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What is Information Technology and its Benefits?

Delve into the world of Information Technology (IT), unravelling its core concepts and the multitude of benefits it offers. This comprehensive guide illuminates how IT revolutionises communication, optimises operations, and fosters innovation, becoming an indispensable part of modern life.

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There are many benefits that you can avail of from Information Technology. Now, it has become a basic thing in our daily life activities. Individuals can attain several potentials with Information Technology to upscale their careers. Read this blog to learn more about Information Technology, such as What is Information Technology, why it is important, what is the role of Information Technology in different fields and much more.   

Table of Contents   

1) What is Information Technology?  

2)  Role of Information Technology 

3)  Importance of Information Technology 

4)  What are the services of Information Technology?  

5)  Types of Information Technology 

6)   Conclusion  

What is Information Technology ?  

Information Technology utilises computer systems or devices to access information. It is a mixture of both technology and information. This system is accountable for the broad area of any business operation, workforce, and personal information. It deeply impacts our daily lives. It is a very common technology that is used by each and every organisation to enhance their business skills. An individual can use this for both commercial and personal purposes. International companies are moving forward towards Information technology for managing and innovating data based on their processes. Flea Market sellers are one of the best examples of Information Technology that uses smartphone credit card readers for collecting payments from street performers through Venmo names. Another example of Information Technology is using a spreadsheet for monitoring your monthly expenses.       

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Role of Information Technology  

After a thorough understanding of What is Information Technology, now it is time to understand the role of Information Technology. Information Technology plays a vast role and delivers a foundation for the present workforce of any business organisation. Whether it is communication or data management, Information Technology has made its own place in enhancing productivity to its peak. Now, we will understand the role of Information Technology in different industries .   

Business  

  Information Technology is a crucial need for numerous businesses. In today's information-driven thrift, a lot of business operations depend on Information Technology systems, particularly network, computer and data management systems. In various organisations, people utilise computers and general or industry-specific applications to execute their job functions. For instance, accounting departments now utilise software to draft financial statements and other bookkeeping functions. The human resources utilise technical applications to handle every part of recruitment, training, employee compensation and termination. The same involves in project management, sales, manufacturing, marketing and security. 

Education  

Information Technology has transformed the educational field in profound ways. It has become a basic tool for both educators and students, changing the teaching and learning processes. In today’s educational landscape, IT serves many critical roles. It enhances accessibility to educational resources by providing a wealth of online material, including textbooks, research articles and interactive learning platforms. IT enables innovative teaching methods through multimedia presentations, virtual classrooms and online collaborations. IT supports administrative functions in educational institutions, from managing student records and scheduling to facilitating communication between educators, students and parents.   

Banking  

Information technology (IT) has played a transformative role in banking, revolutioni sing how financial institutions operate and deliver services to customers. It has become the backbone of modern banking, impacting various aspects of the industry. Information technology has automated many banking processes, significantly improving efficiency. Transaction processing, account management, and customer service can now be handled with minimal manual intervention. This has not only reduced operational costs but also reduced the risk of human errors. 

Information Technology plays a transformative role in the e-commerce industry. IT departments are responsible for designing, developing and maintaining e-commerce websites and mobile applications. It also facilitates secure online transactions by integrating with various payment gateways and processing various payment methods such as credit cards, wallets, and cryptocurrencies. E-commerce is highly dependent on IT systems to track and manage inventory in real time. It also helps in streamlining order processing, packaging and shipping.   

Employment  

Information Technology plays an important role in employment by creating jobs, enhancing productivity and facilitating remote work opportunities. It fuels job growth in tech-related fields such as software development, cybersecurity and data analysis. It also enables automation and efficiency across various industries, ultimately driving economic expansion and offering diverse employment prospects.   

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Importance of Information Technology  

Importance of Information Technology

Information Technology holds a huge importance because of various reasons. Let’s understand the following reasons.   

1)  Facilitates communication : Information Technology has transformed the way people communicate with each other. Due to the Internet, smart devices, and social media, transferring information globally now takes seconds, and this has transformed how companies operate their business and engage with their consumers. Many companies, including small single-person businesses, now have a digital presence. The Internet allows companies to engage audiences through various channels and will enable companies to hire talent, create partnerships, and create their brand reputation with fixed budgets. 

2)   Enhance data storage and management : Information Technology has also transformed the way individuals and businesses store and manage their data. Due to advancement in technology, there are a lot of businesses now use digital databases, which consumes less space and is very cheap to operate and also protect from physical damage. There are many databases which can store, retrieve and process data very fast, and companies can decide whether they want to maintain their data systems on the cloud or on-premises.   

3)  Protects critical system : A branch of Information Technology assists in securing computer systems, networks and databases. IT security safeguards infrastructure from attacks and assists in retrieving data after technological tragedies. Information technology not only lets businesses conduct their operations seamlessly, but it also delivers standards and protocols to protect data, like consumer information and trade secrets. 

4)  Boosts efficiency and productivity: The most important benefit of Information Technology is that it helps in boosting efficiency and productivity. With the help of digital systems, organisations can perform their tasks much faster than in manual ways. There are computer applications for different tasks you want to accomplish , which allow people to finish tasks quickly with rarer mistakes. Whether you want to do accounting calculations or operate on large amounts of data, IT supplies tools to facilitate and shorten work time. 

5)  Supports flexible work arrangements: Information Technology is also evolving how people work by offering the infrastructure to encourage flexible arrangements, like telecommuting and remote work. Because of collaborating tools, contractors or employees can work from any location according to their choices while still collaborating with their team .    

6)  Education and learning: Information technology has changed the education system by providing access to a wealth of educational resources online. Digital textbooks, e-learning platforms and educational apps make learning more accessible and flexible.  

7)  Healthcare advancement : Information Technology has revolutionised healthcare with electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine and data analytics. It is helpful in improving patient care, diagnosis and research while enhancing the overall healthcare system’s efficiency.   

8)  Globalisation: Information Technology has played a very important role in globalisation by breaking down geographical barriers. Companies can expand their markets and operations worldwide, and individuals can connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds, fostering a global community. 

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What are the services of Information Technology? 

Information Technology provides a variety of services and functions that are essential for businesses, organisations and individuals. Here are some of the common services of Information Technology.   

1)  Hardware and software support: IT teams are responsible for the maintenance, repair and management of computer hardware and software to make sure they work in a proper way.   

2)  Network services : IT professionals design, implement and maintain network infrastructure, including wire and wireless networks, routers, switches and firewalls. They make sure data can be transmitted safely and efficiently within an organisation.   

3)  Data management : IT manages the data throughout its lifecycle, from collecting and storage to processing and retrieval. This includes data backups, disaster recovery planning and data control to ensure data quality and compliance with regulations. 

4 )  Help desk and user support: IT department provide s help desk services to assist users with technical issues, troubleshoot problems and offer guidance to use hardware and software effectively.  

5)   Application development : IT teams develop a custom software application which is tailored to the needs of an organisation. This includes web and mobile app development, database design and software integration.  

6)  Project management : IT project managers plan, execute and oversee technology projects, ensuring that they are completed on time and within a fixed budget. They also manage project resources and communicate progress to the stakeholders. 

7) IT Training and Education: IT departments usually provide training and educational resources to assist users and staff in becoming proficient in using technology effectively.   

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Types of Information Technology 

There are many different fields which come under Information Technology. You can choose any of the IT specialities depending on your choice and interests. 

1)  Analytics :  Analytics is the procedure of determining, analysing, visualising and showing trends and patterns in data. Multiple business operations generate immense amounts of data, and companies need the skills of IT analysts who can make sense of their data. For instance, websites, social media and a lot of third-party software, like POS terminals, generate data that can assist companies in improving their operations. By examining the data, businesses can uncover trends and patterns that can direct their decision-making and operations. 

2)  Automation : Automation in Information Technology is the procedure of replacing repetitive processes with systems and software to reduce manual tasks and interventions. Automation makes the work much faster and also helps in eradicating the cost of operations. There are several fields that can benefit from IT automation, such as customer support, data processing and error logging.    

3)  Cloud computing: It is the procedure of delivering cloud computing services over the Internet. With the assistance of cloud computing, businesses can have access to the storage, servers, databases, analytics and proprietary without incorporating any infrastructure on their premises. Cloud computing offers higher flexibility and creation and can support businesses in reducing costs while relishing economies of scale. There are various roles in cloud computing for software engineers, developers and administrators. 

4)  Cybersecurity : Cybersecurity is the process of protecting Information Technology infrastructure, which is connected to the Internet against cyber threats. Companies require cybersecurity professionals to safeguard their IT systems from unauthorised access. There are some tools, such as anti-spyware, firewalls and anti-virus software, which are helpful in preventing malicious attacks.    

5)  Networking : Networking in IT refers to connecting computers and other devices to share information and resources. It involves designing, configuring, managing, and maintaining both local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Networking technologies like routers, switches, and protocols like TCP/IP enable data transfer and communication between devices, facilitating data sharing, internet access, and various IT services. Networking is essential for modern businesses, the internet, and communication systems. 

Conclusion 

So, now we hope that you have a better understanding of What is Information Technology. In this blog, we have covered What information technology is, why it is important, its key roles in different industries, and the different types of Informational Technology. Informational Technology supports the modern technological industry. This helps in making the business grow and flourish. Additionally, it helps in making informed decisions regarding the various aspects of the technology benefits.   

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Introduction to Information Technology

Information technology ( IT ) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data , [1] often in the context of a business or other enterprise. [2]

The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware , software , electronics , semiconductors , internet , telecommunications equipment , engineering , healthcare , e-commerce and computer services. [3] [a]

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians developed writing in about 3000 BC, [5] but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review ; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. [6]

Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish among four distinct phases of IT development: the pre-mechanical era (3000 BC – 1450 AD), the mechanical phase (1450–1840), the electromechanical phase (1840–1940) and the electronic age (1940–present). [5] This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.

  • 1 History of computer technology
  • 2.1.1 Databases
  • 2.2 Data retrieval
  • 2.3 Data transmission
  • 2.4 Data manipulation
  • 3.1 Academic perspective
  • 3.2 Ethical perspective
  • 5 References

History of computer technology [ edit | edit source ]

what is information technology assignment

Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick . [7] The Antikythera mechanism , dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer , and the earliest known geared mechanism. [8] Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, [9] and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. [10]

Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse , completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus , developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer. Although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring. [11] The first recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), which ran its first program on 21 June 1948. [12]

The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I , contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison the first transistorized computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 165 watts in its final version. [13]

Data processing [ edit | edit source ]

Data storage [ edit | edit source ].

what is information technology assignment

Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape , a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. [14] Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. [15] The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube , based on a standard cathode ray tube , [16] but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum , invented in 1932 [17] and used in the Ferranti Mark 1 , the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer. [18]

IBM introduced the first hard disk drive in 1956, as a component of their 305 RAMAC computer system. [19] Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard disks, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs . [20] Until 2002 most information was stored on analog devices , but that year digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. As of 2007 almost 94% of the data stored worldwide was held digitally: [21] 52% on hard disks, 28% on optical devices and 11% on digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that the worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007, [22] doubling roughly every 3 years. [23]

Databases [ edit | edit source ]

Database management systems emerged in the 1960s [24] to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly. One of the earliest such systems was IBM's Information Management System (IMS), [24] which is still widely deployed more than 40 years later. [25] IMS stores data hierarchically , [24] but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and the familiar concepts of tables, rows and columns. The first commercially available relational database management system (RDBMS) was available from Oracle in 1980. [26]

All database management systems consist of a number of components that together allow the data they store to be accessed simultaneously by many users while maintaining its integrity. A characteristic of all databases is that the structure of the data they contain is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema . [24]

The extensible markup language (XML) has become a popular format for data representation in recent years. Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems , it is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort". [27] As an evolution of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), XML's text-based structure offers the advantage of being both machine and human-readable. [28]

Data retrieval [ edit | edit source ]

The relational database model introduced a programming-language independent Structured Query Language (SQL), based on relational algebra . [26]

The terms "data" and "information" are not synonymous. Anything stored is data, but it only becomes information when it is organized and presented meaningfully. [29] Most of the world's digital data is unstructured, and stored in a variety of different physical formats [30] [b] even within a single organization. Data warehouses began to be developed in the 1980s to integrate these disparate stores. They typically contain data extracted from various sources, including external sources such as the Internet, organized in such a way as to facilitate decision support systems (DSS). [31]

Data transmission [ edit | edit source ]

Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. [32] It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting , in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications , with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels. [22]

XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s, [33] particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP , [34] describing "data-in-transit rather than ... data-at-rest". [33] One of the challenges of such usage is converting data from relational databases into XML Document Object Model (DOM) structures. [35]

Data manipulation [ edit | edit source ]

Hilbert and Lopez identify the exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law ): machines' application-specific capacity to compute information per capita roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986 and 2007; the per capita capacity of the world's general-purpose computers doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the world's storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled every 12.3 years. [22]

Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analysed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited". [36] To address that issue, the field of data mining – "the process of discovering interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data" [37]  – emerged in the late 1980s. [38]

Perspective [ edit | edit source ]

Academic perspective [ edit | edit source ].

