sets forth instructions for obtaining SSN(s) during the birth registration process for the purpose of locating absent parents, establishing paternity, and establishing and enforcing child support orders. The following actions are necessary to comply with Section 125 of P.L. 100-485, effective November 1, 1990:

(a) General. In the administration of any law involving the official birth registration process, each State vital statistics office, or other agency having administrative responsibility for the law involved, must require each parent to furnish to such office or agency, the SSN (or numbers, if the parent has more than one such number) issued to the parent, unless a determination of good cause for not providing such number(s) is made. A parent need not be required to disclose his or her SSN(s) if the parent has good cause, as defined by the State, for not providing such number(s) based on evidence provided by the parent. We are not issuing regulations at this time because we believe the States are in the best position to determine good cause circumstances. However, States may wish to limit good cause circumstances to those under which:

(1) The child was conceived as a result of incest or forcible rape; or

(2) Legal proceedings for the adoption of the child are pending before a court of competent jurisdiction.

(b) Maintenance of Social Security Numbers. The State vital statistics office or other appropriate agency may not display SSN(s) on the portion of the birth certificate issued upon request. The SSN must be printed on the portion of the birth certificate which remains in the official birth records and is not released. The State vital statistics office or other appropriate agency may establish a system for maintaining SSN(s) collected in accordance with paragraph (a). The State vital statistics office or other appropriate agency is not required to keep a separate system of records--it can be added to the existing vital statistics system.

(c) Availability of Social Security Numbers. The State vital statistics office or other appropriate agency must make SSN(s) available to the agency administering the State's plan for child support enforcement under title IV-D of the Social Security Act in accordance with Federal or State law and regulation. Federal funding is available at the applicable matching rate for the establishment of, and costs associated with, all necessary agreements between State vital statistics offices and IV-D agencies to request and transfer SSNs.

(d) Use of Social Security Numbers. A State may not use any SSN, obtained by the State vital statistics office or other appropriate agency during the birth registration process, for any purpose other than locating absent parents, establishing paternity, and establishing and enforcing support orders, unless section 7(a) of the Privacy Act of 1974 authorizes the State to disclose such numbers because the State adopted, before January 1, 1975, a statute or regulation requiring such disclosure. Although the statute only mentions enforcement of support orders, we believe that Congress intended to allow disclosure for the purposes of locating absent parents, and establishing paternity and support orders because these actions are essential to, and prerequisites of, enforcement of support obligations. We believe this is consistent with Congressional intent stated in Conference Report 100-998, on pages 107-108: "The conference agreement follows the Senate amendment modified to provide that the parents' SSN shall not appear on the birth certificate, and that the use of the SSN obtained through the birth record would be limited to Child Support Enforcement (CSE) program purposes . . ." (emphasis added).

EFFECTIVE DATE:   November 1, 1990

INQUIRIES TO:   OCSE Regional Representatives.

_________________________

Allie Page Matthews

Deputy Director

Social Security

Program operations manual system (poms).

TN 40 (12-23)

RS 00615.015 How the Day of Birth Affects Benefits

A.  policy.

The day of the month on which a person is born affects both when they can be entitled as well as the amount of the benefit. Retirement benefits can begin the first month a person is age 62 throughout the entire month. (See RS 00201.001C. ) Social Security follows English common law that finds that a person attains an age on the day before the birthday. (See GN 00302.400 .) For example, a person born January 15, 2003 will attain age one on January 14, 2004. Therefore, a person is age 62 throughout an entire month if the 62nd birthday is on the first or second day of that month. Retirement benefits are reduced for each month of entitlement (MOE) prior to the month full retirement age (FRA) is attained. FRA ranges from age 65 for some people up to age 67, depending on the date of birth. Retirement benefits are computed using two factors:

Earnings during the entire working career ( RS 00605.018 ), and

The year of attainment of age 62 ( RS 00605.005 ).

NOTE: The throughout the month rule does not apply to the attainment of FRA. Unreduced benefits are payable beginning with the month FRA is attained regardless of the day of the month. For example, if the birth date is June 1, 1935, FRA is attained on May 31, 2000 and unreduced benefits can begin with May 2000.

B.  EXAMPLES

To show how these variables interact let us take four people born over a four-day period through several examples.

