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An array is a collection of similar types of data.

For example, if we want to store the names of 100 people then we can create an array of the string type that can store 100 names.

Here, the above array cannot store more than 100 names. The number of values in a Java array is always fixed.

  • How to declare an array in Java?

In Java, here is how we can declare an array.

  • dataType - it can be primitive data types like int , char , double , byte , etc. or Java objects
  • arrayName - it is an identifier

For example,

Here, data is an array that can hold values of type double .

But, how many elements can array this hold?

Good question! To define the number of elements that an array can hold, we have to allocate memory for the array in Java. For example,

Here, the array can store 10 elements. We can also say that the size or length of the array is 10.

In Java, we can declare and allocate the memory of an array in one single statement. For example,

  • How to Initialize Arrays in Java?

In Java, we can initialize arrays during declaration. For example,

Here, we have created an array named age and initialized it with the values inside the curly brackets.

Note that we have not provided the size of the array. In this case, the Java compiler automatically specifies the size by counting the number of elements in the array (i.e. 5).

In the Java array, each memory location is associated with a number. The number is known as an array index. We can also initialize arrays in Java, using the index number. For example,

Elements are stored in the array

  • Array indices always start from 0. That is, the first element of an array is at index 0.
  • If the size of an array is n , then the last element of the array will be at index n-1 .
  • How to Access Elements of an Array in Java?

We can access the element of an array using the index number. Here is the syntax for accessing elements of an array,

Let's see an example of accessing array elements using index numbers.

Example: Access Array Elements

In the above example, notice that we are using the index number to access each element of the array.

We can use loops to access all the elements of the array at once.

  • Looping Through Array Elements

In Java, we can also loop through each element of the array. For example,

Example: Using For Loop

In the above example, we are using the for Loop in Java to iterate through each element of the array. Notice the expression inside the loop,

Here, we are using the length property of the array to get the size of the array.

We can also use the for-each loop to iterate through the elements of an array. For example,

Example: Using the for-each Loop

  • Example: Compute Sum and Average of Array Elements

In the above example, we have created an array of named numbers . We have used the for...each loop to access each element of the array.

Inside the loop, we are calculating the sum of each element. Notice the line,

Here, we are using the length attribute of the array to calculate the size of the array. We then calculate the average using:

As you can see, we are converting the int value into double . This is called type casting in Java. To learn more about typecasting, visit Java Type Casting .

  • Multidimensional Arrays

Arrays we have mentioned till now are called one-dimensional arrays. However, we can declare multidimensional arrays in Java.

A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each element of a multidimensional array is an array itself. For example,

Here, we have created a multidimensional array named matrix. It is a 2-dimensional array. To learn more, visit the Java multidimensional array .

Recommended Readings

  • Java Program to Print an Array
  • Java Program to Concatenate two Arrays
  • Java ArrayList to Array and Array to ArrayList
  • Java Dynamic Array

Table of Contents

  • Introduction

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Java Tutorial

Java Library

The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

An array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed. You have seen an example of arrays already, in the main method of the "Hello World!" application. This section discusses arrays in greater detail.

An array of 10 elements.

Each item in an array is called an element , and each element is accessed by its numerical index . As shown in the preceding illustration, numbering begins with 0. The 9th element, for example, would therefore be accessed at index 8.

The following program, ArrayDemo , creates an array of integers, puts some values in the array, and prints each value to standard output.

The output from this program is:

In a real-world programming situation, you would probably use one of the supported looping constructs to iterate through each element of the array, rather than write each line individually as in the preceding example. However, the example clearly illustrates the array syntax. You will learn about the various looping constructs ( for , while , and do-while ) in the Control Flow section.

Declaring a Variable to Refer to an Array

The preceding program declares an array (named anArray ) with the following line of code:

Like declarations for variables of other types, an array declaration has two components: the array's type and the array's name. An array's type is written as type [] , where type is the data type of the contained elements; the brackets are special symbols indicating that this variable holds an array. The size of the array is not part of its type (which is why the brackets are empty). An array's name can be anything you want, provided that it follows the rules and conventions as previously discussed in the naming section. As with variables of other types, the declaration does not actually create an array; it simply tells the compiler that this variable will hold an array of the specified type.

Similarly, you can declare arrays of other types:

You can also place the brackets after the array's name:

However, convention discourages this form; the brackets identify the array type and should appear with the type designation.