In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as "undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations .... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and maintaining those applications for the organization’s computer users." [39]

Ethical perspective [ edit | edit source ]

The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s. [40] Some of the ethical issues associated with the use of information technology include: [41]

  • Breaches of copyright by those downloading files stored without the permission of the copyright holders
  • Employers monitoring their employees' emails and other Internet usage
  • Unsolicited emails
  • Hackers accessing online databases
  • Web sites installing cookies or spyware to monitor a user's online activities

See Also [ edit | edit source ]

  • Information Technology
  • Information Systems

References [ edit | edit source ]

  • ↑ On the later more broad application of the term IT, Keary comments: "In its original application 'information technology' was appropriate to describe the convergence of technologies with application in the broad field of data storage, retrieval, processing, and dissemination. This useful conceptual term has since been converted to what purports to be concrete use, but without the reinforcement of definition ... the term IT lacks substance when applied to the name of any function, discipline, or position." [4]
  • ↑ "Format" refers to the physical characteristics of the stored data such as its encoding scheme; "structure" describes the organisation of that data.
  • ↑ "Free on-line dictionary of computing (FOLDOC)" . Retrieved 9 February 2013 .
  • ↑ Chandler, Daniel; Munday, Rod, "Information technology", A Dictionary of Media and Communication (first ed.), Oxford University Press , retrieved 1 August 2012 Template:Subscription required
  • ↑ Ralston, Hemmendinger & Reilly (2000) , p. 869
  • ↑ 5.0 5.1 Butler, Jeremy G., A History of Information Technology and Systems , University of Arizona , retrieved 2 August 2012
  • ↑ Leavitt, Harold J.; Whisler, Thomas L. (1958), "Management in the 1980s" , Harvard Business Review , 11
  • ↑ Schmandt-Besserat, Denise (1981), "Decipherment of the earliest tablets", Science , 211 (4479): 283–85, doi : 10.1126/science.211.4479.283 , PMID   17748027 Template:Subscription required
  • ↑ Wright (2012) , p. 279
  • ↑ Childress (2000) , p. 94
  • ↑ Chaudhuri (2004) , p. 3
  • ↑ Lavington (1980)
  • ↑ Enticknap, Nicholas (Summer 1998), "Computing's Golden Jubilee" , Resurrection , The Computer Conservation Society (20), ISSN   0958-7403 , retrieved 19 April 2008
  • ↑ Cooke-Yarborough, E. H. (June 1998), "Some early transistor applications in the UK" , Engineering and Science Education Journal , IEE, 7 (3): 100–106, doi : 10.1049/esej:19980301 , ISSN   0963-7346 , retrieved 7 June 2009 Template:Subscription required
  • ↑ Alavudeen & Venkateshwaran (2010) , p. 178
  • ↑ Lavington (1998) , p. 1
  • ↑ "Early computers at Manchester University" , Resurrection , The Computer Conservation Society, 1 (4), Summer 1992, ISSN   0958-7403 , retrieved 19 April 2008
  • ↑ Universität Klagenfurt (ed.), "Magnetic drum" , Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics , retrieved 21 August 2011
  • ↑ The Manchester Mark 1 , University of Manchester , retrieved 24 January 2009
  • ↑ Khurshudov (2001) , p. 6
  • ↑ Wang & Taratorin (1999) , pp. 4–5.
  • ↑ Wu, Suzanne, "How Much Information Is There in the World?" , USC News , University of Southern California , retrieved 10 September 2013
  • ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (1 April 2011), "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information" , Science , 332 (6025): 60–65, doi : 10.1126/science.1200970 , PMID   21310967 , retrieved 10 September 2013
  • ↑ "Americas events- Video animation on The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information from 1986 to 2010" . The Economist .
  • ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Ward & Dafoulas (2006) , p. 2
  • ↑ Olofson, Carl W. (October 2009), A Platform for Enterprise Data Services (PDF) , IDC , retrieved 7 August 2012
  • ↑ 26.0 26.1 Ward & Dafoulas (2006) , p. 3
  • ↑ Pardede (2009) , p. 2
  • ↑ Pardede2 (2009) , p. 4 sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPardede22009 ( help )
  • ↑ Kedar (2009) , pp. 1–9
  • ↑ van der Aalst (2011) , p. 2
  • ↑ Dyché (2000) , pp. 4–6
  • ↑ Weik (2000) , p. 361
  • ↑ 33.0 33.1 Pardede (2009) , p. xiii.
  • ↑ Pardede (2009) , p. 4.
  • ↑ Lewis (2003) , pp. 228–31.
  • ↑ Han, Kamber & Pei (2011) , p. 5
  • ↑ Han, Kamber & Pei (2011) , p. 8
  • ↑ Han, Kamber & Pei (2011) , p. xxiii
  • ↑ The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report (pdf)
  • ↑ Bynum (2008) , p. 9.
  • ↑ Reynolds (2009) , pp. 20–21.

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Introduction to Information Technology (IT)

What information technology professionals do for their work and career

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The terms "information technology" and "IT" are widely used in business and the field of computing. People use the terms generically when referring to various kinds of computer-related work, which sometimes confuses their meaning.

What Is Information Technology?

A 1958 article in Harvard Business Review referred to information technology as consisting of three basic parts: computational data processing, decision support, and business software. This time period marked the beginning of IT as an officially defined area of business; in fact, this article probably coined the term.

Over the ensuing decades, many corporations created so-called "IT departments" to manage the computer technologies related to their business. Whatever these departments worked on became the de facto definition of Information Technology, one that has evolved over time. Today, IT departments have responsibilities in areas like computer tech support, business computer network and database administration, business software deployment, and information security.

Especially during the dot-com boom of the 1990s, Information Technology also became associated with aspects of computing beyond those owned by IT departments. This broader definition of IT includes areas like software development, computer systems architecture, and project management.

Information Technology Jobs and Careers

Job posting sites commonly use IT as a category in their databases. The category includes a wide range of jobs across architecture, engineering, and administration functions. People with jobs in these areas typically have college degrees in computer science and/or information systems. They may also possess related industry certifications. Short courses in IT basics can be also be found online and are especially useful for those who want to get some exposure to the field before committing to it as a career.

A career in Information Technology can involve working in or leading IT departments, product development teams, or research groups. Having success in this job field requires a combination of both technical and business skills.

Issues and Challenges in Information Technology

  • As computing systems and capabilities continue expanding worldwide, "data overload" has become an increasingly critical issue for many IT professionals. Efficiently processing huge amounts of data to produce useful business intelligence requires large amounts of processing power, sophisticated software, and human analytic skills.
  • Teamwork and communication skills have also become essential for most businesses to manage the complexity of IT systems. Many IT professionals are responsible for providing service to business users who are not trained in computer networking  or other information technologies but who are instead interested in simply using IT as a tool to get their work done efficiently.
  • System and network security issues are a primary concern for many business executives, as any security incident can potentially damage a company's reputation and cost large sums of money.

Computer Networking and Information Technology

Because networks play a central role in the operation of many companies, business computer networking topics tend to be closely associated with Information Technology. Networking trends that play a key role in IT include:

  • Network capacity and performance: The popularity of online video has greatly increased the demand for network bandwidth both on the Internet and on IT networks. New types of software applications that support richer graphics and deeper interaction with computers also tend to generate larger amounts of data and hence network traffic. Information technology teams must plan appropriately not just for their company's current needs but also this future growth.
  • Mobile and wireless usages: IT network administrators must now support a wide array of smartphones and tablets in addition to traditional PCs and workstations. IT environments tend to require high-performance wireless hotspots with roaming capability. In larger office buildings, deployments are carefully planned and tested to eliminate dead spots and signal interference.
  • Cloud services: Whereas IT shops in the past maintained their own server farms for hosting email and business databases, some have migrated to cloud computing environments where third-party hosting providers maintain the data. This change in computing model dramatically changes the patterns of traffic on a company network, but it also requires significant effort in training employees on this new breed of applications.

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  • > Information Technology

Information Technology - functions, applications & Importance

  • Ritesh Pathak
  • Dec 01, 2020
  • Updated on: May 26, 2021

Information Technology - functions, applications & Importance title banner

Information Technology has gained popularity in the past few years. It has become an integral part of an organization. The reason behind is not a mystery.

The use of technology has increased over the years eventually leading to an increase in demand for Information technology. Nowadays, the IT department is a must for every organization.

The IT industry was not a sector that attracted people towards it but the notion changed and it has changed drastically. Now, people prefer IT as a career option. 

“The number one benefit of information technology is that it empowers people to do what they want to do. It lets people be creative. It lets people be productive. It lets people learn things they didn't think they could learn before, and so in a sense, it is all about potential.” - Steve Ballmer , American Businessman

To study the evolution of Information technology over the years, this blog covers;

1. What is information technology (IT)?

2. Information Technology Functions

3. Why Information technology is important in business?

4. Applications of Information Technology 

What is Information Technology (IT) ?

Information Technology is the use of computers to store, retrieve, share, and manipulate data or information. For some people, IT may be just the people they seek help from to get their technical problems resolved.

We can also call Information Technology an entreaty of technology to figure out administrative issues. The word IT has gained popularity in the area of business and computing.

Today, every organization has its IT department which helps the organization to deal with all kinds of technical issues. 

Recommended blog - Top IT startups

Information Technology Functions

The IT department contributes significantly to an organization’s success that has three broad functions to perform within an organization. They are 

1. Governance

It alludes to the execution of operational boundaries for working units and people's utilization of IT frameworks, engineering, and organizations.

In layman's terms, they authorize the principles about how you and your group can utilize the organization's innovation and what you can utilize it for.

This is essential for the traditional IT security just as the information affirmation for which the IT office is additionally capable. 

2. Infrastructure

It refers to all physical components essential for an IT system. It includes hardware, network, and circuitry of equipment according to the needs and size of the organization. 

3. Functionality

It perhaps is the most important and viable task an IT department performs and this is the reason an IT department is recognized and remembered by others in an organization.

It refers to creating and maintaining operational applications; developing, securing, and storing electronic data that belongs to the organization; and assisting in the use of software and data management to all functional areas of the organization.

(Also check:  Dark Side of Information Technology Industry )

4. Network Contingencies

A network failure can have significant repercussions- not just within the organization but also on the outside entities that take services of the organization. Moreover, 

  • It can affect the outside entities in a way that this situation can portray the organization as incapable of serving them and ultimately they may lose faith in the company.
  • So, what the IT department does is it puts a crisis plan in place that can be implemented when the system goes down. The plan may be to switch to an alternative system until the necessary repairs are completed or have a network backup.
  • Through the upkeep and arranging of an organizational framework, the IT division must manufacture proficient associations with outside sellers and industry specialists.
  • This enables the office representatives to play out their obligations all the more proficiently as well as remain ahead on the most recent innovation that may be fruitful to the organization for which they work.

5. Application Development

Regularly, organizations see the principal part of the IT division as making applications that serve its center business needs. The correct applications allow a business to be imaginative, more gainful, productive, and to push forward of its rivals.

  • From multiple points of view, this makes the IT division urgent in driving a business forward. 
  • The work important to make the applications that can separate a business from the others requires an IT office with developers, researchers, interface designers, database administrators, analyzers, and different experts.

6. Communication

A great many people know that the IT division is liable for the achievement of PC activities and other data advancements inside a business.

  • Notwithstanding, the same number of new types of electronic communication have become staples of the cutting edge office, IT offices have been taking on a more prominent function in the specialized side of organization correspondence.
  • This incorporates highlight point-to-point phone calls, conference calls, and video and web conferences, just as less immediate types of electronic correspondence like organization drives, email frameworks, and secure workers. 
  • The IT office should completely see how these frameworks function and collaborate with one another, and is answerable for guaranteeing that these frameworks stay operational consistently.

7. Company Website

The IT department is responsible, partially if not fully, for creating and maintaining the company’s website. We are saying partially because the content displayed on the website is mostly handled by the Marketing department.

This image shows a company website.

A company website

  • The IT department typically creates the code and works with other departments to test the functionality. These were some of the functions of the IT department.
  • However, It's evident that not all the IT office does is clear - it makes and keeps up numerous frameworks that go concealed or get underestimated by representatives.
  • It makes the crisis reaction intend to shield the business from unexpected issues and continually attempts to improve the whole organization's capacity to work proficiently and successfully.

Why Information Technology is important for Businesses ?

Simply put, the functioning of an organization would slow to a crawl without the contribution of the IT department.

Information technology (IT) benefits the business world and it allows organizations to work more efficiently and maximize productivity and so on, following are the ways by which IT helps in business;

(Recommend blog:   What is the role of technology in business? )

Developed Information Technology increases productivity

In business, people look to complete more tasks in a shorter duration and this can be achieved only if the business has a well-developed Information Technology.