1.  Different Days of the Month

Anne was born 5/31/1935, Bill was born 6/1/1935, Cory was born 6/2/1935 and Demi was born 6/3/1935. They all worked at the same job and had maximum earnings from 1961 through 1991. They attain age 62 as follows: Anne on 5/30/1997, Bill on 5/31/1997, Cory on 6/1/1997 and Demi on 6/2/1997. Anne, Bill and Cory can begin receiving benefits 6/1997 (the first month they are age 62 throughout the entire month). Demi must wait until 7/1997 because they are not age 62 throughout the entire month of 6/1997. FRA for all four is age 65 so the number of reduction months (RF) varies. In 6/1997 Anne has 35 RF, Bill has 35 RF and Cory has 36 RF. In 7/1997 Demi has 35 RF. Because all four claimants have the same earnings and attain age 62 in the same year the full (unreduced for age) benefit amount would be the same – $1207. After reduction for entitlement before FRA, payments are made as follows:

Anne - $972 starting 6/1997

Bill - $972 starting 6/1997

Cory - $965 starting 6/1997

Demi - $972 starting 7/1997

2.  Different Days of the Month and Different Years

Now lets change the four-day period. Anne was born 12/31/1935, Bill was born 1/1/1936, Cory was born 1/2/1936 and Demi was born 1/3/1936. They all worked at the same job and had maximum earnings from 1961 through 1991. They attain age 62 as follows: Anne on 12/30/1997, Bill on 12/31/1997, Cory on 1/1/1998 and Demi on 1/2/1998. Anne, Bill and Cory can begin receiving benefits 1/1998 (the first month they are age 62 throughout the entire month). Demi must wait until 2/1998 because they are not age 62 throughout the entire month of 1/1998. FRA for all four is age 65 so the number of reduction months varies. In 1/1998 Anne has 35 RF, Bill has 35 RF and Cory has 36 RF. In 2/1998 Demi has 35 RF. Although all four claimants have the same earnings they attain age 62 in different years. The year of attainment of age 62 determines the indexing factors and bend points used in computing the benefit amount. Anne and Bill who attain age 62 in 1997 have a full unreduced benefit amount of $1232. Cory and Demi attain age 62 in 1998 and have a full unreduced benefit amount of $1266. After reduction for entitlement before FRA, payments are made as follows:

Anne - $992 starting 1/1998

Bill - $992 starting 1/1998

Cory - $1012 starting 1/1998

Demi - $1019 starting 2/1998

3.  Different Days of the Month, Different Years and Different Full Retirement Ages

One last time with another four-day period. Anne was born 12/31/1937, Bill was born 1/1/1938, Cory was born 1/2/1938 and Demi was born 1/3/1938. They all worked at the same job and had maximum earnings from 1961 through 1991. They attain age 62 as follows: Anne on 12/30/1999, Bill on 12/31/1999, Cory on 1/1/2000 and Demi on 1/2/2000. Anne, Bill and Cory can begin receiving benefits 1/2000 (the first month they are age 62 throughout the entire month). Demi must wait until 2/2000 because they are not age 62 throughout the entire month of 1/2000. FRA for Anne and Bill is age 65. FRA for Cory and Demi is age 65 and 2 months. The number of reduction months varies. In 1/2000 Anne has 35 RF, Bill has 35 RF and Cory has 38 RF. In 2/1998 Demi has 37 RF. Although all four claimants have the same earnings they attain age 62 in different years. The year of attainment of age 62 determines the indexing factors and bend points used in computing the benefit amount. Anne and Bill attain age 62 in 1999 and have a full unreduced benefit amount of $1372. Cory and Demi attain age 62 in 2000 and have a full unreduced benefit amount of $1410. After reduction for entitlement before FRA, payments are made as follows:

Anne - $1105 starting 1/2000

Bill - $1105 starting 1/2000

Cory - $1116 starting 1/2000

Demi - $1122 starting 2/2000

4.  Summary of the Three Scenarios to Show How the Different Birth Dates Affect the Benefit Amounts and Payment Months:

Example One -

Example Two -

Example Three -

Applying for a New Social Security Number After an Adoption

Applying for a New Social Security Number After an Adoption

Congratulations on the finalization of the adoption of your minor child.  While it likely was a long arduous process, be careful not to relax too much now that you have finalized your adoption.  There still remains at least one more item on your post adoption checklist to cover, and that is obtaining a new Social Security Number for your child.   The Social Security Administration Guidelines have changed in recent years and allow any child that is adopted to obtain a new Social Security Number after an adoption. Significantly, there are no exclusions for older children or children adopted by grandparents. Also, the mandatory in-person interview conducted when an applicant is twelve or older and applying for an original Social Security Number does not apply to adopted children applying for a new Social Security Number.  However, one of the few remaining exclusions is that adults who are adopted cannot receive new Social Security Numbers.    Once the Final Adoption Order is signed by the judge, and the child's new birth certificate is received, you should immediately make plans to head to the local Social Security Administration Office in order to obtain a new Social Security Number for your child.    It is recommended to obtain a new Social Security Number to prevent fraud, misuse of your child’s identity, and harassment from former family members or caregivers.   A Social Security Number is necessary to :  

