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Gender-Based Violence in Punjab: An Analysis of Punjab Protection of Women against Violence Act, 2016

Profile image of Sara Ahmad

2023, Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies

Pakistan still has a patriarchal and feudal social structure where women face violence and discrimination for being women in every sphere of their lives. Over the decades, to reduce the violence and discrimination against women, the government have taken several legislative measures to ensure an improved and equal status for women, but the situation has not been much improved. It is argued that the underlying reason lies in the lack of will at the implementation stage, where male-dominated government institutions support the patriarchal structures. However, the government of Punjab took legislative measures, in the form of the Punjab Protection of Women against Violence Act (PPWVA) 2016, to protect women from violence and abuse, and to provide justice. The objective of this study is to analyse the situation of violence against women in Punjab and examine the formulation and implementation process of legislation in Punjab for the protection of women against violence, and suggest recommendations for effective implementation of the law.

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This article discovers by facilitating a brief recognition of Gender-based violence (hereinafter GBV) and its impact in society as breach of human rights which administration is abandoning for years. It’s a misery for our country to lack in making good policies regarding gender disputes and social rights related to human beings. The article reconnoitres different behaviours in which women are being victimized, degree of violence, its effect on victims and society at large. The current investigation will also covers adequacy of prevailing laws for women’s safety; acquiescence by Government and to what extent Pakistan fulfils its legal pledge related to CEDAW? Moreover flaw existing in CEDAW and Pakistan’s current debate in parliament to have new regulations in this sphere is also being discussed. In the end, suggestions and recommendations are made for Government, United Nations and Global Community for applied purpose through which women can be provided legal safeguard.

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This study aims at highlighting common types of violence against women in Punjab, then present research discusses varying trends of violence against women in this province and efforts, which were taken by media, police, government of Punjab and civil society organizations, to combat violence against women were analyzed in broader context. Combating violence, it needs emergency measures to be taken and redefine continued efforts. Thus, it is suggested that it is the need of the hour to pave way for women friendly legislations and prohibits all practices of women violence by improving efficacy of existing policies for combating women violence.

PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW

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Condition of Gender based violence and human rights law in Pakistan

Aim of the research is to understand Gender Based violence and its existence in contemporary democratic Pakistan. Due to the limited scope of this dissertation, my analysis will be restricted to lack of adequate protection or support given to the women victims. My research carefully considers the differences in the interpretation of secular and Islamic laws, this helped to evaluate the manipulation by the politicians, clergymen and tribal leaders who continue to justify violence against women with erroneous Sharia interpretations or cover it up as a cultural practice. This paper also includes a field research with ex-chairperson of All Pakistan Women Association, UK. Considering there are many Pakistani NGOs with their head office branches in London, I hope that this paper can prove to be part of their discussions in conferences. Gender sensitive topics are still considered a ‘taboo’ in Pakistan and even though after seeing statistics, hundreds of literature and media reports, there are people who would continue to deny its existence Thus, depriving Pakistan of a positive global status. This dissertation is on my area of interest and my voice for the people who are committed to achieve equality for women, I would want my paper to contribute to the mind-set that wishes to make Pakistan a secure place for its citizens regardless of gender, religion or any discrimination.

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The current study is intended to evaluate the kinds of violence such as domestic violence, sexist violence, male violence, etc. against women and girls, prevalent in Pakistan, and suggest possible sociological solutions. The basic premise of this study maintains that in the era of globalization, the prime vehicle of development is ‘human capital’, of which women not only constitute a half, but are also the ‘means’ to bring the other half into existence, and cater to the nurturing and grooming of all. Thus, women hold a pivotal role in human resource development. Even for this strategic position, researches find that women are the marginalized, oppressed and often victimized members of every society across the globe, since time immemorial. The aim of this sociological research is to analyze the underlying factors of violence against women in Pakistan and to understand the local situation in the context of the global discourse on the issue, to briefly analyze the role of media; and to...

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The issue of violence against women, deeply ingrained into the culture of Pakistan, has recently caught the attention of the increasingly active and effective civil society in the country. Both national and international organizations continue to work towards alleviating the issue at large. However, a major barrier towards tackling the issue at hand is the overlapping nature of the culture and religion that has put forth the topic of violence against women as a taboo in the society. Religious misinterpretations alongside cultural norms and the ineffective implementation of laws have led to a weak status of women in Pakistan where it is difficult for women to voice their opinions or claim their rights.