  • Faster communication, electronic storage, and protection of valuable records are the advantages that IT gives an enterprise.
  • Developments in IT are driven by new demands in the competitive business environment on one hand and profound changes in the nature of computers on the other. 
  • Information Technology frameworks come looking like numerous mechanically progressed gadgets that help convey significant data to administrators and hence they utilize this data to settle on vital choice with respect to the tasks of their organization.
  • IT has to do with PC applications, on which practically every workplace is needy.

IT provides electronics storage systems

Information Technology facilitates electronic storage systems that are used by companies to protect their valuable records. Secure maintenance of customer and patient files is vital to business integrity.

  • Information Technology includes a set of tools, processes, and methodologies such as coding/programming, data communications, data conversion, storage and retrieval, systems analysis and design, and systems control.
  • These are employed with equipment that collects, processes, and presents information. 
  • Ever since computers were introduced, it has changed facets of businesses. They use computers and software to ensure that their businesses run smoothly. 

IT security engineering systems

Storage systems, for example, virtual vaults, protect data by just permitting certain clients inside an organization to get to, pull out, add or change the records.

  • IT security engineering systems shield our electronic data from being hacked, or cleared out during a technological disaster.
  • Electronic security engineering means our significant records will stay unapproachable. 
  • Data innovation improves our organization's productivity by creating computerized cycles to take trouble off our staff.

Thus, our representatives are allowed to take a shot at different things while the PC runs their reports, makes questions, tracks tasks, and screens financials.

IT makes remote working possible

IT systems give remote access to an organization's electronic network so that their employees can work from their homes or any remote places. Such that, 

  • This availability permits the organization to build profitability since the employees can, in any case, complete work, in any event, when they aren't truly in the workplace.   

This image shows the Work From Home Setup.

Work From Home Setup

  • Correspondence is basic to the business world, and information technology gives an organization the assets it needs to impart rapidly and adequately.
  • The IT division can connect with representatives via email, video conferencing hardware, and internal chat rooms, so they generally have a proficient method to lead business and impart.

Recommended blog: The 3 major advantages and challenges of Work from home

Applications of Information Technology

Since this technology is so widespread, and its use is not limited to businesses only, the IT has some significant applications other areas of society as well. 

Technology is being leveraged in different sectors and so is the role of IT, let’s look at the role of IT in other areas of society.

1. Education  

Using technological innovations, teachers can set up their understudies for a future overwhelmed with electronic devices including tablets, cell phones, PCs, thus considerably more. Information Technology is assisting with forestalling all the more high school and college dropouts also. 

Take a look at: How Digital Technology Helps in the Education Industry During COVID-19?

Without information technology, online purchases would be unthinkable, and it would be inconceivable for banks to keep these buys secure.

Information Technology has likewise made it quicker and simpler to send or receive money online than any time in recent memory.

3. Healthcare

Improvements in information technology have taken into account extraordinary changes in medical care. As,

  • Most clinical workplaces would now be able to send and get computerized clinical data from specialists you’ve had previously.
  • Changes like this permit expenses to be brought down and increment in the measure of time specialists can spend on patients contrasted with administrative work. 

Recommended blog - Top Healthcare Technologies

4. Security

With endless exchanges done on the web thus much data accessible on the web, it’s critical to keep the entirety of that safe.

  • Information Technology makes it workable for your online information to remain secure until got to by the correct channels.
  • Utilizing passwords and encryption, information technology conceals your own advanced information away, and the only way it can be accessed is by companies who have permission from you. 

5. Communication  

With upgrades in information technology, globalization has expanded. The world is brought nearer, and the economy of the universe is rapidly turning into a solitary reliant framework.

Data can be shared rapidly and effectively from everywhere the globe, and obstructions of phonetic and geographic limits can be neglected as individuals share thoughts and data with one another. 

6. Employment  

Information innovation has likewise made new career openings. Software engineers, data analyzers, equipment and programming designers, and website designers all owe their responsibilities to data innovation. Without such advances, these positions would not exist.

Ending Notes

This blog ends here. While ending the blog, it can be stated that Information technology has gained significant attention in recent years. and they are an integral part of an organization.

Apart from usefulness in businesses, IT has also helped other areas to grow. Since the use of technology has increased, the need to manage that has also increased. 

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Information and communication technology (ICT) in education

Information and communications technology (ict) can impact student learning when teachers are digitally literate and understand how to integrate it into curriculum..

Schools use a diverse set of ICT tools to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information.(6) In some contexts, ICT has also become integral to the teaching-learning interaction, through such approaches as replacing chalkboards with interactive digital whiteboards, using students’ own smartphones or other devices for learning during class time, and the “flipped classroom” model where students watch lectures at home on the computer and use classroom time for more interactive exercises.

When teachers are digitally literate and trained to use ICT, these approaches can lead to higher order thinking skills, provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings, and leave students better prepared to deal with ongoing technological change in society and the workplace.(18)

ICT issues planners must consider include: considering the total cost-benefit equation, supplying and maintaining the requisite infrastructure, and ensuring investments are matched with teacher support and other policies aimed at effective ICT use.(16)

Issues and Discussion

Digital culture and digital literacy: Computer technologies and other aspects of digital culture have changed the ways people live, work, play, and learn, impacting the construction and distribution of knowledge and power around the world.(14) Graduates who are less familiar with digital culture are increasingly at a disadvantage in the national and global economy. Digital literacy—the skills of searching for, discerning, and producing information, as well as the critical use of new media for full participation in society—has thus become an important consideration for curriculum frameworks.(8)

In many countries, digital literacy is being built through the incorporation of information and communication technology (ICT) into schools. Some common educational applications of ICT include:

  • One laptop per child: Less expensive laptops have been designed for use in school on a 1:1 basis with features like lower power consumption, a low cost operating system, and special re-programming and mesh network functions.(42) Despite efforts to reduce costs, however, providing one laptop per child may be too costly for some developing countries.(41)
  • Tablets: Tablets are small personal computers with a touch screen, allowing input without a keyboard or mouse. Inexpensive learning software (“apps”) can be downloaded onto tablets, making them a versatile tool for learning.(7)(25) The most effective apps develop higher order thinking skills and provide creative and individualized options for students to express their understandings.(18)
  • Interactive White Boards or Smart Boards : Interactive white boards allow projected computer images to be displayed, manipulated, dragged, clicked, or copied.(3) Simultaneously, handwritten notes can be taken on the board and saved for later use. Interactive white boards are associated with whole-class instruction rather than student-centred activities.(38) Student engagement is generally higher when ICT is available for student use throughout the classroom.(4)
  • E-readers : E-readers are electronic devices that can hold hundreds of books in digital form, and they are increasingly utilized in the delivery of reading material.(19) Students—both skilled readers and reluctant readers—have had positive responses to the use of e-readers for independent reading.(22) Features of e-readers that can contribute to positive use include their portability and long battery life, response to text, and the ability to define unknown words.(22) Additionally, many classic book titles are available for free in e-book form.
  • Flipped Classrooms: The flipped classroom model, involving lecture and practice at home via computer-guided instruction and interactive learning activities in class, can allow for an expanded curriculum. There is little investigation on the student learning outcomes of flipped classrooms.(5) Student perceptions about flipped classrooms are mixed, but generally positive, as they prefer the cooperative learning activities in class over lecture.(5)(35)

ICT and Teacher Professional Development: Teachers need specific professional development opportunities in order to increase their ability to use ICT for formative learning assessments, individualized instruction, accessing online resources, and for fostering student interaction and collaboration.(15) Such training in ICT should positively impact teachers’ general attitudes towards ICT in the classroom, but it should also provide specific guidance on ICT teaching and learning within each discipline. Without this support, teachers tend to use ICT for skill-based applications, limiting student academic thinking.(32) To sup­port teachers as they change their teaching, it is also essential for education managers, supervisors, teacher educators, and decision makers to be trained in ICT use.(11)

Ensuring benefits of ICT investments: To ensure the investments made in ICT benefit students, additional conditions must be met. School policies need to provide schools with the minimum acceptable infrastructure for ICT, including stable and affordable internet connectivity and security measures such as filters and site blockers. Teacher policies need to target basic ICT literacy skills, ICT use in pedagogical settings, and discipline-specific uses. (21) Successful imple­mentation of ICT requires integration of ICT in the curriculum. Finally, digital content needs to be developed in local languages and reflect local culture. (40) Ongoing technical, human, and organizational supports on all of these issues are needed to ensure access and effective use of ICT. (21)

Resource Constrained Contexts: The total cost of ICT ownership is considerable: training of teachers and administrators, connectivity, technical support, and software, amongst others. (42) When bringing ICT into classrooms, policies should use an incremental pathway, establishing infrastructure and bringing in sustainable and easily upgradable ICT. (16) Schools in some countries have begun allowing students to bring their own mobile technology (such as laptop, tablet, or smartphone) into class rather than providing such tools to all students—an approach called Bring Your Own Device. (1)(27)(34) However, not all families can afford devices or service plans for their children. (30) Schools must ensure all students have equitable access to ICT devices for learning.

Inclusiveness Considerations

Digital Divide: The digital divide refers to disparities of digital media and internet access both within and across countries, as well as the gap between people with and without the digital literacy and skills to utilize media and internet.(23)(26)(31) The digital divide both creates and reinforces socio-economic inequalities of the world’s poorest people. Policies need to intentionally bridge this divide to bring media, internet, and digital literacy to all students, not just those who are easiest to reach.

Minority language groups: Students whose mother tongue is different from the official language of instruction are less likely to have computers and internet connections at home than students from the majority. There is also less material available to them online in their own language, putting them at a disadvantage in comparison to their majority peers who gather information, prepare talks and papers, and communicate more using ICT. (39) Yet ICT tools can also help improve the skills of minority language students—especially in learning the official language of instruction—through features such as automatic speech recognition, the availability of authentic audio-visual materials, and chat functions. (2)(17)

Students with different styles of learning: ICT can provide diverse options for taking in and processing information, making sense of ideas, and expressing learning. Over 87% of students learn best through visual and tactile modalities, and ICT can help these students ‘experience’ the information instead of just reading and hearing it. (20)(37) Mobile devices can also offer programmes (“apps”) that provide extra support to students with special needs, with features such as simplified screens and instructions, consistent placement of menus and control features, graphics combined with text, audio feedback, ability to set pace and level of difficulty, appropriate and unambiguous feedback, and easy error correction. (24)(29)

