diabetes topics research paper

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Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels. Diabetes can be caused by the pancreas not producing insulin (type 1 diabetes) or by insulin resistance (cells do not respond to insulin; type 2 diabetes).

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• Diabetes complications
• Diabetes insipidus
• Gestational diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

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Diabetes-related complications: Which research topics matter to diverse patients and caregivers?

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
• 2 Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
• 3 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Centre [Health of populations and best health practices axis], Quebec City, QC, Canada.
• PMID: 29165920
• PMCID: PMC5867328
• DOI: 10.1111/hex.12649

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Although research has improved its treatment and management, little is known about which research topics matter to people living with diabetes, particularly among under-represented groups.

Objectives: To explore the importance of research topics among a diverse range of people living with any type of diabetes or caring for someone living with any type of diabetes.

Methods: We used a convergent mixed-method design with quantitative and qualitative aspects. We surveyed a national sample of people living with diabetes and caregivers of people with diabetes, asking them to rate the importance of 10 predetermined important research topics. We also held three focus groups in two major cities to explore research concerns of people who are under-represented in research.

Results: 469 adults (57% men, 42% women) in Canada completed the online survey, indicating that all 10 areas of research mattered to them, with the highest ratings accorded to preventing and treating kidney, eye and nerve complications. Fourteen individuals participated in three focus groups and similarly noted the importance of research on those three complications. Additionally, focus group participants also noted the importance of research around daily management. No new topics were identified.

Conclusions: This study confirmed the importance of research topics among a population of people living with or caring for someone with diabetes. Findings from this study were used to inform the vision for Diabetes Action Canada-a pan-Canadian Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Network on diabetes and its complications.

Keywords: diabetes; diabetes-related complications; participatory research; patient engagement; patient involvement; patient-oriented research; stakeholder voice; under-represented populations.

© 2017 The Authors Health Expectations Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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• v.62(2); 2013 Feb

Diabetes Research: A Perspective From the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

This is the third in a series of articles, invited by the editors of Diabetes , that describes the research programs and aims of organizations committed to funding and fostering diabetes-related research. The first piece, contributed by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, appeared in the January 2012 issue of Diabetes . The second piece that describes the American Diabetes Association’s research program appeared in the June 2012 issues of Diabetes and Diabetes Care .

The growing human and economic toll of diabetes has caused consternation worldwide. Not only is the number of people affected increasing at an alarming rate, but onset of the major forms of the disease occurs at ever younger ages. We now know that the reach of diabetes extends far beyond the classic acute metabolic and chronic vascular complications to increased risk of an ever-increasing array of conditions including Alzheimer disease, cancer, liver failure, bone fractures, depression, and hearing loss. In the U.S. one in three Medicare dollars is spent on care of people with diabetes, and the proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk attributable to diabetes is rising. While complications of diabetes may develop slowly over decades, antecedents of diabetes may lay in utero or early life. Thus the breadth of meaningful research extends across the life span, ranging from studies of how the in utero environment alters diabetes risk to improved understanding of the special needs of older patients with diabetes.

Since the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) was established in 1950, we have seen huge progress in our ability to predict, classify, and treat diabetes and its complications as well as to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. Landmark NIDDK-led clinical trials have demonstrated that glucose control can dramatically reduce diabetes complications, and lifestyle change producing modest weight loss, or the drug metformin, can substantially reduce development of type 2 diabetes. Were it not for this progress, the toll from rising rates of the major forms of diabetes would be much higher.

Despite a challenging fiscal climate, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) expends over $1 billion on diabetes research annually. NIDDK accounts for about two-thirds of this total, and we are determined that these resources will be invested wisely and balanced among competing priorities. We must address the most compelling practical questions about clinical management and prevention of diabetes and its complications while also uncovering and exploiting novel pathways that will provide new targets and approaches to combat the disorder. Last year, a new strategic plan for diabetes research ( 1 ) was issued under NIDDK's leadership with input from over 100 scientists and multiple federal agencies and components of NIH. The plan highlights progress and opportunities in 10 key areas as well as resource and infrastructure needs. Conquering diabetes will require a wide range of expertise and talent from molecular and cell biology to behavioral and social sciences. Development and empowerment of this human capital is critical to this endeavor, including facilitating multidisciplinary collaborations and the application of new technologies to diabetes research. Here we will touch on highlights of our diabetes research priorities and initiatives, referring readers to the Diabetes Research Strategic Plan ( 1 ) for a more comprehensive analysis of advances and opportunities.

