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Oracle / PLSQL: Declaring Variables
This Oracle tutorial explains how to declare variables in Oracle/PLSQL with syntax and examples.
What is a variable in Oracle?
In Oracle/PLSQL, a variable allows a programmer to store data temporarily during the execution of code.
The syntax for declaring variables in Oracle is:
Parameters or Arguments
Example - declaring a variable.
Below is an example of how to declare a variable in Oracle called LDescription .
You can then later set or change the value of the LDescription variable, as follows:
Example - Declaring a variable with an initial value (not a constant)
Below is an example of how to declare a variable in Oracle and give it an initial value. This is different from a constant in that the variable's value can be changed later.
You could later change the variable's value, as follows:
Example - Declaring a constant
Below is an example of how to declare a constant in Oracle. The value of a constant can not be changed.
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Dynamically Create Variables and Assign Them in PL/SQL Code
Question and answer.
Thanks for the question, Caga.
Asked: September 02, 2015 - 5:14 pm UTC
Last updated: September 15, 2015 - 2:16 am UTC
Version: 10.2.0.4
and Connor said...
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How do I assign a variable?
I want to develop a query that filters by a variable.
I have found multiple examples that say I need to use DECLARE block. So, I tried what works in a PL SQL package. It does not work in SQL Developer.
So, using SQL Developer, how do I create a variable, set the value and then use it like illustrated below...
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Data Stitch: Append and Assign for repeating elements
Data Stitch has ASSIGN, APPEND and REMOVE operations. Some use-cases are easy to grasp; some others require a little thinking... On this blog I‘ll explain behaviors I deem they are not straightforward to derive the outcome for using Data Stitch in a OIC Orchestration:
- Assigning into unbounded elements (aka - Repeating Elements)
- Appending instances into an unbounded element and how to complete the data.
I assume you are familiar with XPath Expressions and XSD Schemas, because there is a lot a lingo in this post. I'll try to explain them, but I might miss some.
You will not see many screen shots. My goal is to give you the concepts so you become a good data ...“tailor?” ... data Stitcher.
Expect some twisted humor here and there; more often that none. I love this quote: Perfection is boring; therefor I laugh of my mistakes .
For Data Stitch Sentences
(TO XPath expression).OPERATION(FROM XPath expression)
($v1/ns0:customer/ns0:name).ASSIGN(“Jorge Herreria”)
On explanations you will see step/step/step/… in location paths. I’m going to omit the namespace prefixes, and just put the local-name on each step; looking to make it easy to read… However on actual XPathExpressions you’ll see prefixes.
Prerequisites
Enable following features:
- oic.ics.console.integration.stitch-action
- oic.ics.console.integration.complex-variables
To enable feature flags – Refer to Blog Enabling Feature Flags in Oracle Integration
The minimum Oracle Integration version required for the feature is 200113.1400.33493
Use-case 1: Populating more than one instance on an unbounded simple element with attributes.
Oh oh, did I lose you already? If you have understood the use case from its name then I did a good job naming it and you can jump into the Explanation section otherwise keep reading… you are going to kill me!
Explanation
Here’s the schema code snipped. The name element is a simple element with an attribute named lang . The name element is unbounded. Unbounded means it can hold many instances.
< xsd :element name ="item" maxOccurs ="unbounded" minOccurs ="0" > < xsd :complexType > < xsd :sequence > < xsd :element name ="name" maxOccurs ="unbounded" minOccurs ="0" > < xsd :complexType > < xsd :simpleContent > < xsd :extension base ="xsd:string" > < xsd :attribute name ="lang" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd :extension > </ xsd :simpleContent > </ xsd :complexType > </ xsd :element > < xsd :element name ="quantity" minOccurs ="0" > < xsd :complexType > < xsd :simpleContent > < xsd :extension base ="xsd:float" > < xsd :attribute name ="uom" type ="xsd:string" /> </ xsd :extension > </ xsd :simpleContent > </ xsd :complexType > </ xsd :element > < xsd :element name ="prices" maxOccurs ="1" minOccurs ="0" type ="PriceType" nillable ="true" /> </ xsd :sequence > </ xsd :complexType > </ xsd :element >
Setup / initial state
Here’s the Schema – almost all of it.
The following global variable has been defined:
- vFreeCarItem has not data.