Plans and policies

  • India [ PDF ]
  • Detroit, USA [ PDF ]
  • Finland [ PDF ]
  • Alberta Education. 2012. Bring your own device: A guide for schools . Retrieved from http://education.alberta.ca/admin/technology/research.aspx
  • Alsied, S.M. and Pathan, M.M. 2015. ‘The use of computer technology in EFL classroom: Advantages and implications.’ International Journal of English Language and Translation Studies . 1 (1).
  • BBC. N.D. ‘What is an interactive whiteboard?’ Retrieved from http://www.bbcactive.com/BBCActiveIdeasandResources/Whatisaninteractivewhiteboard.aspx
  • Beilefeldt, T. 2012. ‘Guidance for technology decisions from classroom observation.’ Journal of Research on Technology in Education . 44 (3).
  • Bishop, J.L. and Verleger, M.A. 2013. ‘The flipped classroom: A survey of the research.’ Presented at the 120th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Atlanta, Georgia.
  • Blurton, C. 2000. New Directions of ICT-Use in Education . United National Education Science and Culture Organization (UNESCO).
  • Bryant, B.R., Ok, M., Kang, E.Y., Kim, M.K., Lang, R., Bryant, D.P. and Pfannestiel, K. 2015. ‘Performance of fourth-grade students with learning disabilities on multiplication facts comparing teacher-mediated and technology-mediated interventions: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Behavioral Education. 24.
  • Buckingham, D. 2005. Educación en medios. Alfabetización, aprendizaje y cultura contemporánea, Barcelona, Paidós.
  • Buckingham, D., Sefton-Green, J., and Scanlon, M. 2001. 'Selling the Digital Dream: Marketing Education Technologies to Teachers and Parents.'  ICT, Pedagogy, and the Curriculum: Subject to Change . London: Routledge.
  • "Burk, R. 2001. 'E-book devices and the marketplace: In search of customers.' Library Hi Tech 19 (4)."
  • Chapman, D., and Mählck, L. (Eds). 2004. Adapting technology for school improvement: a global perspective. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
  • Cheung, A.C.K and Slavin, R.E. 2012. ‘How features of educational technology applications affect student reading outcomes: A meta-analysis.’ Educational Research Review . 7.
  • Cheung, A.C.K and Slavin, R.E. 2013. ‘The effectiveness of educational technology applications for enhancing mathematics achievement in K-12 classrooms: A meta-analysis.’ Educational Research Review . 9.
  • Deuze, M. 2006. 'Participation Remediation Bricolage - Considering Principal Components of a Digital Culture.' The Information Society . 22 .
  • Dunleavy, M., Dextert, S. and Heinecke, W.F. 2007. ‘What added value does a 1:1 student to laptop ratio bring to technology-supported teaching and learning?’ Journal of Computer Assisted Learning . 23.
  • Enyedy, N. 2014. Personalized Instruction: New Interest, Old Rhetoric, Limited Results, and the Need for a New Direction for Computer-Mediated Learning . Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center.
  • Golonka, E.M., Bowles, A.R., Frank, V.M., Richardson, D.L. and Freynik, S. 2014. ‘Technologies for foreign language learning: A review of technology types and their effectiveness.’ Computer Assisted Language Learning . 27 (1).
  • Goodwin, K. 2012. Use of Tablet Technology in the Classroom . Strathfield, New South Wales: NSW Curriculum and Learning Innovation Centre.
  • Jung, J., Chan-Olmsted, S., Park, B., and Kim, Y. 2011. 'Factors affecting e-book reader awareness, interest, and intention to use.' New Media & Society . 14 (2)
  • Kenney, L. 2011. ‘Elementary education, there’s an app for that. Communication technology in the elementary school classroom.’ The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications . 2 (1).
  • Kopcha, T.J. 2012. ‘Teachers’ perceptions of the barriers to technology integration and practices with technology under situated professional development.’ Computers and Education . 59.
  • Miranda, T., Williams-Rossi, D., Johnson, K., and McKenzie, N. 2011. "Reluctant readers in middle school: Successful engagement with text using the e-reader.' International journal of applied science and technology . 1 (6).
  • Moyo, L. 2009. 'The digital divide: scarcity, inequality and conflict.' Digital Cultures . New York: Open University Press.
  • Newton, D.A. and Dell, A.G. 2011. ‘Mobile devices and students with disabilities: What do best practices tell us?’ Journal of Special Education Technology . 26 (3).
  • Nirvi, S. (2011). ‘Special education pupils find learning tool in iPad applications.’ Education Week . 30 .
  • Norris, P. 2001. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide . Cambridge, USA: Cambridge University Press.
  • Project Tomorrow. 2012. Learning in the 21st century: Mobile devices + social media = personalized learning . Washington, D.C.: Blackboard K-12.
  • Riasati, M.J., Allahyar, N. and Tan, K.E. 2012. ‘Technology in language education: Benefits and barriers.’ Journal of Education and Practice . 3 (5).
  • Rodriquez, C.D., Strnadova, I. and Cumming, T. 2013. ‘Using iPads with students with disabilities: Lessons learned from students, teachers, and parents.’ Intervention in School and Clinic . 49 (4).
  • Sangani, K. 2013. 'BYOD to the classroom.' Engineering & Technology . 3 (8).
  • Servon, L. 2002. Redefining the Digital Divide: Technology, Community and Public Policy . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Smeets, E. 2005. ‘Does ICT contribute to powerful learning environments in primary education?’ Computers and Education. 44 .
  • Smith, G.E. and Thorne, S. 2007. Differentiating Instruction with Technology in K-5 Classrooms . Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education.
  • Song, Y. 2014. '"Bring your own device (BYOD)" for seamless science inquiry in a primary school.' Computers & Education. 74 .
  • Strayer, J.F. 2012. ‘How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation.’ Learning Environment Research. 15.
  • Tamim, R.M., Bernard, R.M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P.C. and Schmid, R.F. 2011. ‘What forty years of research says about the impact of technology on learning: A second-order meta-analysis and validation study. Review of Educational Research. 81 (1).
  • Tileston, D.W. 2003. What Every Teacher Should Know about Media and Technology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Turel, Y.K. and Johnson, T.E. 2012. ‘Teachers’ belief and use of interactive whiteboards for teaching and learning.’ Educational Technology and Society . 15(1).
  • Volman, M., van Eck, E., Heemskerk, I. and Kuiper, E. 2005. ‘New technologies, new differences. Gender and ethnic differences in pupils’ use of ICT in primary and secondary education.’ Computers and Education. 45 .
  • Voogt, J., Knezek, G., Cox, M., Knezek, D. and ten Brummelhuis, A. 2013. ‘Under which conditions does ICT have a positive effect on teaching and learning? A call to action.’ Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 29 (1).
  • Warschauer, M. and Ames, M. 2010. ‘Can one laptop per child save the world’s poor?’ Journal of International Affairs. 64 (1).
  • Zuker, A.A. and Light, D. 2009. ‘Laptop programs for students.’ Science. 323 (5910).

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IT Project Management: Managing IT Projects

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What Is IT Project Management?

What is it project management software, benefits of it project management software, must-have features for it project management software, how to manage an it project, unique challenges of it project management, it project management methodologies, it project management tools, roles in it project management, it project manager job description, is it project management certification necessary, what is an it project.

An information technology (IT) project is a type of project that deals with IT infrastructure, information systems or computers. Examples of an IT project include web development, software development, mobile app development, network configuration, software implementation, hardware installation, database management, and IT emergency recovery.

IT project management (ITPM) is the planning, scheduling, execution, monitoring and reporting of IT projects. While many industries focus exclusively on IT projects, IT is unique in that most, if not all, industries have some level of an IT component.

Since they are often very wide in scope, IT project managers must deal with risk, interdependent integrations, software updates, scope creep and so on. Therefore, IT projects require more than the typical project management tools and skills to complete.

Specialized IT project management software complete with online Gantt charts, kanban boards, dashboards and reports provide the essential functions necessary for successful IT projects.

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What Are the Six Phases of an IT Project?

The six phases of an IT project are based on the six phases of project management , which are used in conjunction with the IT phases to manage the project. They are as follows:

During the first phase of an IT project, one must ask “why is this project needed?”—in other words, the objective of the project must be identified. Then, a project proposal , including a business plan, that meets the needs of the project must be written. In addition, a feasibility study might be conducted to ensure the proposal is airtight.

After the project proposal has been approved, the project moves into the definition phase. This is where the objectives of the project are finalized and the requirements for a successful project are identified. The project scope can also be outlined, and a project plan may be created during this phase. Budgets are also set, and resources are determined.

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The design phase of an IT project is when the project team sets out to find the best solution for achieving their goal. This includes creating multiple designs and prototypes. Once a suitable design has been chosen, specifications for the development team are created and shared.

Development

The development phase is when the development team is assigned tasks and project management tools are selected. Additionally, technicalities are outlined, raw materials are requested and so on. The main goal of this phase is to make the entire plan as crystal clear as possible to avoid issues in the implementation phase.

Implementation

The implementation phase is where the final deliverable of the IT project is developed; unsurprisingly, this is often the longest phase of the project. The project team sets out to complete their tasks, while the manager monitors and controls the work , resources, cost, quality and risk.

Finally, once the implementation phase is complete, the final project is delivered to the customer/client/stakeholder. The follow up phase is all the work that comes after the project is delivered, and includes setting up support teams, training the end-users, creating a postmortem and ultimately ending the project.

Most IT projects and their phases are managed with a traditional, structured waterfall methodology. An agile framework, though, can minimize risk when adding functionality. DevOps deployment can be a good fit within an organizational culture. Rapid application development (RAD) is a low-investment, high-quality process.

What Does an IT Project Manager Do?

An IT project manager is responsible for overseeing an organization’s IT department and managing teams to execute IT projects on time and within budget. Some of the duties of an IT project manager include:

  • Setting project goals and creating plans to meet them
  • Maintaining the project schedule and budget, creating status reports
  • Managing resources, including the team, equipment, etc.
  • Assigning tasks to team members
  • Developing strategy to deliver projects on time and within budget
  • Using IT project management tools to track progress and performance
  • Assessing project risks
  • Developing IT risk management strategies
  • Leading regular meetings with team and stakeholders

IT project managers are expected to have advanced knowledge of computers, operating systems, network and service desk administration. They must also be good communicators and be able to clearly explain complex technical issues. Other required skills include experience with scheduling, budgeting and resource planning.

While the skill sets of project managers across different industries are generally the same, an IT project manager is unique in that they’re focused solely on the IT needs of an organization. But like all project managers, the way an IT project manager handles their varied duties and responsibilities is with the help of robust IT project management software.

IT project management software is used by managers to organize and control the processes of their IT projects. Like any software tool, it’s main purpose is to increase efficiency.

Project management training video (o1lvhu4cbf)

IT project management software boosts efficiency by giving users the features they need to monitor and track progress and performance. This keeps their IT projects on track to meet tight schedules and budgets.

Some key features common among IT project management tools include task and time tracking, real-time data, unlimited file storage, multiple project views to support hybrid methodologies, planning, scheduling and reporting. Microsoft Project is one of the most commonly used project management software, but it has major drawbacks that make ProjectManager a better choice for IT projects.

Regardless of what IT project management software you choose, you want one that is going to make your job easier. It should help you organize tasks and schedule their execution over a set schedule budget. You also want a tool that connects your team and stakeholders to keep them all on the same page.

There are many benefits to using IT project management software:

  • Plan Waterfall Projects with Gantt charts
  • Live Status with Real-Time Dashboards
  • Manage Program or Portfolio of IT Projects
  • Get Data Rich Reports With One Click
  • Guide teams through digital transformation projects
  • Track Time Spent on Tasks and Monitor Progress
  • Customize Workflow on Kanban Boards

The IT project management software that’s best for you will ideally have at least these six features.

Gantt Charts icon

Keep Tasks Organized on a Timeline

IT managers and teams need a visual tool to organize their tasks over a project timeline. Gantt charts help them prioritize, set the duration and even link dependent tasks that could block work later on during the execution of a project.

Gantt Charts image

Make Better Data-Driven Decisions

Managing means constantly making choices. The more data you have, the better those decisions. Reports that pull info on progress, costs, variance, workload and much more can help you gather insightful information. Reports should be easy to generate, filter and share.

Reports image

Get Live Status Reports

IT systems require that you keep a close eye on metrics, catch irregularities quickly and resolve them even quicker. A dashboard that is always collecting data and displaying it in easy-to-read graphs and charts will give you a high-level view of your IT’s health.

Dashboards image

Assign the Right Amount of Tasks

Knowing what your IT teams are doing is essential to keeping them productive. If they have too many tasks, their work suffers. Using a workload management feature will allow you to see who is working on what, and balance that workload to have everyone equally allocated.

Workload Management image

Track Your Team’s Logged Hours

Timesheets are more than a payroll tool—they’re another window into your team’s productivity. They allow you to monitor how many hours they’re spending on tasks, and you can reallocate resources as necessary to keep the work moving ahead as planned.

Timesheets image

Know Immediately What’s Happening

IT systems are critical business processes. If they go down, money is lost. To avoid any slowdown (or worse), managers need a feature in their IT project management tool that alerts them in emergencies. It’s also helpful to get notified when anything is updated.

Alerts & Notifications image

While there are many ways to manage an IT project, some aspects are universal. The steps might be slightly different, but the general direction is the same.

We’ll walk you through these steps one-by-one, while illustrating how a project management software can help you along the way.

1. Collect Requirements

Before a project can begin, paperwork is required. You need to define scope, create a budget and determine the stakeholder requirements. All these documents can be attached to the project on our software, which has unlimited file storage.

ProjectManager's unlimited file storage allows you to manage all your IT project management files as shown in the image

2. Select Team

Now that you’ve collected the project’s requirements, you can assemble a team with the skills and experience that fit the task at hand. Be sure to onboard them into your project management software, so communication happens in one place.

ProjectManager's Gantt charts allow you to assign tasks to your IT project management team

3. Use a Gantt Chart

Use a Gantt to add tasks to a timeline , link dependencies, set milestones and view the critical path. We offer a fully-featured online Gantt chart for project managers who work in a waterfall environment. The whole team doesn’t have to use this traditional planning tool though, as project data is shared across multiple project views: task lists, calendars and kanban boards.

ProjectManager's Gantt chart, showing an IT Project Management schedule

4. Use a Kanban Board

Use a kanban board to control workflow during project execution. With ProjectManager, you can create workflows, execute sprints and work in an agile framework without disturbing the Gantt plan.

ProjectManager's kanban boards are the perfect tool for IT project management

5. Monitor Progress

As the project moves forward, it’s important that the actual progress matches what was planned. Our software has a real-time dashboard that collects data as it’s updated. We automatically crunch the numbers and display them in charts that show costs, tasks, health and more. Project tracking has never been easier.

ProjectManager’s dashboard view, which shows six key metrics on a project

6. Manage Workload

IT projects require smart workload management. Are team members overtasked or have they too few assignments? To avoid slowing progress, our workload page shows you who’s on holiday and who has too much work: you can even reassign tasks right from the page.

ProjectManager's workload dashboard is ideal for IT project management

7. Make Changes

Projects aren’t static. You have to pivot fast when there are change requests from stakeholders. Our software gives your plans and your team flexibility. For example, if a date changes, simply drag and drop the task to the new deadline on the Gantt chart. This change is then reflected throughout the software.

8. Get Reports

To track progress and keep stakeholders updated, our software has an in-depth reporting feature . There are many reports, that can be generated to help with IT project management. Make an in-depth status report with just a few clicks to get the information you need.

ProjectManager's workload report, ideal to manage your IT project management team

Ready to manage your IT project with ProjectManager? Start your 30-day free trial today!

IT project management deals with a variety of issues. It ends up interfacing with many other aspects of an organization, such as business administration, human resources, finance and other departments within the organization and entities that are outside of the business. This presents a number of pressing problems with high stakes, for if the technology goes down, then an entire business can become paralyzed.