Creating, Initializing, and Accessing an Array

One way to create an array is with the new operator. The next statement in the ArrayDemo program allocates an array with enough memory for 10 integer elements and assigns the array to the anArray variable.

If this statement is missing, then the compiler prints an error like the following, and compilation fails:

The next few lines assign values to each element of the array:

Each array element is accessed by its numerical index:

Alternatively, you can use the shortcut syntax to create and initialize an array:

Here the length of the array is determined by the number of values provided between braces and separated by commas.

You can also declare an array of arrays (also known as a multidimensional array) by using two or more sets of brackets, such as String[][] names . Each element, therefore, must be accessed by a corresponding number of index values.

In the Java programming language, a multidimensional array is an array whose components are themselves arrays. This is unlike arrays in C or Fortran. A consequence of this is that the rows are allowed to vary in length, as shown in the following MultiDimArrayDemo program:

Finally, you can use the built-in length property to determine the size of any array. The following code prints the array's size to standard output:

Copying Arrays

The System class has an arraycopy method that you can use to efficiently copy data from one array into another:

The two Object arguments specify the array to copy from and the array to copy to . The three int arguments specify the starting position in the source array, the starting position in the destination array, and the number of array elements to copy.

The following program, ArrayCopyDemo , declares an array of String elements. It uses the System.arraycopy method to copy a subsequence of array components into a second array:

Array Manipulations

Arrays are a powerful and useful concept used in programming. Java SE provides methods to perform some of the most common manipulations related to arrays. For instance, the ArrayCopyDemo example uses the arraycopy method of the System class instead of manually iterating through the elements of the source array and placing each one into the destination array. This is performed behind the scenes, enabling the developer to use just one line of code to call the method.

For your convenience, Java SE provides several methods for performing array manipulations (common tasks, such as copying, sorting and searching arrays) in the java.util.Arrays class. For instance, the previous example can be modified to use the copyOfRange method of the java.util.Arrays class, as you can see in the ArrayCopyOfDemo example. The difference is that using the copyOfRange method does not require you to create the destination array before calling the method, because the destination array is returned by the method:

As you can see, the output from this program is the same, although it requires fewer lines of code. Note that the second parameter of the copyOfRange method is the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusively, while the third parameter is the final index of the range to be copied, exclusively . In this example, the range to be copied does not include the array element at index 9 (which contains the string Lungo ).

Some other useful operations provided by methods in the java.util.Arrays class are:

Searching an array for a specific value to get the index at which it is placed (the binarySearch method).

Comparing two arrays to determine if they are equal or not (the equals method).

Filling an array to place a specific value at each index (the fill method).

Sorting an array into ascending order. This can be done either sequentially, using the sort method, or concurrently, using the parallelSort method introduced in Java SE 8. Parallel sorting of large arrays on multiprocessor systems is faster than sequential array sorting.

Creating a stream that uses an array as its source (the stream method). For example, the following statement prints the contents of the copyTo array in the same way as in the previous example:

See Aggregate Operations for more information about streams.

Converting an array to a string. The toString method converts each element of the array to a string, separates them with commas, then surrounds them with brackets. For example, the following statement converts the copyTo array to a string and prints it:

This statement prints the following:

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Assigning arrays in Java.

While creating variables first of all we will declare them, initialize them, assign/re-assign values to them.

Similarly, while creating arrays −

You can declare an array just like a variable −

You can create an array just like an object using the new keyword −

You can initialize the array by assigning values to all the elements one by one using the index −

Assigning values to an array

When we assign primitive values of one type to a variable of other (datatype) implicitly they are converted.

But, when you try to assign a higher datatype to lower, at the time of compilation you will get an error saying “incompatible types: possible lossy conversion”

Therefore while assigning values to the elements of an array you can assign any value which will be cast implicitly.

But, if you try to assign incompatible types (higher types) to a variable a compile-time error will be generated saying “possible lossy conversion”.

 Live Demo

Compile-time error

If you have an array of objects while assigning values to the elements of it, you need to make sure that the objects you assign should be of the same or, a subtype of the class (which is the type of the array).

But to an array of objects if you assign a value which is neither the declared type nor its subtype a compile-time error will be generated.

If you have created an array of objects of an interface type you need to make sure that the values, you assign to the elements of the array are the objects of the class that implements the said interface.