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Women status in Pakistan is a complicated phenomenon due to multi-cultural ethnicities. The situation of women in Pakistan is lamentable because of nonimplementation of pro-women legislation. The focus of my study is to unveil the lacunas and the barricades in the enforcement of laws. These barricades provide a vacant ground to the violence, injustice, gender inequality and cruelty against women which has become an integral value and staunch belief of a society. My findings from qualitative and quantitative data analysis clearly depicts that numerous multifarious dimensions and immense obstructions are prominent in the way of women protection laws. Such as intrinsic challenges including; dominating and misogynistic behavior of men against women, confession of the fact of women command in the possession of men and privilege and dignity acquired by men and contrary to this social ignorance and neglecting attitude towards women. Simultaneously extrinsic challenges such as; cultural ben...

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An embodied political analysis of violence against women: Understanding female feticide in Punjab

  • Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of (SSBS)

Research output : Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Formal equality for Sikh women is explicitly enshrined in Indian and Sikh law. Despite formal guarantees of equality, Sikh women experience pervasive violence against women (VAW). I consider female feticide among Sikhs as one example of VAW. In particular, I examine current feminist explanations of VAW in Sikh and Punjab Studies and extend these explanations by bringing the symbolic and physical body into a single analysis because the symbolic body is mediated through contextual, situated, and embodied practice. I argue that we cannot equate the adoption of formal or religious laws with effective implementation or enforcement. Rather, I call for a critical examination of the gap between formal and religious law and women's lived reality to demonstrate how gender determines who is most vulnerable to violence, and to reveal how a singular focus on the symbolic body may maintain and perpetuate the very gender violence feminists seek to eradicate.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Geography, Planning and Development
  • Development
  • Political Science and International Relations

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  • Violence against Women Arts & Humanities 100%
  • violence Earth & Environmental Sciences 69%
  • Punjab Arts & Humanities 66%
  • Sikh Arts & Humanities 65%
  • woman Earth & Environmental Sciences 50%
  • Equality Business & Economics 34%
  • Religious Law Arts & Humanities 28%
  • gender Earth & Environmental Sciences 18%

T1 - An embodied political analysis of violence against women

T2 - Understanding female feticide in Punjab

AU - Behl, Natasha

PY - 2014/3/1

Y1 - 2014/3/1

N2 - Formal equality for Sikh women is explicitly enshrined in Indian and Sikh law. Despite formal guarantees of equality, Sikh women experience pervasive violence against women (VAW). I consider female feticide among Sikhs as one example of VAW. In particular, I examine current feminist explanations of VAW in Sikh and Punjab Studies and extend these explanations by bringing the symbolic and physical body into a single analysis because the symbolic body is mediated through contextual, situated, and embodied practice. I argue that we cannot equate the adoption of formal or religious laws with effective implementation or enforcement. Rather, I call for a critical examination of the gap between formal and religious law and women's lived reality to demonstrate how gender determines who is most vulnerable to violence, and to reveal how a singular focus on the symbolic body may maintain and perpetuate the very gender violence feminists seek to eradicate.

AB - Formal equality for Sikh women is explicitly enshrined in Indian and Sikh law. Despite formal guarantees of equality, Sikh women experience pervasive violence against women (VAW). I consider female feticide among Sikhs as one example of VAW. In particular, I examine current feminist explanations of VAW in Sikh and Punjab Studies and extend these explanations by bringing the symbolic and physical body into a single analysis because the symbolic body is mediated through contextual, situated, and embodied practice. I argue that we cannot equate the adoption of formal or religious laws with effective implementation or enforcement. Rather, I call for a critical examination of the gap between formal and religious law and women's lived reality to demonstrate how gender determines who is most vulnerable to violence, and to reveal how a singular focus on the symbolic body may maintain and perpetuate the very gender violence feminists seek to eradicate.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84994403115&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84994403115

SN - 0971-5223

JO - Journal of Punjab Studies

JF - Journal of Punjab Studies

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Toxic Masculinity and the Construction of Punjabi Women in Music Videos

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  • Published: 02 August 2020
  • Volume 38 , pages 200–209, ( 2021 )

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  • Jaspreet Bal   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-0726 1  

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Toxic masculinity fosters the domination and devaluation of women, often resulting in overt violence. As Punjabi women within Punjab and in diaspora have moved into the digital space, so has the reproduction of their womanhood. This paper serves to look at one of the many complex overlapping and intersecting trends that contributes to these constructions; Punjabi music videos. The author looked at the top 20 most viewed Punjabi music videos on YouTube in 2017 and coded for the gender of the producers and singers, as well as coding for themes in the final product. Major themes included that women were powerless, were objects to be acquired, were in need of saving, and were unable to consent. As an alternative to these toxic representations, the author suggests that the political potential of the multitude can be used to imagine digital spaces as sites of resistance where women reclaim telling their stories.