Changing Technology

There’s the challenge that IT is a volatile industry, with a rate of change that can be dizzying. Technology is notorious for becoming obsolete once it rolls off the assembly line, so IT project management must be prepared for this inevitable change.

Communication

Another hurdle that IT project management has to clear is communication between teams. This is a problem with all projects, frankly, but with IT there are often distributed teams who work remotely, often in different time zones, which only aggravates the situation. Having clear and effective communication channels is key for success on any IT project.

Transparency

Transparency is important, too, as the focus in IT is sharp. Having transparency across the project, with clear deadlines, helps teams better incorporate new technology or respond to change quickly and effectively.

Lack of Agreement on Methodology

But one of the biggest issues is that many organizations aren’t applying IT project management to their projects, which is like sailing a ship without a rudder. Without a process or methodology, whatever that might be, projects go off-track and over budget. Having an IT project manager who defines process, roles and tools is the first step to the success of an IT project.

There seem to be as many project management methodologies as there are projects. They break down into two larger camps, though: traditional and nontraditional methods. Let’s start with the traditional waterfall method, which breaks down the tasks in a project into a line of sequential project phases, and each of these phases depends on the delivery of the one before it.

Waterfall Methodology

Waterfall is the go-to methodology for most IT projects. While it is a project management method found in large projects outside of IT, it also lends itself to IT projects and has been proven a successful approach for formal and linear projects.

Waterfall has been around since it was codified in a paper published in 1970 by Dr. Winston W. Royce. The waterfall model has six stages:

  • Requirements: First, the requirements are identified, analyzed and written up in a requirements document, defining what is being done and how it is to be done. This will be reviewed by stakeholders.
  • Design: The next step is to document what was decided in the first stage in a design document, which notes everything needed to complete the project.
  • Implementation:  The IT project manager and team execute the design document, sticking to specifications, procedures and timelines.
  • Testing:  This is when deliverables from the project are measured against the standards set in the design document and stakeholders, like a quality check. If not met, then the process starts again. Our test case template can help with this process.
  • Installation: If the tests are passed, then the project is ready for release to the end-user. The product should be fully operational at this point.
  • Maintenance:  Most IT projects don’t end with delivery: they often require support after installation, whether updates or upgrades, though often this is tasked to a separate team.

Agile Methodology

Software development has introduced an agile framework to projects, a more iterative approach that works in short sprints and open to pivoting throughout the project, rather than being rigidly aligned with the plan. Some IT teams have incorporated agile or some of its implementations into their own projects.

Hybrid Methodology

More popular than agile with IT teams is hybrid methodology , which combines waterfall and agile, creating a more flexible and yet structured approach that can lend itself to IT projects. This “best of both worlds” approach it can be the right path forward depending on the parameters of the project.

ProjectManager is the ideal IT project management software for waterfall or hybrid methodologies. It features online Gantt charts for waterfall enthusiasts and kanban boards for agile lovers. Plus, the real-time dashboard keeps the IT project manager updated on progress through metrics that can be filtered to show the data you want and then shared.

ProjectManager's Kanban boards allow you to plan and execute IT project management plans

Other Methodologies

Less used in IT projects, but worth mentioning, is the critical path method and critical chain project management. The critical path method categorizes the tasks that must be completed to fulfill the project objective. This is done with a work breakdown structure (WBS) , which is then mapped across a project duration or Gantt chart, with task dependencies linked to avoid blocking teams. This helps to know which tasks need to be done when.

The critical chain project management works backwards, recognizing deliverables and using past experience to map the tasks needed to complete the project. This is a very efficient way to use resources, while staying focused on the end-goal. However, delays can be common, and it’s not suited to work on a portfolio of projects.

The right IT project management tools will overcome the challenges of IT projects and give project managers better control and teams the features they need to collaborate and be more productive. Fortunately, ProjectManager is a project management software designed with IT project management in mind.

Gantt Charts for Waterfall Plans

The feature that fits with IT project management like a hand in a glove is ProjectManager’s online Gantt charts. Most of the methodologies above work on the timeline of a Gantt chart, and ours will allows you to link tasks that are dependent and even assign.

Teams love our online Gantt chart, especially IT teams that tend to work collaboratively and with autonomy. That’s because they can comment at the task level. Tasks can also have documents attached or images to add supporting materials and even sign-off once they’re completed.

ProjectManager's Gantt chart allows you to enter task details such as dependencies and due dates

Dashboards for Live Reporting

Because ProjectManager is a cloud-based project management software, status updates are instantly reflected throughout the program. That means your real-time dashboard is giving you project details as they happen.

The various metrics measuring cost, workload, time and more, can be filtered to show just the amount of data you need. Then these easy-to-read colorful graphs and charts can be shared to teams and stakeholders or printed out for presentations.

Roles and responsibilities in IT project management mostly mirror those projects in other disciplines. There are stakeholders, who are those who have an interest in the project; teams, who are those with skills to execute the project plan ; and the IT project manager, who is the person that is responsible for the planning, procurement and execution of the project.

Types of IT Teams

Where roles differ from more traditional projects is in the teams themselves. While more project management is executed by teams, whether remote or on site, they are largely part of the overall organization that is implementing the project. However, with IT project management there are three types of teams.

  • First, there is the traditional project management team that is tasked with an IT project. These teams are not exclusive to IT and are led and staffed with a formal project management methodology.
  • Second, there are professional services teams , who deliver technology to external customers. This is usually done with the implementation of software or installation of hardware. They are often led by a project manager, but can be headed by a services vice-president or director. However, they also use formal types of project management.
  • Thirdly, there are internal IT teams . These are the teams that manage the delivery and maintenance of the technology in an organization. They roll out new systems, set up computers, monitors, phones and other devices for employees and manage the systems. They can be led by a project manager, though that person is usually defined within the company as a director or vice-president of IT.

The IT Project Manager

The IT project manager, due to the breadth of IT project management, has a wider range of responsibilities than most other project managers. They are not only dealing with leadership, resource allocation, scheduling and planning, monitoring and reporting, but must know about technology beyond the tools that they use to manage projects.

IT project managers are responsible for understanding firmware and being able to implement software integrations. They often build websites and databases, and manage these technologies as well. This includes building networks and maintaining security for data risks .

However, the basic structure of the IT project manager’s job remains being a clear communicator, setting realistic goals and applying the right methodology to achieve them. They must motivate and inform both teams and stakeholders, manage change and set the project schedule. The triple constraint of any project is still present. Therefore, the IT project manager, like any project manager, is concerned with setting deadlines and keeping to a budget. This is all managed through methodology.

An IT project manager can make a salary that ranges from $55,000 to $125,000, depending on industry and region. The more senior the position, however, the more compensated the person will be.

Responsibilities of an IT project manager are similar to any project manager, in that they lead the planning, execution and monitoring and reporting of the project. They are responsible for making sure resources are managed and the project comes in successfully, meaning on time, within budget and of the expected quality. They also report to upper management, stakeholders, clients, etc., while managing the IT staff.

The IT project manager is also responsible for staying updated on the latest technology and changes to the organization’s technology, through research and studying similar organizations and their IT structure. They make sure that the technology complements the organization’s overall goals, strategies and practices.

They also work to preserve the IT assets by implementing disaster recovery and back-up procedures, including any IT security and control structures. The IT project manager is responsible for the quality of all IT projects.

Skills and Qualifications

Some of the skills and qualifications of an IT project manager include:

  • Technical management
  • An understanding of technology
  • An ability to stay on top of the ever-changing field
  • Ability to analyze data
  • Communications
  • Problem-solving
  • Data center management
  • Strategic planning
  • Quality management

One way to stay up-to-date on all the skills and qualifications required of an IT project manager is certification. Certification is done by an outside agency that notes a standard of excellence, understanding of the discipline and experience.

Most IT project managers have at least a bachelor’s degree in business management or a more specific area, such as marketing, engineering or computer science. To further differentiate yourself, there are certifications, but they’re mostly general project manager certifications.

Types of Certifications

The Project Management Institute (PMI) offers a couple of industry-recognized project manager certifications, such as the Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) and the Project Management Professional (PMP). PMI also offers a PMI Professional in Business Analysis (PMI-PBA), Program Management Professional (PgMP) and Portfolio Management Professional (PfMP).

More technical certifications are The Open Group’s TOGAF 9 and OPEN CA certifications, as well as the IASA’s Certified IT Architech – Professional (CITA-P). These enterprise architect certifications merge a knowledge of technology with business goals.

IT governance certifications is offered by ITIL and ISACA, which have Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT (CGEIT) and Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC).

IT Project Management Resources

  • Emerging Trends in IT
  • Project Management Trends (2022)
  • The 10 Project management Knowledge Areas
  • IT Governance: Definitions, Frameworks and Planning
  • 7 Steps for Effective Problem Management in IT
  • IT Audit: Definition & Quick Guide
  • Technical Project Manager
  • IT Portfolio Management Software
  • 15 Free IT Project Management Templates for Excel, Word & More
  • IT Project Plan Template
  • IT Risk Assessment Template
  • How to Become an IT Project Manager

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Information Technology: Referencing for IT

referencing icon

As   IT students, you will be using the  APA 7th referencing style . 

Why do we reference?

At university you are expected to reference information sources used in your assignments. Referencing is important as it:

  • gives credit to authors
  • shows that you’ve done your research  
  • means that others can find the resources you have used .

APA 7th Referencing Guide

For help on how to reference using APA 7th style, have a look at our comprehensive referencing guide.

You can open it in a new page and download it by clicking the link below.

Referencing

Referencing Videos

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Useful Sections

Here are some common types of sources you will need to reference as an IT student:

Journal Articles (Section 2.01)

Conference papers  (Section 7.07)

Tip: Conference papers or proceedings that have been published in a journal or book should be referenced as journal articles or chapters in an edited book.

Chapter in an edited book  (Section 1.10)

Standards  (Section 5.08)

Statistics (Section 7.01)

Reports (Section 7.01)

Patents  (Section 5.07)

As   IT students, you may also be asked to use the IEEE referencing style

  • IEEE Referencing Guide

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) style is a numbered referencing system, and widely used in technical fields, particularly in computer science. IEEE  style uses citation numbers in the text of the paper, provided in square brackets. A full corresponding  references  are listed at the end of the paper and sorted by citation numbers. The IEEE Reference Guide outlines how to cite a variety of references in IEEE style.

Watch the video below for a demonstration of how to create in-text references and a reference list in IEEE referencing style.

IEEE referencing - The Basics from Victoria University Library on Vimeo .

  • IEEE Reference Guide by IEEE
  • IEEE Referencing guide by Victoria Univesity
  • IEEE referencing - all format examples
  • IEEE RMIT Easy Cite referencing tool
  • Referencing Software

UTS Library supports RefWorks and EndNote .

RefWorks is a cloud-based reference manager that can assist your referencing. It can be used to create reference lists and in-text citations. We recommend this to undergraduate students. 

  • UTS Library: RefWorks

EndNote is suitable for researchers and can be a helpful tool when undertaking a scoping or literature review.

To learn more about EndNote, visit the Library pages linked below, have a look at our EndNote videos and sign up for our EndNote workshops!

  • UTS Library: EndNote Click here to see the EndNote page on the UTS Library website.
  • << Previous: Finding Reliable Information on the Internet
  • Plan Your Search
  • What is Scholarly Information?
  • Finding Books & Book Chapters
  • Finding Journal Articles and Conference Papers
  • Finding Industry Information
  • Finding Reliable Information on the Internet
  • Why we reference
  • APA 7th referencing guide
  • Referencing videos
  • Useful Sections for IT

Related Guides

  • Statistics Guide
  • Patents and Standards Guide
  • Company, Industry and Country Information Guide
  • Mathematics and Statistics
  • Data Science

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10 Educational AI Tools for Students in 2024

Senior Content Marketing Manager

February 13, 2024

AI tools for students are becoming indispensable, from harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to refining writing nuances to getting instantaneous feedback on presentations. 

And the best part? Many of these groundbreaking AI writing tools are not just reserved for the elite—they are accessible and affordable, making them a boon for nonprofits and individuals on a budget. 

Whether you’re looking to craft impeccable essays or master the art of communication, dive in as we explore the top 10 AI-powered tools of 2024 tailored for your academic success.

What Are AI Tools For Students?

How students can best use ai, 2. quillbot, 3. gradescope, 4. otter.ai, 7. audiopen.ai, 9. smart sparrow, 10. wolfram alpha.

AI tools for students refer to various software and applications that utilize artificial intelligence to assist, enhance, or streamline the academic journey. Unlike conventional digital tools, AI-driven tools adapt, predict, and personalize learning experiences based on each student’s individual needs and patterns.