Desired Outcome
Populate the $vFreeCartItem/item with 2 name instances, one in en-us and another in sp-mex. Here’s what should look like:
$vFreeCartItem:
The following stitches will do the job:
- ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name) . APPEND (“bluetooth keyboard”)
- ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name[1]/@lang) . ASSIGN (“en-us”)
- ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name) . APPEND (“teclado bluetooth”)
- ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name[2]/@lang) . ASSIGN (“sp-mex”)
Solution Explanation
Stitch #1 -($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name) . ASSIGN (“bluetooth keyboard”) - will create:
You might ask - Can I use ASSIGN instead of APPEND for Stitch #1?
I’ll respond– Yest with a but! ASSIGN will produce the same output, because the $vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name is empty; further down I explain the ASSIGN behavior when the target is not empty.
Stitch #2 - ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name[1]/@lang) . ASSIGN (“en-us”) - will produce:
You might ask – Why [1] predicate? Shouldn’t it be [0]? - I will lift my left eyebrow and say - Aha, caught you red-handed! You forgot the detail from XML/XPath Expressions is [1] based. – Do not worry, I can’t lift a single eyebrow at the time.
You might ask - Why this time ASSIGN was used and not APPEND?
Me - Because the ns0:name[1] instance already exist. Doing APPEND will add a new instance and then assign "en-us" to that new one.
Stitch #3 - ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name) . APPEND (“teclado bluetooth”)
- will produce:
Stitch 4 will finish the job. ($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name[2]/@lang) . ASSIGN (“sp-mex”) produces:
You might say - Hold your horses Jorge! Why make it simple if we can make it complicated? – squinting your eyes you continue – What happens if I guff it and do the following in Stich 4?
($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name[ 4 ]/@lang) . ASSIGN (“sp-mex”)
I will smile knowing that you are now getting it – It will produce the following :
Me - This one is a brain chewing gum.... The reasons are irrelevant, knowing what the xpath engine will do is the goal.
Use-case 2: Assign into populated unbounded element
This use case is to respond the question: What happens if an ASSIGN is made into an unbounded element?
There are two sub-use-cases: With or Without indicating which instance of the unbounded element.
Use-case 2 Sub 1: Assign into populated unbounded element without indicating which instance
Initial State
$ vFreeCartItem has
($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name) . ASSIGN (“magic path”)
$ vFreeCartItem gets changed to:
Explanation: No needed… ok ,ok, ok! ASSIGN is a full replacement of the element in the TO xpath expression. In above example, only name instances are affected; name sibling elements are not affected. Did you noticed the @lang is also gone?
Use-case 2 Sub 2: Assign into populated unbounded element indicating which instance with a predicate
< item xmlns ="http://www.jorge.herreria.net/cart" > < name lang ="en-us" > bluetooth keyboard </ name > < name lang ="sp-mex" > teclado bluetooth </ name > < name lang ="fr" > clavier bluetooth </ name > < quantity uom ="ea" > 1.0 </ quantity > </ item >
($vFreeCartItem/ns0:item/ns0:name [2] ) .ASSIGN(“XXX”)
$ vFreeCartItem gets
< item xmlns ="http://www.jorge.herreria.net/cart" > < name lang ="en-us" > bluetooth keyboard </ name > < name lang ="sp-mex" > XXX </ name > < name lang ="fr" > clavier bluetooth </ name > < quantity uom ="ea" > 1.0 </ quantity > </ item >
Explanation: only the name of the second instance is affected
Recommendation:
Also read the blog " Data Stitch: Append for Complex Content Elements ". It explains other cases not covered in this blog
https://blogs.oracle.com/integration/data-stitch-append-for-complex-content-elements
Jorge Herreria
Software developer 5..
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Visually Create an Action Chain
Here, we'll use the Action Chain editor's Design mode to assemble built-in actions into a sequence that performs a task. Each action performs a specific function and returns results that can serve as inputs for subsequent actions.
To visually create an action chain:
To have your new action chain started by a custom event that's triggered by a Fire Event action in another action chain, see Add a Fire Event Action .
To have your new action chain started by a component event, select the component on the Page Designer's canvas, and in the Properties pane use the Events tab to create a new event, event listener and action chain for the component. For further details, see Start an Action Chain From a Component and Start an Action Chain By Firing a Custom Event .
To have an action chain started when a variable’s value changes, open the relevant Variables tab, at the application , flow, or page level, and select the variable. In the Properties pane, select the Events tab and click + Event Listener . A new onValueChanged event is automatically created for the variable, and you're presented with a window for you to either select an existing action chain or create a new one. For further details, see Start an Action Chain When a Variable Changes .