Maruthi Krishna

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Java Array assignment

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In this tutorial on Java Arrays, we will see to how to assign an array – both Primitive Array assignment and Reference Array assignment.

Java Primitive Array Assignment

If an array is declared as int (int[]) then you can assign another int array of any size but cannot assign anything that is not an int array including primitive int variable. Following is an example of int[] array assignment.

Java Reference Array Assignment

If an array is declared as a reference type then you can assign any other array reference which is a subtype of the declared reference type, i.e.) it should pass the “IS-A relationship”. Following is an example of reference array assignment.

Similarly, if an array is declared as interface type then it can reference an array of any type that implements that interface.

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Java methods, java classes, java file handling, java how to, java reference, java examples, java arraylist.

The ArrayList class is a resizable array , which can be found in the java.util package.

The difference between a built-in array and an ArrayList in Java, is that the size of an array cannot be modified (if you want to add or remove elements to/from an array, you have to create a new one). While elements can be added and removed from an ArrayList whenever you want. The syntax is also slightly different:

Create an ArrayList object called cars that will store strings:

If you don't know what a package is, read our Java Packages Tutorial .

The ArrayList class has many useful methods. For example, to add elements to the ArrayList , use the add() method:

Try it Yourself »

Access an Item

To access an element in the ArrayList , use the get() method and refer to the index number:

Remember: Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second element, etc.

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Change an Item

To modify an element, use the set() method and refer to the index number:

Remove an Item

To remove an element, use the remove() method and refer to the index number:

To remove all the elements in the ArrayList , use the clear() method:

ArrayList Size

To find out how many elements an ArrayList have, use the size method:

Loop Through an ArrayList

Loop through the elements of an ArrayList with a for loop, and use the size() method to specify how many times the loop should run:

You can also loop through an ArrayList with the for-each loop:

Other Types

Elements in an ArrayList are actually objects. In the examples above, we created elements (objects) of type "String". Remember that a String in Java is an object (not a primitive type). To use other types, such as int, you must specify an equivalent wrapper class : Integer . For other primitive types, use: Boolean for boolean, Character for char, Double for double, etc:

Create an ArrayList to store numbers (add elements of type Integer ):

Sort an ArrayList

Another useful class in the java.util package is the Collections class, which include the sort() method for sorting lists alphabetically or numerically:

Sort an ArrayList of Strings:

Sort an ArrayList of Integers:

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COMMENTS

  1. Java array assignment (multiple values)

    Yes: float [] values = {0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f}; This syntax is only permissible in an initializer. You cannot use it in an assignment, where the following is the best you can do: values = new float [3]; or values = new float [] {0.1f, 0.2f, 0.3f}; Trying to find a reference in the language spec for this, but it's as unreadable as ever.

  2. Array Variable Assignment in Java

    Array Variable Assignment in Java Read Practice An array is a collection of similar types of data in a contiguous location in memory. After Declaring an array we create and assign it a value or variable. During the assignment variable of the array things, we have to remember and have to check the below condition. 1. Element Level Promotion

  3. Arrays in Java

    Practice Video In Java, Array is a group of like-typed variables referred to by a common name. Arrays in Java work differently than they do in C/C++. Following are some important points about Java arrays. Arrays in Java In Java, all arrays are dynamically allocated. (discussed below)

  4. Arrays in Java: A Reference Guide

    Introduction In this tutorial, we'll deep dive into a core concept in the Java language - arrays. We'll first see what's an array, then how to use them; overall, we'll cover how to: Get started with arrays Read and write arrays elements Loop over an array Transform arrays into other objects like List or Streams Sort, search and combine arrays 2.

  5. Java Array (With Examples)

    In Java, we can initialize arrays during declaration. For example, //declare and initialize and array int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5}; Here, we have created an array named age and initialized it with the values inside the curly brackets. Note that we have not provided the size of the array.

  6. Initializing Arrays in Java

    Discover different ways of initializing arrays in Java. The java.util.Arrays class has several methods named fill(), which accept different types of arguments and fill the whole array with the same value:. long array[] = new long[5]; Arrays.fill(array, 30); The method also has several alternatives, which set the range of an array to a particular value:

  7. Arrays (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language > Language Basics)

    Arrays An array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed. You have seen an example of arrays already, in the main method of the "Hello World!" application. This section discusses arrays in greater detail.