Here’s a breakdown of what they offer:

  • Personalized learning: Every student is unique, and the best AI-powered tool can recognize this. They adapt to each student’s pace, learning style, and preferences to deliver tailored content, be it in the form of reading material, quizzes, or tutorials
  • Instant feedback: Artificial intelligence education tools can analyze assignments, presentations, and projects, providing real-time feedback. This immediate response helps students understand their areas of improvement without waiting for teacher evaluations
  • Productivity enhancements: From organizing study schedules to setting reminders for assignment deadlines, AI tools are equipped to aid students in time management and organization, ensuring they stay on top of their academic tasks
  • Interactive learning: AI tools often come with chatbots, virtual assistants, and interactive platforms that make learning engaging and dynamic, breaking the monotony of traditional study methods.
  • Data-driven insights: These tools collect and analyze data based on a student’s performance, giving insights into strengths, weaknesses, and potential growth areas, aiding in better academic planning
  • Accessibility and Inclusivity: Many AI tools now offer features that make learning accessible for students with disabilities. From voice-to-text functionalities to visual aids, artificial intelligence ensures that education remains inclusive

AI can potentially transform a student’s learning trajectory, but the key lies in effectively harnessing its power. Here’s how students can make the most of AI:

  • Setting clear goals: Begin with a clear understanding of what you wish to achieve using SMART goals . Are you looking to improve your essay-writing skills, seeking help with math problems, or aiming to organize your study routine better?
  • Blend traditional with technological: AI tools offer unprecedented advantages but’re most effective when combined with traditional learning methods. For instance, after receiving feedback from an AI-powered writing tool, discuss it with a teacher or peer for additional insights
  • Engage in interactive learning: Use AI-driven interactive platforms, such as chatbots or virtual tutors. These platforms provide real-time engagement, making complex topics easier to grasp and retain
  • Analyze and adapt: Many AI tools provide data-driven insights about your learning patterns. Regularly review these analytics to understand your strengths and areas needing attention
  • Ensure data privacy: While using any AI tool, especially those requiring personal data or academic records, ensure that the platform respects user privacy
  • Stay open to feedback: One of the hallmarks of AI tools is instant feedback. Critiques, suggestions, or recommendations provided by these tools aim to enhance your skills and understanding
  • Stay curious: AI is a fascinating domain with limitless potential. Dive deep, explore its intricacies, and stay curious about how machine learning, neural networks, or natural language processing can further bolster your academic journey

10 Best AI Education Tools in 2024

In 2024, the educational landscape has been transformed by a slew of advanced AI-driven platforms. Here’s a curated list of the 10 best AI education tools leading the charge and revolutionizing learning experiences for students globally.

In the ever-evolving landscape of digital tools, ClickUp has emerged as a front-runner, not just as a conventional project management tool for students but also as an AI-driven powerhouse tailored for student success. Combining the best of organizational features with the prowess of an AI writing tool , ClickUp is redefining how students approach tasks, projects, and group collaborations.

With ClickUp’s education project management software , students can break down assignments into individual steps, which makes daunting projects more digestible, and then rank those tasks based on urgency and importance so they can focus on what matters most.

ClickUp’s collaborative tools turn group assignments from chore to joy thanks to real-time editing, advanced commenting features, and ClickUp Chat. ClickUp’s AI tools offer productivity analysis that suggests areas of improvement and optimizes your study routine.

In a nutshell, ClickUp isn’t just another project management tool; it’s a holistic AI platform tailored to fit the unique demands of student life. By leveraging its powerful AI writing tool features and the intelligence of AI, students can pave the way for academic excellence and a future of seamless project execution.

ClickUp best features

  • With ClickUp Tasks, students can organize assignments, projects, and other academic endeavors into manageable chunks
  • Automate routine tasks and set up workflows to streamline processes
  • All ClickUp Docs , discussions, and tasks are in one place, eliminating the hassle of toggling between multiple apps
  • ClickUp seamlessly integrates with various other tools and platforms that students commonly use, like Google Calendar, Drive, and even note-taking apps
  • Depending on a student’s preference, they can visualize tasks and projects as a list, on a Kanban-style board, or on a calendar, offering flexibility in project management styles
  • Monitor the time spent on different tasks or projects to ensure efficient time allocation
  • Never miss a deadline with ClickUp’s robust reminder system. Plus, get yourself organized with the ClickUp Class Schedule and Time Study Template
  • With AI enhancements, ClickUp adapts to a student’s work pattern, offering personalized suggestions and insights

ClickUp limitations

  • Some users have mentioned that while ClickUp is robust and feature-rich, it can initially come across as overwhelming, especially for those new to project management tools
  • While ClickUp’s desktop interface is widely appreciated, a few users have pointed out that the mobile app experience could be more streamlined

ClickUp pricing

  • Free Forever
  • Unlimited : $7/month per user
  • Business : $12/month per user
  • Enterprise : Contact for pricing
  • ClickUp AI: $5/month addon

ClickUp ratings and reviews

  • G2 : 4.7/5 (2,000+ reviews)
  • Capterra : 4.7/5 (2,000+ reviews)

Quillbot Dashboard

In an age where crisp, clear, and precise communication is paramount, QuillBot emerges as a beacon for students. A revolutionary AI tool for note-taking , QuillBot is specifically designed to enhance the quality and versatility of written content. 

Its intuitive interface and advanced algorithms make it a must-have for students striving for writing excellence. 

QuillBot acts as a second pair of eyes, helping students refine and elevate the standard of their written assignments and ensuring they make the best impression. Students can significantly expedite the editing and proofreading process with instantaneous suggestions and corrections, saving valuable time.

Knowing that their work has been reviewed and enhanced by a sophisticated AI-powered tool, students can confidently submit their assignments.

Over time, as students continually engage with QuillBot’s suggestions, they can organically improve their writing skills and internalize better writing habits. With its blend of advanced features and user-friendly design, it’s no surprise that many in the academic realm consider Quillbot an essential asset in their writing toolkit.

Quillbot best features

  • QuillBot offers a handy browser extension and integrates smoothly with platforms like Google Docs and Microsoft Word
  • Students can input sentences or paragraphs and receive alternative versions that retain the original meaning but use different phrasing
  • QuillBot offers many modes, including Standard, Fluency, Creative, and more, catering to various writing needs. Each mode provides a different spin on the content, allowing students to find the tone and style that best suits their work.
  • QuillBot can suggest synonyms for specific words, aiding students in diversifying their vocabulary and enhancing the richness of their content
  • Beyond restructuring sentences, QuillBot offers suggestions to correct grammar mishaps and enhance sentence fluency, ensuring that students’ work is both accurate and articulate

Quillbot limitations

  • Though QuillBot is adept at paraphrasing, there are instances where it might not fully grasp or retain the nuanced context of specific sentences, leading to suggestions that might be off-mark. For this reason, some people may prefer a Quillbot alternative
  • QuillBot offers both free and premium versions. Some students have noted that the free version, while useful, has limitations regarding word count and access to all features. This might necessitate an upgrade for those requiring extensive use.
  • On occasion, QuillBot might lean towards certain synonyms or phrasings more than others, leading to potential vocabulary repetition if not double-checked
  • For very intricate or specialized sentences, especially those related to specific academic or scientific topics, QuillBot might occasionally struggle to provide a satisfactory rephrase

Quillbot pricing

  • Premium: $19.95/month per user

Quillbot ratings and reviews

  • Capterra: 4.6/5 (100+ reviews)

Gradescope Dashboard

Grading and assessment, traditionally time-consuming and often subjective, have been given a 21st-century facelift with the introduction of Gradescope. This AI-enhanced platform has been specifically designed to streamline the grading process for instructors and provide valuable feedback for students.

With the detailed rubrics used in Gradescope, students clearly understand how they’re assessed, minimizing subjectivity and promoting fairness. Since instructors can grade similar answers in batches, students are ensured consistent feedback, even in large classes.

The efficiency of Gradescope means that instructors can grade assignments faster, leading to quicker feedback for students. The direct annotations on assignments allow students to see exactly where they excelled or where they need improvement, facilitating better understanding and growth.

Gradescope, with its blend of AI enhancement and user-centric design, is transforming the landscape of academic assessments. For students, it’s not just about receiving grades but gaining a clearer, more transparent insight into their academic progress and areas of growth.

Gradescope best features

  • Gradescope allows instructors to create detailed rubrics, ensuring that grading criteria are consistent and transparent. Once a rubric is set for a particular answer, it can be applied to similar answers, speeding up the process
  • The platform provides an easy-to-use interface where assignments can be scanned and uploaded. It supports various formats, making it versatile for different types of assessments
  • Instructors can provide specific feedback and annotations directly on the submitted work
  • Gradescope can analyze assignments to detect potential similarities with other submissions, helping uphold academic integrity
  • Gradescope can integrate seamlessly with popular LMS platforms, ensuring that grades and feedback are easily accessible to students

Gradescope limitations

  • For educators unfamiliar with the platform, setting up assignments and rubrics on Gradescope can take some time initially. It requires understanding the platform’s unique grading methodology and interface
  • If students’ written answers (for scanned assignments) are not clear or legible, the platform can struggle to identify and categorize them correctly, which can sometimes affect the grading process
  • While Gradescope’s AI-assisted grading is revolutionary, it works best for specific question types. More subjective or open-ended responses might not benefit as much from the batch grading feature
  • While Gradescope aims to integrate with many Learning Management Systems, occasional syncing issues or discrepancies might arise, requiring manual intervention

Gradescope pricing

  • Basic: $1/month per user
  • Team: $3/month per user
  • Solo: $3/month per user

Gradescope ratings and reviews

  • G2: 4.1/5 (6+ reviews)
  • Capterra: 4.7/5 (3+ reviews)

Check out these AI calendar tools !

Otter.ai Dashboard

In today’s fast-paced academic world, where lectures, seminars, and group discussions are the norm, having a tool to capture, transcribe, and analyze spoken content can be invaluable. Enter Otter.ai, a cutting-edge AI-powered transcription service that’s been a game-changer for countless students. 

By converting speech to text in real-time, Otter.ai doesn’t just transcribe; it transforms how students interact with auditory content. With Otter.ai, students can capture every word of a lecture, ensuring that no important detail is missed. Without the pressure of note-taking, students can be more present during lectures, focusing on understanding and internalizing content.

Transcriptions can be a valuable study aid, helping students review and revise their course content more effectively. For students with disabilities or non-native speakers, having a written transcript can immensely benefit comprehension.

Otter.ai stands out as a stellar AI tool, perfectly poised to meet the multifaceted needs of students. Whether revisiting complex lecture topics, collaborating on group projects, or ensuring that no spoken word gets missed, Otter.ai is a student’s trusty companion in the academic journey.

Otter.ai best features

  • Otter.ai can transcribe lectures, meetings, and conversations in real time, allowing students to focus on listening and engaging rather than frantic note-taking
  • Even in group settings, the platform can identify and differentiate between various speakers, ensuring that transcriptions are clear and organized
  • Transcriptions are easily searchable, allowing students to quickly locate specific topics, phrases, or sections of a lecture
  • Otter.ai can integrate with various platforms, like Zoom, to directly transcribe online lectures and meetings
  • The tool allows users to add custom vocabulary, ensuring that industry or subject-specific jargon is transcribed accurately
  • Transcriptions are securely stored in the cloud, ensuring that they’re easily accessible from any device
  • Students can effortlessly share their transcriptions with peers, making collaborative study sessions or group projects more efficient

Otter.ai limitations

  • Even though Otter.ai is one of the best in its field, no transcription service is flawless. Mispronunciations, heavy accents, or background noise can occasionally lead to transcription errors
  • For real-time transcription, a stable internet connection is crucial. A weak or fluctuating connection could disrupt the service
  • While the free version is useful, it comes with a monthly transcription limit, which might be restrictive for students with heavy usage

Otter.ai pricing

  • Basic : Free
  • Pro : $10/month per user
  • Business : $20/month per user
  • Enterprise : Contact Otter.ai for pricing

Otter.ai ratings and reviews

  • G2: 4.0/5 (100+ reviews)
  • Capterra: 4.5/5 (60+ reviews)

Knowji Dashboard

In the domain of language learning and vocabulary enhancement, Knowji stands out as a shining star. This AI-driven app combines the strengths of cognitive science, pedagogical principles, and cutting-edge technology to offer a unique learning experience. 

Tailored specifically for students, Knowji seeks to transform the often daunting task of vocabulary building into an engaging and productive endeavor. Through visual mnemonics and spaced repetition, Knowji ensures that vocabulary is learned and retained for the long term.

The app’s interactive interface and rich visual and auditory content make vocabulary learning more engaging and less tedious. The AI-driven adaptability ensures that students aren’t overwhelmed or under-challenged, making their learning journey more efficient and rewarding.

With contextual sentences, students gain a deeper understanding of how each word fits into everyday language.

Knowji isn’t just another vocabulary app; it’s a holistic learning ecosystem. With its fusion of AI technology, cognitive science principles, and pedagogical insights, Knowji positions itself as an indispensable tool for students aiming to expand their linguistic horizons.