Claim your child as a dependent on your income tax return; 

Open a bank account for your child; 

Buy savings bonds for your child’s future; 

Start a college fund for your child’s educational needs; 

Get healthcare coverage for your child; and

Apply for state or federal governmental benefits for your child.

Your child may or may not already have a Social Security Number.  However, it is likely that your child’s birth mother filled out an application for a number at the hospital where she gave birth and a Social Security Card was mailed to her. In this case, the new Social Security Number will replace the former one. Notably, when dealing with child applications for new numbers, Social Security Administration Guidelines advise personnel at field offices to walk through the application process slowly and carefully, as if the parents were applying for a number for their child for the very first time.   The application for a new Social Security Number for your child must be made in person at your local Social Security Office. The field office for the Atlanta area is located at 401 West Peachtree Street Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia. For additional locations, the Social Security Administration provides an online tool to search by zip code, accessible at this link:  https://secure.ssa.gov/ICON/main.jsp .   When applying in person for your child’s Social Security Number, you will need to bring with you the birth certificate that you received after the adoption was finalized and a certified copy of the Final Order of Adoption. You will also need to provide proof of your own identity. Your driver's license and passport are both acceptable forms of ID. You will also need to fill out Form SS-5, which can be found online ( www.socialsecurity.gov/online/ss-5.pdf ).   After the application for a new Social Security Number is submitted, it can take between six to twelve weeks to obtain the new Social Security Number and Card. If tax season is looming and you need to claim child-related tax breaks before the new Social Security Number arrives, you may obtain a temporary Adoption Taxpayer Identification Number (ATIN) by completing IRS Form W-7A ( https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw7a.pdf ). The ATIN can be used for two years or until the Social Security Number is provided, whichever occurs first.   

For more questions, contact attorney Christina E. Campbell, who has the experience and training to help you navigate the adoption process, at (404) 981-5257.  

Phone : 404.981.5257 Fax : 404.410.6923

Visit Us: 3 915 Cascade Road, Suite T138 Atlanta, GA 30331

Disclaimer:

The information contained in this website is provided as a public service to the public. Nothing in this website should be deemed or construed as creating an attorney-client relationship with The Campbell Law Practice, LLC. The content within this website is not intended to be legal advice or a legal opinion upon which the user may rely. It is not intended to help users represent themselves in their own legal situation. Due to the rapidly changing nature of the law, The Campbell Law Practice, LLC makes no warranty or guarantee concerning the accuracy or reliability of the content at this website.

Additionally, The Campbell Law Practice, LLC is licensed to practice law in those jurisdictions and courts specified in this website. The availability of the website in jurisdictions outside which The Campbell Law Practice, LLC is not licensed should not be deemed or construed as advertising of their services in those jurisdictions. Professional legal counsel in those jurisdictions should be sought for legal advice. The Campbell Law Practice, LLC's goal is to keep information on this website as accurate and up-to-date as possible.

It is important that before anyone act on any of the information provided herein that such person first consult a lawyer about their specific case. Additionally, sending an electronic email does not mean that the user has established an attorney-client relationship with The Campbell Law Practice, LLC. An attorney-client relationship can only be established or formed by a written agreement between both parties.

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February Social Security Payments Arrive in Just Two Days

Social Security payments are on the way, and they should arrive to seniors in two days.

Right in time for Valentine's Day, the next Social Security payment is scheduled for Feb. 14. However, keep in mind, beneficiaries receive their checks generally based on their birth dates.

For this month, everyone whose birthday falls between the first and 10th of a month earns their benefits on February 14. A week later, on February 21, Social Security payments will go out for everyone with a birthday between the 11th and 20th. And those with a birthday between the 21st and 31st of any month get their payments on February 28.

However, if you've received Social Security since before May 1997, you should always expect your payments a bit earlier. For this month, they arrived on February 2.