For more about events and event listeners, refer to Work with Events and Event Listeners .
- Define the input parameters using the Add link for the Parameters property in the Properties pane.
- If your action chain is to be started by another action chain, the input parameters are passed through the call to your new action chain.
- If your action chain is to be started by a component, select the component on the Page Designer’s canvas and in the Properties pane select the Events tab. Use the Assign link for the Input Parameters property.
- If your action chain is to be started by a variable, open the relevant Variables tab ( application , flow, or page level), and in the Properties pane select the Events tab. Use the Assign link for the Input Parameters property.
You are now ready to add the actions that will compose the action chain.
- If an action you need isn't available in the Actions palette, add the Code action to add your own block of code, or create a custom action if you think you'll need it in the future. For details about how to create a custom action, see Custom Actions .
As shown above, the Structure pane displays a compact view of the actions and it provides a filter to quickly find and select an action.
- Continue to add and configure actions until your action chain is complete. The action chain is saved automatically as you make changes.
Example of How to Create an Action Chain
The interface has:
- Two for entering the numbers to add or subtract (Num. 1, Num. 2)
- One for entering either a plus or minus sign (Operator)
- One to display the result (Answer)
- One button (=) that triggers the action chain that performs the operation and displays the result
Here, we create the action chain that either adds or subtracts two numbers and displays the result:
The new action chain opens in the Action Chain editor.
- Using the Properties pane, enter Adder_Subtractor for the action chain’s ID field, and optionally a description.
Nothing needs to be returned by this action chain, so we don’t need to define a return type.
- Start by dragging and dropping the If action from the Action Palette onto the canvas.
To handle this case, let’s add a call to a simple action chain, which we'll create, that returns the sum of two numbers.
The action chain has been created and set for the Action Chain ID property.
The Actions Chain editor is now loaded with the Add_Numbers action chain.
- In the Properties pane, click the Add link for the Parameters property and add two input parameters for the numbers to add: num1 and num2 .
- Since the action chain needs to return a number, you need to define its return type by clicking the Return Type field's down-arrow and selecting Number .
The editor is now loaded with the Adder_Subtractor action chain.
You now need to assign the result from the Add_Numbers action chain to the page variable that’s bound to the text component that displays the answer.
Next, we need an Else If condition to handle the case when a user enters a minus sign for the operator.
- Change the Else condition into an Else If by entering operator_ip === '-' for the Condition field, in the Properties pane.
Our action chain is now complete.
- At this point it makes sense to create some unit tests to test your new action chain. For details on how to do so, refer to Test Action Chains .
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Use a DECLARE section and insert the following SELECT statement in BEGIN and END;. Acces the variable using &stupidvar. Use the keyword DEFINE and access the variable. Using the keyword VARIABLE and access the the variable. But I am getting all kinds of errors during my tries (Unbound variable, Syntax error, Expected SELECT INTO ...). sql oracle
How do I declare and use variables in Oracle? Ask Question Asked 12 years, 7 months ago Modified 3 years, 3 months ago Viewed 276k times 26 My main skills are with SQL Server, but I have been asked to do some tuning of an Oracle query. I have written the following SQL: declare @startDate int select @startDate = 20110501 And I get this error:
To assign a value to a variable, you use the assignment operator ( := ), for example: DECLARE l_customer_group VARCHAR2 ( 100) := 'Silver' ; BEGIN l_customer_group := 'Gold' ; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (l_customer_group); END ; Code language: PostgreSQL SQL dialect and PL/pgSQL (pgsql)
Syntax The syntax for declaring variables in Oracle is: variable_name [CONSTANT] datatype [NOT NULL] [:= | DEFAULT initial_value] Parameters or Arguments variable_name The name to assign to the variable. CONSTANT Optional. If specified, the variable's value is constant and can not be changed. datatype The datatype to assign to the variable.
1 Answer. You do not need PL/SQL for that, you can use plain SQL after initializing a bind variable, for example. variable v_pNBr number; exec :v_pNBr := 100150; select * from TARGETTABLE where PROCESSNBR = :v_pNbr; And SQL Developer will prompt for the value of the variable. PL/SQL code is executed on the database server and it does not ...
3.1.2 Declaring Objects in a PL/SQL Block. You can use objects or ADTs wherever built-in types such as CHAR or NUMBER can be used. Declare objects in the same way you declare built-in types. Example 3-2 declares object emp of type employee_typ. Then, the constructor for object type employee_typ initializes the object.