Knowji best features

  • The audio features instill confidence in students, ensuring they can pronounce new words correctly
  • The student progress tracking features allow students to set and achieve vocabulary goals, giving them a clear sense of direction and accomplishment
  • Based on individual student progress and performance, Knowji’s AI algorithms adapt to provide learners with tailored content, ensuring they are always challenged at the right level
  • To provide context, words are paired with example sentences, helping students understand their practical application
  • Knowji uses the principles of spaced repetition, presenting words at optimal intervals to ensure long-term retention

Knowji limitations

  • Knowji’s vocabulary lists are curated for certain age groups and exam preparations. Some users might find the need for more advanced or diverse word lists, especially for specialized academic or professional usage
  • The app heavily relies on visual mnemonics and auditory cues. Students who don’t resonate with these learning styles might find other methods more effective
  • The rich visual and auditory content, while beneficial for learning, might consume a significant amount of device memory, especially if multiple-word lists are downloaded
  • No desktop version

Knowji pricing

  • Varies by module. Visit the Apple Store or Google Play Store for pricing

Knowji ratings and reviews

  • Capterra: N/A

OpenAI Dashboard

In the bustling world of artificial intelligence, OpenAI emerges as one of the industry’s foremost leaders. With its commitment to ensuring that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity, OpenAI has released a suite of tools and platforms with immense potential for academic arenas. 

OpenAI’s offerings can be revolutionary for students, ushering in a new era of research, understanding, and knowledge dissemination. OpenAI’s extensive library of research papers and studies serves as a valuable reservoir of knowledge for students.

Language models like GPT can assist in drafting, editing, and even brainstorming, enhancing students’ writing and research capabilities.

OpenAI isn’t just a name in the AI industry; it’s a beacon of student progress, innovation, and responsible growth. For students, it presents a golden opportunity to be part of the AI revolution, ensuring they’re equipped, enlightened, and empowered for the challenges and opportunities of tomorrow.

OpenAI best features

  • Natural language processing makes it easy for students to get answers simply by typing in a question
  • Students can use Dall-E to create artwork for their presentations
  • OpenAI can adjust its tone, language, and sentence structure to fit the level of understanding a student has of the subject

OpenAI limitations

  • Even though OpenAI emphasizes ethical AI, students need to be cautious and educated about the potential misuse of such powerful tools, especially in academic settings, to prevent plagiarism or misrepresentation
  • Some of OpenAI’s advanced models, like the larger versions of GPT, demand significant computational resources for training, which might be out of reach for the average student

OpenAI pricing

  • Depends on the model used and a number of words produced. Visit OpenAI for pricing

OpenAI ratings and reviews

  • G2: 4.7/5 (300+ reviews)
  • Capterra: 4.4/5 (20+ reviews)

Audiopen.ai Dashboard

Navigating the digital age, students consistently search for tools to streamline their learning process and enhance productivity. Enter Audiopen.ai—a groundbreaking AI solution that magically transforms voice notes into refined, publish-ready text. Whether you’re a student drafting a research paper, pondering over a challenging essay topic, or simply brainstorming ideas, Audiopen.ai is here to redefine your content creation experience. 

Using Audiopen.ai, you can draft papers, memos, and emails in a fraction of the usual time, enhancing productivity. The tool makes it easy to navigate from vague ideas to coherent, publish-ready text effortlessly.

The tool’s adaptability to individual writing styles ensures the output reflects your authentic voice. Whether you’re verbalizing an email, text, or a blog post, Audiopen.ai is your one-stop solution.

Audiopen.ai best features

  • With tagging, your notes are always accessible and well-organized
  • The multilingual feature ensures non-native English speakers can equally benefit
  • Add in your specific vocabulary—perfect for proper nouns or academic terms
  • Whether you’re going for a casual email vibe or aiming for crystal clear precision, Audiopen.ai can adapt its writing style. There’s even an option for a customized style that mirrors your unique voice
  • The AI is designed to weed out filler words, repetitive phrases, and any incoherent segments, giving you concise and meaningful content
  • Web and mobile app availability ensures easy access from any device, anytime
  • It comes with a handy AI Chrome extension

Audiopen.ai limitations

  • The transcription time for the free version can feel limiting
  • This is a very new app, so some bugs remain. However, the developer is responsive to feature requests and concerns

Audiopen.ai pricing

  • Price: $75/year per user

Audiopen.ai ratings and reviews

Brainly Dashboard

Brainly is kind of like academic Reddit. Powered by students, experts, and academics around the globe, its database now boasts more than 250 million answers to every question under the sun.

Developed in collaboration with OpenAI’s GPT-4 technology, Brainly’s latest AI capabilities employ its vast knowledge base to furnish a more vibrant, tailored, and efficient learning journey.

Brainly’s enhanced features make AI-powered learning tools conveniently accessible, empowering students to seek homework assistance, enrich their subject comprehension, and bridge classroom knowledge gaps.

Brainly’s mission is clear: to bolster understanding and accelerate learning in this dynamic digital age.

Brainly best features

  • Learners can now opt for a “Simplify” function for straightforward explanations or “Expand” for a more thorough breakdown of topics. This allows students to customize the depth of their learning based on their individual needs
  • Students can now ask follow-up questions or request detailed explanations on previous responses
  • To ensure the reliability of information, Brainly incorporates expert moderators who oversee content quality
  • Beyond just finding answers, Brainly provides a platform for students to discuss, debate, and delve deeper into topics with peers from around the world
  • To encourage participation and consistent learning, Brainly has incorporated gamification elements like points and ranks
  • Brainly’s search functionality uses AI to deliver the most relevant answers, making the quest for information efficient

Brainly limitations

  • Since a significant portion of Brainly’s content is user-generated, there can be occasional discrepancies in the quality and accuracy of answers. While the platform does employ moderation, the vast number of contributions can lead to some incorrect or suboptimal answers slipping through
  • Even though Brainly operates in multiple languages and regions, the quality of content can sometimes vary across these languages, leading to discrepancies in the information available to students from different countries
  • Some of Brainly’s premium features are behind a paywall, which might not be accessible to all students

Brainly pricing

  • Plus: $24/year per user

Brainly ratings and reviews

  • G2: 4.0/5 (13+ reviews)
  • Capterra: 4.6/5 (20+ reviews)

Smart Sparrow Dashboard

Rooted in the mission of crafting unparalleled digital learning experiences, Smart Sparrow specializes in adaptive, simulative, and gamified learning environments. They are your partners in bringing visions to life, offering services from strategic consulting to custom software development.

Smart Sparrow uniquely marries the power of AI with the elegance of design.The editable templates and an extensive component library ensure that designing visually-rich, interactive courseware is a breeze.

With granular user permissions, collaborate on courseware creation with peers, colleagues, and external vendors.

Whether you deploy through your preferred Learning Management System or use Smart Sparrow’s platform, there’s flexibility at every step. Plus, with gradebook sync, keeping track becomes easier.

Smart Sparrow isn’t just another eLearning platform; it’s a movement towards more personalized, engaging, and innovative education technology. With its myriad features and a strong emphasis on user experience, it truly embodies the future of digital learning.

Smart Sparrow’s best features

  • The platform boasts a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) authoring tool, allowing educators and students to create stunning and impactful eLearning experiences effortlessly
  • With rich text editing, high-fidelity media import, and custom CSS, the potential for personalization is boundless
  • The built-in Analytics and reports go beyond mere grades, offering deep insights into student learning patterns, pinpointing problem areas, and understanding how students navigate and interact with content
  • From dragging and dropping elements, choosing from a vast array of interactive components, and customizing lesson plans, Smart Sparrow ensures a seamless digital journey
  • Create personalized lesson plans that students love. Import rich simulations, tasks, and activities that propel students to lean in and engage actively

Smart Sparrow limitations

  • The vast array of features and customization options can be initially overwhelming for users unfamiliar with eLearning authoring tools. It might take some time for educators, especially those less tech-savvy, to get comfortable navigating and maximizing the platform’s potential
  • Although Smart Sparrow boasts LMS integration capabilities, users may face occasional hiccups or compatibility issues when syncing with certain Learning Management Systems
  • Depending on the institution’s budget, the range of features and advanced capabilities might come at a price point that could be challenging for smaller institutions or individual educators
  • While the platform is mobile and tablet-ready, the experience on these devices might not always be as seamless or intuitive as on a desktop, especially when accessing more complex simulations or activities

Smart Sparrow pricing

  • Up to 5 learners: Free
  • Up to 100 learners: $15/user per course
  • Up to 500 learners: $12/user per course
  • 500+ learners: Contact Smart Sparrow for pricing

Smart Sparrow ratings and reviews

Wolfram Alpha Dashboard

The education landscape has experienced a paradigm shift with the advent of digital tools. Amidst a plethora of online resources, Wolfram Alpha stands out as an unparalleled computational knowledge engine. 

Designed to serve both students and professionals, it goes beyond simple search to offer answers to complex questions across multiple disciplines. Wolfram Alpha’s unique approach to online search is what sets it apart. Unlike traditional search engines that pull up web pages containing possible answers, Wolfram Alpha computes answers on the fly. This means students get direct and precise answers to specific questions, ranging from mathematical equations to historical data.

Whether you’re a history buff, a budding physicist, or a math enthusiast, Wolfram Alpha has you covered. It spans mathematics, science, engineering, geography, history, and music. Instead of just offering answers, Wolfram Alpha often provides additional information and related topics, encouraging students to explore further and satisfy their curiosity.

Wolfram Alpha is more than just a search engine. It’s a student’s companion in the journey of knowledge. Its computational prowess and extensive knowledge base ensure that students are not merely searching but truly understanding.

Wolfram Alpha’s best features

  • The engine understands natural language, which means students don’t need to phrase questions in a specific technical format
  • With dedicated apps for both iOS and Android, this virtual learning assistant is not confined to a desktop. Whether on a bus or in a cafe, students can have the vast computational power of Wolfram Alpha right in their pocket
  • Numbers and data come alive with Wolfram Alpha’s dynamic visualization capabilities. Graphs, charts, and other visual representations help students grasp complex concepts more intuitively.
  • For students grappling with math problems, Wolfram Alpha doesn’t just provide the answer but can also showcase a step-by-step breakdown of the solution, aiding in understanding and learning

Wolfram Alpha limitations

  • While Wolfram Alpha can handle a wide range of questions, there’s a learning curve involved in phrasing complex queries to get the desired result
  • It might not be the go-to tool for subjective topics, opinion-based questions, or areas that require human judgment
  • For highly specialized academic or research-based questions, the platform might sometimes provide a more generalized answer, which might not delve into the nuances a student or researcher might be looking for

Wolfram Alpha pricing

  • Basic: Free
  • Pro: $7.25/month per user
  • Pro Premium: $12/month per user

Wolfram Alpha ratings and reviews

  • G2: 4.7/5 (3+ reviews)

ClickUp: Acing The Test As The Premier AI Tool For Students

ClickUp brings to the table a suite of features specifically designed to adapt to the dynamic nature of student life. From group projects to thesis deadlines, ClickUp is the silent digital assistant every student wishes they had earlier. Its AI-driven insights help students prioritize, optimize, and visualize their academic journey, ensuring everything runs smoothly.

As we’ve navigated through various amazing AI tools that promise to revolutionize education, ClickUp stands a class apart. Not because it claims to do everything but because it delivers on its promise, ensuring students are equipped, empowered, and always ahead in their academic journey.

As the school year continues and challenges arise, students can rest easy knowing that with ClickUp, they’ve already secured an A+ in preparedness.

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Facial Recognition: Coming Soon to an Airport Near You

Biometric technology is expanding at airports across the United States — and the world — and transforming the way we move through them, from checking a bag to boarding the plane.

An illustration shows a man looking straight into a large window at an airport, identified by a control tower and the tail of a jet, with various charts and electronic measurements projected around him.

By Christine Chung

For this story, I spoke with executives at airlines, government agencies, and companies specializing in biometric technology. I also visited Alaska Airlines’ headquarters in Seattle, and tested out Delta’s Digital ID at John F. Kennedy and La Guardia airports in New York.

On a recent Thursday morning in Queens, travelers streamed through the exterior doors of La Guardia Airport’s Terminal C. Some were bleary-eyed — most hefted briefcases — as they checked bags and made their way to the security screening lines.

It was business as usual, until some approached a line that was almost empty. One by one, they walked to a kiosk with an iPad affixed to it and had their photos taken, as a security officer stood by. Within seconds, each passenger’s image was matched to a photo from a government database, and the traveler was ushered past security into the deeper maze of the airport. No physical ID or boarding pass required.

Some travelers, despite previously opting into the program, still proffered identification, only for the officer to wave it away.

This passenger screening using facial recognition software and made available to select travelers at La Guardia by Delta Air Lines and the Transportation Security Administration, is just one example of how biometric technology, which uses an individual’s unique physical identifiers, like their face or their fingerprints, promises to transform the way we fly.

This year could be the “tipping point” for widespread biometrics use in air travel, said Henry Harteveldt, a travel industry analyst for Atmosphere Research . Time-consuming airport rituals like security screening, leaving your luggage at bag drop and even boarding a plane may soon only require your face, “helping to reduce waiting times and stress for travelers,” Mr. Harteveldt said.

In the United States, major airlines have increasingly invested in facial recognition technology as have government agencies in charge of aviation security. Overseas, a growing number of international airports are installing biometrics-enabled electronic gates and self-service kiosks at immigration and customs.