  8. How To Use Arrays in Java

    password = Arrays.copyOf ( password, 10); In the preceding example, you reassign the value of password to a new array. This new array is the result of copying the old password array to a new array with a length of 10 elements. To copy it, you used the method Arrays.copyOf (), which accepts two arguments.

  9. Java Arrays

    Java Arrays Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value. To declare an array, define the variable type with square brackets: String[] cars; We have now declared a variable that holds an array of strings.

  10. Assigning arrays in Java.

    You can initialize the array by assigning values to all the elements one by one using the index − myArray [0] = 101; myArray [1] = 102; Assigning values to an array When we assign primitive values of one type to a variable of other (datatype) implicitly they are converted.

  11. Creating a Generic Array in Java

    a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), size); Notice how it makes use of Array#newInstance to build a new array, like in our previous stack example. We can also see that parameter a is used to provide a type to Array#newInstance. Finally, the result from Array#newInstance is cast to T[] to create a generic ...

  12. Multidimensional Arrays in Java

    Size of multidimensional arrays: The total number of elements that can be stored in a multidimensional array can be calculated by multiplying the size of all the dimensions. For example: The array int [] [] x = new int [10] [20] can store a total of (10*20) = 200 elements. Similarly, array int [] [] [] x = new int [5] [10] [20] can store a ...

  13. Java Array

    Syntax to Declare an Array in Java dataType [] arr; (or) dataType []arr; (or) dataType arr []; Instantiation of an Array in Java arrayRefVar=new datatype [size]; Example of Java Array Let's see the simple example of java array, where we are going to declare, instantiate, initialize and traverse an array.

  14. How to make an array of arrays in Java

    How to make an array of arrays in Java Ask Question Asked 13 years, 1 month ago Modified 6 years, 7 months ago Viewed 452k times 146 Hypothetically, I have 5 string array objects: String[] array1 = new String[]; String[] array2 = new String[]; String[] array3 = new String[]; String[] array4 = new String[]; String[] array5 = new String[];

  15. Java Array assignment

    Java Reference Array Assignment. If an array is declared as a reference type then you can assign any other array reference which is a subtype of the declared reference type, i.e.) it should pass the "IS-A relationship". Following is an example of reference array assignment. animals = cats; //OK. Cat IS-A Animal.

  16. Java Array explained with examples

    Array is a collection of elements of same type. For example an int array contains integer elements and a String array contains String elements. The elements of Array are stored in contiguous locations in the memory. This is how an array looks like: int number[] = new int[10] Here number is the array name. The type of the array is integer, which ...

  17. Interesting facts about Array assignment in Java

    Prerequisite : Arrays in Java While working with arrays we have to do 3 tasks namely declaration, creation, initialization or Assignment. Declaration of array : int [] arr; Creation of array : // Here we create an array of size 3 int [] arr = new int [3]; Initialization of array :

  18. Assigning an array to an ArrayList in Java

    4 Answers Sorted by: 42 You can use Arrays.asList (): Type [] anArray = ... ArrayList<Type> aList = new ArrayList<Type> (Arrays.asList (anArray)); or alternatively, Collections.addAll (): ArrayList<Type> aList = new ArrayList<Type> (); Collections.addAll (theList, anArray);

  19. Java Assignment 5 (txt)

    Java Assignment 5 Write a Java program to test if an array contains a specific value. SOLUTION // Define a class named Exercise5. public class Exercise5 { // Define a method 'contains' that checks if an integer array 'arr' contains a given 'item'. public static boolean contains(int[] arr, int item) { // Iterate through each element 'n' in the array 'arr'.

  20. Java ArrayList

    Java ArrayList The ArrayList class is a resizable array, which can be found in the java.util package. The difference between a built-in array and an ArrayList in Java, is that the size of an array cannot be modified (if you want to add or remove elements to/from an array, you have to create a new one).

  21. Problem with assigning an array to other array in Java

    4 Answers Sorted by: 39 The following statement makes val2 refer to the same array as val1: int [] val2 = val1; If you want to make a copy, you could use val1.clone () or Arrays.copyOf (): int [] val2 = Arrays.copyOf (val1, val1.length);

  22. String Array Assignment in Java

    java arrays variable-assignment Share Improve this question Follow asked Sep 24, 2018 at 9:21 Stephen Allen 65 1 10 4 The compiler want's you to specifiy that {"foo", ...} is meant to be an array, so use new String [] {"foo", ...}.