Beneficiaries should generally wait three days before reaching out about any missed payments.

Elderly couple

COLA Increase

This year, Social Security payments grew by 3.2 percent courtesy of the cost of living adjustment (COLA). That saw the highest payments go up to $4,873 for the highest earners who retired at age 70. On average, seniors can expect an increase of more than $50 a month.

Generally, you can maximize your payments based on when you retire, how much you paid into Social Security and the number of years you worked.

Still, payments vary greatly across the board, with those who retired at the youngest age possible, 62, earning only $2,710 a month. Those retiring at the full retirement age of 67 get a more average check, at $3,822.

Despite the 2024 COLA, many seniors have expressed disappointment with their higher checks, saying they don't adequately keep up with inflation as their grocery, housing and gas bills soar.

  • Retirement savings take a hit from student loan debt: study
  • Americans are becoming less satisfied with their lives
  • Controversial Social Security proposal would ax retirement plan tax rules

"Whether the annual COLA is appropriate for a specific retiree to ensure equal purchasing power as the prior year is highly specific to the life situation of the individual retiree, both in terms of expenses and other sources of income," Jonathan Price, the national retirement practice leader at employee benefits consulting firm Segal, told Newsweek.

But that's not the only problem the Social Security Administration is up against.

Lawmakers and everyday citizens are becoming increasingly concerned that the Social Security program will become insolvent by 2033 if nothing changes. The Social Security net fund is losing money as too many Americans retire and not enough are currently working to support the program.

Today, roughly $1.4 trillion in payments are sent to more than 70 million people each year. Altogether, more than 8 million people have started receiving benefits over the past decade.

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Suzanne Blake is a Newsweek reporter based in New York. Her focus is reporting on consumer and social trends, spanning from retail to restaurants and beyond. She is a graduate of UNC Chapel Hill and joined Newsweek in 2023. You can get in touch with Suzanne by emailing [email protected].

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IMAGES

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  2. Social Security Benefits by Year of Birth

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  3. Obtaining a Birth Certificate & Social Security Card for Home Birth

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  4. Getting a Social Security Number for a Home Birth Baby

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  5. Why Do I Need a Social Security Number?

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  6. How to Get a Social Security Card for Your Surro-Born Baby

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COMMENTS

  1. How long does it take to get my child's Social Security number?

    If you waited the appropriate length of time and still have not received your child's Social Security card, contact your local Social Security office. You also can call us at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778 ), 8:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday.

  2. Why We Assign Social Security Numbers at Birth

    Registering for a Social Security number for a newborn, while voluntary and free, is often necessary if you want to claim your child as a dependent on your income tax return, open a bank...

  3. Social Security Numbers (SSNs) How they are assigned by State

    How Are Social Security Numbers Assigned? This article aims to help you understand how Social Security Numbers are assigned. In 2011, the Social Security Administration (SSA) changed how they assign Social Security Numbers (SSNs). The new method uses a process called "randomization" to assign SSNs.

  4. PDF Message from Social Security

    It takes your State about 9 weeks to notify the Social Security Administration (SSA) about your baby's birth. After the birth is registered, SSA will issue your baby a Social Security number. The card will be mailed to you about one week after SSA is notified by the State of your baby's birth.

  5. SSA Handbook § 1401

    For example, if you were born in the United States and are requesting an original Social Security number, we must verify your birth record, which can add up to 12 weeks to the time it takes to issue a card. U.S.-born includes birth in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and th...

  6. What is Enumeration at Birth and how does it work?

    Currently, the national average processing time for EAB cases is 2 weeks. Parents may expect to wait up to an additional 2 weeks to receive the SSN card in the mail. Read our publication Social Security Numbers for Children for more information. Keywords: kid Comments (0)

  7. PDF Social Security Numbers for Children

    The easiest way to get a Social Security number (SSN) for your newborn is to apply when you provide information for your baby's birth certificate in the hospital. If you wait to apply for a number at a Social Security ofice, there may be delays while we verify your child's birth certificate. Why should I get a Social Security number for my child?

  8. How To Get Your New Baby's Social Security Number

    When you give information for your child's birth certificate at the hospital, you'll be asked whether you want to apply for a Social Security number for your child. If you answer "yes," you will be asked to provide both parents' Social Security numbers. Even if you don't know both parents' Social Security numbers, you can still ...