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Jaspreet Bal

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Appendix A: Full List of Videos Analyzed

Aulakh, M. [Speed Records]. (2016, Nov 17). Kadar. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BgrJ4k5FtE .

Dharia, P. [White Hill Music]. (2017, Feb 20). Na ja. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-GOFPM01d0 .

Dhami, J. [Jaz Dhami]. (2012, Sept 5). High heels. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tkgad9gngOQ .

Dosanjh, D. [Speed Records]. (2014, Nov 17). Patiala peg. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xB9-dsTC_0U .

Dosanjh, D. [Speed Records]. (2015, Dec 18). 5 taara. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsTW5cyWKj4 .

Dosanjh, D. [Speed Records]. (2016, Dec 20). Laembadgini. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtube.com/watch?v=15Sjjl_24x0 .

Gill, J. [Speed Records]. (2014, Oct 14). Bapu zimidar. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOYR3k1VhUQ .

Inder, N. [Times Music]. (2015, Sept 8). Wakhra swag [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMdH_G4N9nY .

Mann, S. [T-Series Apna Punjab]. (2016, Dec 17) 3 peg [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzTg4zPBtDU .

Mehndi, D. [Soni Music India VEVO]. (2014, March 21). Tunak tunak [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTIIMJ9tUc8 .

Pasreja, A. [Crown Records]. (2016, Feb 13). Khaab [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBuLUidR9r0 .

Randhawa, G. [T-Series]. (2015, April 2). Patola [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btxXHe2E4CQ .

Randhawa, G. [T-Series]. (2016, Jun 24). Suit [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQ763VvqiEM .

Sandhu, H. [T-Series]. (2016, Apr 12). Hornn blow [Video]. YouTube. https://youtube.com/watch?v=IssysxAisfo .

Sandhu, H. [T-Series]. (2017, Jan5). Backbone [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqGtrvcR5ls .

Singh S. [T-Series]. (2015, OCT 10). All black [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReXw6TOnUOc .

Singh S. [T-Series]. (2016, Sept 9). Suicide [Video]. YouTube. https://youtube.com/watch?v=9p7TiGx7b-4 .

Sisodia, A. P. S. [Soni Music India]. (2017, Apr 1). Mercy [Video]. YouTube. https://youtube.com/watch?v=Jyst8oIHOAY .

Star, J. [J STAR Productions]. (2015, Feb 18). Na nan a na [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBuLUidR9r0 .

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Bal, J. Toxic Masculinity and the Construction of Punjabi Women in Music Videos. Gend. Issues 38 , 200–209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-020-09264-1

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    Toxic masculinity fosters the domination and devaluation of women, often resulting in overt violence. As Punjabi women within Punjab and in diaspora have moved into the digital space, so has the reproduction of their womanhood. This paper serves to look at one of the many complex overlapping and intersecting trends that contributes to these constructions; Punjabi music videos. The author ...

  19. PDF The Political Economy of Violence: Gender, Sexuality and SDGs

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  20. Punjab Commission on the Status of Women

    Introduction. The Punjab Commission on Status of Women (PCSW) engages in research, advocacy, redressal, accountability, rehabilitation, awareness, capacity building, and monitoring to achieve the objectives of women's empowerment and preventing gender based violence.It mainly works and lobbies with lawmakers, parliamentarians and other decision-makers for promotion of laws and regulations ...

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    Abstract Purpose: Women empowerment is a rapidly growing theme that inspires women to feel courageous and do what they feel they cannot do. Women seem far behind compared to men when it comes to...

  22. Slow violence in post-1984 Punjab: Remembering, forgetting and refusals

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    PDF | On Jul 21, 2022, Nabila Akhtar and others published The Role of Women Police in Eradicating Violence Against Women: A Case Study of Punjab | Find, read and cite all the research you...