The technology’s adoption could mean enhanced security and faster processing for passengers, experts say. But it also raises concerns over privacy and ethics.

Dr. Morgan Klaus Scheuerman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Colorado who studies the ethics of artificial intelligence and digital identity, said many questions have emerged about the use of biometrics at airports: How are the systems being trained and evaluated? Would opting out be considered a red flag? What if your documents don’t match your current appearance?

“I’m sure many people feel powerless to stop the trajectory,” Dr. Scheuerman said.

In the United States, bullish about the technology

The T.S.A., with more than 50,000 officers at nearly 430 airports in the United States, is the main federal agency ensuring the safety of the hundreds of millions of passengers who fly each year. Travelers who are determined to be “low-risk” can apply for T.S.A.’s PreCheck program, which offers expedited security screening at more than 200 domestic airports. PreCheck, which requires an in-person appointment to show documents and give fingerprints, and biometric verification by Clear, a private screening company, have helped to reduce the wait time for screening, but air travelers still must occasionally stand in long queues to get to their gates.

The T.S.A. has experimented with facial recognition technology since 2019. Screening verification currently offered at Denver and Los Angeles International Airports and some 30 other airports starts when a photo is taken of the traveler. Then facial recognition software is used to match the image to a physical scan of a license or passport. The photo is deleted shortly afterward, according to the agency. This process, which passengers can opt out of, will be available at some 400 more airports in the coming years, the agency said.

Melissa Conley, a T.S.A. executive director overseeing checkpoint technologies, said that biometric technology is better than human agents at matching faces rapidly and accurately.

“People are not good at matching faces. It’s just known,” Ms. Conley said. “Machines don’t get tired.”

The process still requires passengers to show their IDs. But the program being tried by Delta, called Delta Digital ID , changes that.

With Delta Digital ID , PreCheck travelers can use their faces in lieu of boarding passes and ID at both bag drop and security at La Guardia and four other airports, including John F. Kennedy International Airport and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport .

Facial recognition shaves more than a minute off bag drop, to roughly 30 seconds, and reduces the security interaction from 25 seconds to about 10 seconds, said Greg Forbes, Delta’s managing director of airport experience. While a “simple change,” the time savings add up, making the line noticeably faster, Mr. Forbes added.

“Anywhere that there’s PreCheck, I think, could benefit from Digital ID,” Mr. Forbes said.

Other airlines have begun similar experiments for PreCheck travelers: Those flying on American Airlines can use their faces to get through PreCheck screening at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and also to enter the airline’s lounge at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. United Airlines allows PreCheck travelers to use their faces at bag drop counters at Chicago O’Hare International Airport; the airline is scheduled to bring this program to Los Angeles International Airport in March.

And Alaska Airlines plans to spend $2.5 billion over the next three years in upgrades, including new bag drop machines, in Seattle, Portland, Ore., San Francisco, Los Angeles and Anchorage. A machine will scan the traveler’s ID, match it to a photo, and then scan the printed bag tags. The new system, designed to move guests through the bag tagging and dropping process in less than five minutes (compared to around eight minutes now), will be in Portland in May.

Charu Jain, the airline’s senior vice president of innovation and merchandising, said that it felt like the right moment for Alaska because of improved technology and increasing passenger familiarity with facial recognition.

At the borders

The fastest growing use of facial recognition software at U.S. airports so far has been in security measures for entering and exiting the United States.

The growth stems from a 2001 congressional mandate , in the wake of 9/11, requiring the implementation of a system that would allow all travelers arriving and departing the United States to be identified using biometric technology.

Overseen by the Customs and Border Protection agency, the biometric system for those entering the United States is in place, and scanned 113 million entries at airports last year. For those leaving the country, the system is available at 49 airports, with the C.B.P. aiming to cover all airports with international departures by 2026.

Biometric entry is mandatory for foreign nationals. But biometric exit is currently optional for these travelers, while C.B.P. is making the system fully operational. At any border, the biometric process is optional for U.S. citizens, who can instead request a manual ID check.

Diane Sabatino, acting executive assistant commissioner for field operations at C.B.P., said that the system aims to improve security, but she acknowledged rising privacy concerns. Images of American citizens taken during the process are deleted within 12 hours, she said, but photos of foreign nationals are stored for up to 75 years .

“We are not scanning the crowd looking for people,” she said. “It’s certainly a privacy issue. We are never going to ask them to sacrifice privacy for convenience.”

Miami International Airport, the second busiest airport in the United States for international passengers last year, has one of the “largest deployments” of biometrics in the country, airport executives say. In a partnership with SITA , a global information technology provider for the air transport industry, the airport has installed the technology for departing passengers at 74 out of 134 gates and plans to cover the remaining gates by the end of this year, said Maurice Jenkins, chief innovation officer at Miami-Dade Aviation Department.

The contract with SITA costs $9 million, but Mr. Jenkins said that the new technology was increasing efficiency in the rest of the airport’s operations, such as fewer gate agents checking documents.

Document-free travel overseas

Experts believe the future of air travel is one where facial recognition will be used throughout the entire airport journey: bag drop, boarding, even entering lounges and purchasing items at retail stores within the airport. It may be so streamlined that security checkpoints could be eliminated, replaced instead by security “tunnels” that passengers walk through and have their identity confirmed simultaneously.

“This is the future,” said Dr. Sheldon Jacobson, a computer science professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who researches aviation security.

According to a recent report by SITA , in which 292 airlines and 382 airports around the world were surveyed, 70 percent of global airlines are expected to use some sort of biometric identification by 2026 and 90 percent of airports are currently investing in the technology.

More comprehensive experimentation has already landed at some airports abroad. Later this year, Singapore’s Changi Airport intends to go passport-free for departures ; all passengers, regardless of nationality, will be able use this system. At Frankfurt Airport in Germany, passengers can now use their face s from the time they check-in to boarding. The airport is installing biometric technology throughout its two terminals and making it available to all airlines.

In China, 74 airports — 86 percent of the country’s international airports — have biometric technology in place, according to a report released last month by the global market research company Euromonitor and the U.S. Travel Association . At Beijing Capital International Airport , the country’s busiest airport, travelers can use facial recognition throughout their entire journey, even to pay for items at duty-free shops.

But in the United States, according to the report, only about 36 percent of international airports have some biometric capabilities.

There are several reasons for the country’s lagging adoption, said Kevin McAleenan, the former acting secretary for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and currently chief executive of Pangiam, a travel technology company. Simply, the United States has many airports and the immigration exit process here is different from other places.

At many airports overseas, the government controls immigration for departing travelers, allowing these airports to have a government-established biometric system.

In the United States, airlines, using C.B.P. passenger data , confirm the identities of travelers leaving the country.

Concerns over government surveillance

Biometrics use has already seeped into daily life. People unlock their phones with their faces. Shoppers can pay for groceries with their palms at Whole Foods .

But critics believe that the technology’s convenience fails to outweigh a high potential for abuse — from unfettered surveillance to unintended effects like perpetuating racial and gender discrimination.

Cody Venzke, senior policy counsel on privacy and technology at the American Civil Liberties Union, said the government had not yet shown a demonstrated need for facial recognition technology at airports and worried about a “nuclear scenario.”

“Facial recognition technology,” he said, could be “the foundation for a really robust and widespread government surveillance and tracking network.”

“That technology might be able to be used to track you automatically and surreptitiously, from place to place, as you go about your day, and create a really detailed mosaic about everything about your life,” Mr. Venzke said.

The A.C.L.U. supports a congressional bill, introduced last November, called the Traveler Privacy Protection Act . Listing concerns over security and racial discrimination , the bill would halt the T.S.A.’s ongoing facial recognition program, and require congressional authorization for the agency to resume it.

Ms. Conley, of the T.S.A., said that a stop in the agency’s biometrics efforts would “take us back years.”

For some travelers, facial recognition has already become a reliable tool. At J.F.K. on a recent afternoon, Brad Mossholder, 45, used Delta’s Digital ID line to breeze through the security screening at Terminal 4 and bypass a dozen travelers in the adjacent PreCheck lane.

He was flying from his home in New York to San Diego for his job in corporate retail, and as a frequent business traveler, has used facial recognition several times. The process is faster and easier overall, Mr. Mossholder said, and he wasn’t worried about privacy.

“Honestly, my photo is on LinkedIn, it’s on a million social media sites,” he said. “If you really wanted to see a picture of me, you could.”

Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram and sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to get expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation. Dreaming up a future getaway or just armchair traveling? Check out our 52 Places to Go in 2024 .

Christine Chung is a Times reporter covering airlines and consumer travel. More about Christine Chung

Open Up Your World

Considering a trip, or just some armchair traveling here are some ideas..

Italy :  Spend 36 hours in Florence , seeking out its lesser-known pockets.

Southern California :  Skip the freeways to explore the back roads between Los Angeles and Los Olivos , a 100-mile route that meanders through mountains, canyons and star-studded enclaves.

Mongolia : Some young people, searching for less curated travel experiences, are flocking to the open spaces of this East Asian nation .

Romania :  Timisoara  may be the most noteworthy city you’ve probably never heard of , offering just enough for visitors to fill two or three days.

India: A writer fulfilled a lifelong dream of visiting Darjeeling, in the Himalayan foothills , taking in the tea gardens and riding a train through the hills.

52 Places:  Why do we travel? For food, culture, adventure, natural beauty? Our 2024 list has all those elements, and more .

Cellphones fail. Should you have a landline phone for emergencies?

A widespread outage of mobile phone service shows the necessity of emergency backup plans when your phone doesn’t work.

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During an AT&T Wireless service outage Thursday , multiple cities’ emergency services suggested using a landline if you need to call 911.

You might have thought: What landline?

Only about a quarter of American households have a landline phone. Last year, about three-quarters of calls to 911 were made from a cellphone, according to the Federal Communications Commission.

But mobile phone service doesn’t always work. (Landlines also fail sometimes.) For safety in emergencies like outages of electrical power or cell service, should we have a landline to call for help?

After talking to experts, my conclusion is probably not — at least for most of us. But it’s worth making a backup plan in case you need help, or just to call the burger place when cellphones fail.

I have advice below on how to call and text during cell outages.

Moments like Thursday’s wireless service outage also show that our fast-changing technology habits are a challenge to the capabilities of 911 services. Here’s what you need to know.

How to call and text when you don’t have cellphone service:

If you have WiFi at home or work, you can typically route phone calls and texts that way. And if your WiFi is turned on, emergency services know where you are even if the call doesn’t go through.

To turn on WiFi calling for an iPhone, go the Settings app and tap “Cellular.” Look for “WiFi Calling” and turn it on.

On Android phones, try tapping the Phone app. From the three vertical dots in the upper right corner, select Settings. Select “Calls” and then “WiFi Calling.” Turn the setting on if it isn’t already. (The instructions may vary depending on which Android model you own.)

Use your phone’s SOS service: If your cellphone service isn’t working, check if you have the “SOS” icon in the upper right corner of your phone. You can still dial 911. And with some newer iPhones, there’s an option to route emergency requests over a satellite connection .

Have a backup cell provider in your home or a neighbor’s: Brian Fontes, CEO of NENA, an organization that represents 911 agencies, said that he’s planning to chat with a group of neighbors about which cellphone providers they have. That way, if one person has Verizon and that provider has an outage, she knows to reach out to a neighbor with T-Mobile.

You can also consider having a second cellphone or Apple Watch on a different cellphone provider from your primary mobile phone.

Use a calling app like WhatsApp, Zoom or FaceTime : It won’t help you reach emergency services, but if you want to call a buddy and have internet service at home or a coffee shop, you can still call and send messages.

DO NOT call 911 to “test” if your phone is working. Some emergency systems said they were getting calls Thursday from people checking if their cellphones could reach 911. Don’t do that. “If you can successfully place a non-emergency call to another number via your cell service then your 911 service will also work,” Massachusetts officials posted on X.

Our technology is a challenge to emergency services

Not long ago, just about every call to 911 came from a landline phone number that was associated with your address. Emergency services knew where you were even if you couldn't speak.

Now it's more complicated.

Emergency services have to try to pinpoint where you are if you’re dialing 911 from a boat in the Gulf of Mexico, or if you’re on the 14th floor of an office building and not the 2nd. Emergency responders get automated 911 calls from Apple Watch devices and crash-detection services in cars. In some places, you can text 911.

Most of the time, 911 centers know where you are. But sometimes they don't.

“You're hitting on the deepest problem in 911,” said Jacob Saur, administrator of Arlington County Public Safety Communications and Emergency Management in Virginia.

Tom Wheeler is one of nine former FCC commissioners who recently asked Congress to fund a digital modernization of 911 emergency response systems.

They say the modernization will let emergency agencies always know your exact location, show responders the floor plan of a building on fire, and give medical teams the ability to do video call assessments of car crash scenes.

Some 911 systems have those capabilities today. Others don't.

“In our everyday lives as consumers, we have incorporated the benefits of digital technology,” Wheeler said. “Why haven’t we incorporated it into public safety?”

(Wheeler said he’s an investor and adviser in RapidSOS, a company that provides technology to 911 centers.)

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