The guidelines for variables in titles are: accept mycustomer char prompt 'Enter your company name: ' ttitle left 'Report generated for company &mycustomer' select last_name, job_id from employees order by job_id;
3.1 Assigning Substitution Variables to Bind Variables 3.2 Assigning Bind Variables to Substitution Variables 4 Using System Variables 4.1 System Variables Influencing Substitution Variables 4.1.1 SET CONCAT 4.1.2 SET DEFINE 4.1.3 SET ESCAPE 4.1.4 SET NULL 4.1.5 SET NUMFORMAT 4.1.6 SET NUMWIDTH 4.1.7 SET SQLPROMPT 4.1.8 SET VERIFY
Dynamically Create Variables and Assign Them in PL/SQL Code Hello,I'll try to keep the question as simple and short as possible.Is it possible to create say 10 variables of the same type (var01, var02, ...var10) and then assign them a value dynamically, without explicitly assigning them one by one?Basic idea being similar to:BEGINvar01 va
10 Answers Sorted by: 113 I am using the SQL-Developer in Version 3.2. The other stuff didn't work for me, but this did: define value1 = 'sysdate' SELECT &&value1 from dual; Also it's the slickest way presented here, yet. (If you omit the "define"-part you'll be prompted for that value) Share
How to get return value from pl sql procedure and assign it to variable? Ask Question Asked 8 years, 2 months ago Modified 3 years, 11 months ago Viewed 88k times 4 Code: execute x.procedurename (row.accc_no, row.bill_no, 0, null, row.total_balance, 'A',assgn_scen_site_cv, :assgn_scen_site_cv); Its my procedure.
Assign Variables This action is used to assign values to a set of variables. This action has two forms. The first is metadata-driven, where you can specify how assignment should be performed by using metadata. The second supports calling out to a custom assign variable function.
Call assign_bonus, which applies the bonus and also decrements the value of the l_total variable by that bonus amount. 19: Exit the loop if all the bonus funds have been exhausted. 22: Close the cursor. Note: This is a step Oracle Database performs with the SELECT-INTO statement.
How do I assign a variable? ToolTimeTabor Mar 12 2020 — edited Mar 18 2020 I want to develop a query that filters by a variable. I have found multiple examples that say I need to use DECLARE block. So, I tried what works in a PL SQL package. It does not work in SQL Developer.
101 SELECT INTO DECLARE the_variable NUMBER; BEGIN SELECT my_column INTO the_variable FROM my_table; END; Make sure that the query only returns a single row: By default, a SELECT INTO statement must return only one row.
How to assign variable as column value. Ask Question Asked 3 years, 11 months ago. Modified 3 years, 11 months ago. Viewed 180 times 0 I'm new with Oracle. This is something simple that I'm just not getting. I'm in a situation where I need to split a string with values separated by commas (i.e. 25,27) and "decode" it ...
You add an Assign Variables action to an action chain to map the source of some value to a variable. The variable can be used by other action chains or bound to a component. For example, if your action chain sends a request to a GET endpoint, you can use the Assign Variables action to map the response to a page variable bound to a page component.
oic.ics.console.integration.complex-variables; To enable feature flags - Refer to Blog Enabling Feature Flags in Oracle Integration. The minimum Oracle Integration version required for the feature is 200113.1400.33493. Use-case 1: Populating more than one instance on an unbounded simple element with attributes. Oh oh, did I lose you already?
how to assign value to variable in expression for a PL/SQL block? Ask Question Asked 11 years, 10 months ago Modified 10 years, 5 months ago Viewed 90k times 3 When I run this script it returns error in this statement no1:= (no1+no2)- (no2:=no1);
To set the variable's value, hover over the far-right side of the Value property and either click the down arrow to choose the value, or click fx to create an expression for the value.; If you need to do another assignment, click the + Assign Variable button in the Properties pane: Description of the illustration jsac-assign-another-var.png
2 Answers Sorted by: 2 If you want to store the value in a variable use something like below variable currDate varchar2 (100); exec :currDate:=to_char (SYSDATE, 'DD/MM/YYYY'); select :currDate from dual; :CURRDATE ---------- 13/05/2014 Or you can use anonymous pl/sql block to do this
If your action chain is to be started by a variable, open the relevant Variables tab (application, flow, or page level), and in the Properties pane select the Events tab. Use the Assign link for the Input Parameters property. If your action chain needs to return a payload, click the canvas to bring up the action chain in the Properties pane.