  9. Three Things Every Family Should Do When Expecting a New Baby

    After your child has a name, the second thing they'll need is a Social Security number; we'll issue a unique one soon after birth. They'll need their number throughout many important stages in their life, beginning with when you claim them on your tax return. It'll also be useful if you need to apply for benefits for your child.

  10. Social Security Number and Card

    Either way, you'll receive your Social Security card in the mail within 14 days after your application is completed. Social Security Number Services are Always Free Some businesses offer Social Security name changes or cards for a fee. Social Security provides those services and more for free.

  11. Social Security number

    In the United States, a Social Security number ( SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205 (c) (2) of the Social Security Act, codified as 42 U.S.C. § 405 (c) (2).

  12. Your baby's birth certificate and Social Security number

    Any child older than one year old who is listed as a dependent on a tax return is required to have a Social Security number. You will also need your baby's Social Security number to open a bank account, buy savings bonds, or apply for government services for your baby. Related resources Social Security card application

  13. How to get a social security card for a newborn

    The easiest way to get an SSN for your baby is to apply using birth registration forms at the hospital. If you don't give birth at a hospital, or if your child is older or adopted, you can fill out Social Security forms online and apply in person at your local Social Security office. Fact-checked by Marcella Gates, Director of Content Operations.

  14. How long does it take to get my child's Social Security number?

    The average processing time is 2 weeks. If you waited the appropriate length of time and still have not received your child's Social Security card, contact your local Social Security office . You also can call us at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778 ), 8:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. If you live outside the United States, refer ...

  15. Birth Registration and Social Security Numbers

    BACKGROUND: Section 125 of P.L. 100-485 (the Family Support Act of 1988) amended section 205 (c) (2) (C) (i) of the Social Security Act, effective November 1, 1990, to require that, in the administration of any law involving the official birth registration process, each State obtain from each parent their Social Security Number (s) unless the St...

  16. The Story of the Social Security Number

    On February 9, 1936, Congress finally passed the deficiency bill containing the fiscal year 1936 appropriation for the Social Security Board (precursor of the SSA ), and Roosevelt signed it on February 11.

  17. Social Security Number Secrets: What It Reveals

    Here's how it works: The first two-digit number issued is 01, followed by 03, 05, 07 and 09, then every even number from 10 through 98. Then the even numbers between 02 and 08 are issued ...

  18. Social Security Number (SSN) Prefix

    Social Security numbers are made up of 3 sets of numbers. The first set, as described above, is 3 numbers, called the Area Number, and denotes the state the social security card was issued. For the majority of people, this will be the state you were born in. Following the Area Number, the next two digits form the Group Number.

  19. RS 00615.015 How the Day of Birth Affects Benefits

    A. POLICY. The day of the month on which a person is born affects both when they can be entitled as well as the amount of the benefit. Retirement benefits can begin the first month a person is age 62 throughout the entire month. (See RS 00201.001C.) Social Security follows English common law that finds that a person attains an age on the day ...

  20. Applying for a New Social Security Number After an Adoption

    After the application for a new Social Security Number is submitted, it can take between six to twelve weeks to obtain the new Social Security Number and Card.

  21. Correct date of birth

    Home Personal record Correct date of birth Number & card Correct date of birth You'll make this change by requesting a replacement Social Security card. We'll mail your free replacement card after we update your record. Find the best way to complete this task

  22. What records are exempted from FERPA?

    Records that are created or received by an educational agency or institution after an individual is no longer a student in attendance and that are not directly related to the individual's attendance as a student. Records that are grades on peer-graded papers, before they are collected and recorded by a teacher.

  23. Request a Social Security number

    Once your application is approved, you'll receive a Social Security card with your number on it by mail within 14 days. Get started Who can request a Social Security number All U.S. citizens can request a Social Security number. Some noncitizens may be able to request a number if they work or attend school, or if they have a valid nonwork reason.

  24. February Social Security Payments Arrive in Just Two Days

    This year, Social Security payments grew by 3.2 percent courtesy of the cost of living adjustment (COLA). That saw the highest payments go up to $4,873 for the highest earners who retired at age 70.

  25. PDF Social Security Numbers Issued: A 20-Year Review

    Social Security Numbers Issued: A 20-Year Review Social Security Numbers Issued: by Wayne S. Long* A 20-Year Review There was a substantial increase in the issuance of Social Security numbers Social Security Bulletin, November 1982, pp. 29-30, and Research and Statistics ioned the impact that the Social Security numbering system would have on the