ENHANCING THE DIABETES RESEARCH WORKFORCE

A well-trained and diverse scientific workforce is essential to our efforts to improve outcomes for people with or at risk for diabetes. To ensure a pipeline of new well-trained investigators in basic and clinical disciplines, NIDDK supports training grant, fellowship, and career award mechanisms to provide opportunities for investigators at all stages of the career trajectory. These are supplemented by programs targeted to specific needs, such as our medical student research program in diabetes, which allows medical students to conduct research under the direction of an established scientist at one of our seventeen NIDDK-funded Diabetes Research Centers; supplements to research and training grants to foster recruitment of underrepresented minority scientists to diabetes research; and institutional career development programs to attract pediatric endocrinologists to careers in childhood diabetes research. It is increasingly important to build multidisciplinary research teams and train multidisciplinary researchers. We are establishing interdisciplinary training grants to promote diabetes research training for bioengineers as well as career development programs in diabetes research for behavioral scientists. We will continue to foster the application of new expertise, for example in computational science and bioinformatics, to diabetes research problems. To help new investigators transition to independence, we also provide a less stringent pay line for early career investigators. We also invite new investigators with NIDDK research or career development grants to participate in NIDDK workshops designed to help them succeed as independent investigators.

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

To uncover new approaches to prevention and therapy of diabetes and its devastating complications, NIDDK will continue to support a robust portfolio of investigator-initiated basic research. NIDDK has recently developed data on application and funding trends to help our research community understand the application and funding dynamics over recent years. This information is available at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/Funding/Grants/FundingTrendsandValues.htm . It shows that relative funding levels of most research categories have remained fairly stable since 2003, and demonstrates our continuing strong support of investigator-initiated research project grants or R01s and training and career development programs. Information on resources to empower researchers, such diabetes centers, human islets, mouse models, reagents, and databases, and on funding opportunities and staff to contact in specific program areas is available at http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/Research/ScientificAreas/Diabetes/ .

DIABETES PREVENTION

Diabetes prevention is a major public health challenge. For type 2 diabetes, the NIDDK-led Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrated a dramatic effect of modest weight loss or the generic drug metformin in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes ( 2 ). Ongoing studies are examining the durability of this risk reduction, the cost effectiveness of the interventions, and their impact in reducing diabetes complications. To facilitate translation of landmark clinical research into clinical practice and public health activities, NIDDK established a program to test practical, cost-effective approaches to deliver interventions proven efficacious in clinical trials for effectiveness in community and practice settings. One such NIDDK-supported study of a lifestyle change intervention delivered by YMCA fitness trainers ( 3 ) already is being rolled out nationwide by the YMCA with coverage from insurers such as United Health Group. In another promising approach, diabetes educators trained selected patients with well-controlled diabetes to serve as community health workers delivering a lifestyle intervention based on the DPP to community members with prediabetes ( 4 ). This NIDDK-funded research provides a basis for a new congressionally established National Diabetes Prevention Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to foster delivery of evidence-based lifestyle change programs for people at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Given the sustained effort required to achieve and maintain lifestyle change, much additional research is needed to improve, disseminate, and evaluate type 2 diabetes prevention programs in the U.S. Approaches are also needed to reduce the development of risk factors for diabetes. Of particular importance are studies to reduce environmental exposures during pregnancy or childhood that may increase diabetes and obesity risk.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising worldwide and the disease is occurring at younger ages suggesting an environmental trigger is responsible. Bold new programs aimed at preventing type 1 diabetes have been undertaken with support from the Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research, which provides $150 million per year through 2013 for type 1 diabetes research. These special funds are in addition to the regular NIH appropriation. One program established under the program, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY), has screened nearly half a million neonates to establish a cohort of over 8,000 at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Participants will be followed from birth through 15 years of age to identify dietary, infectious, microbiome, or other environmental triggers of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and to study the interaction between environmental factors and specific genetic variations associated with disease risk. Identification of an infectious agent or dietary factor that triggers or protects against the disease would have immense implications for prevention through the development of a vaccine or dietary change. Also with special program support, the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet is identifying individuals recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes or at high risk of developing the disease and testing interventions to prevent diabetes or to slow its progression. Selective immune modulation has been shown to preserve insulin secretion in newly diagnosed patients, and TrialNet is exploring the use of one such agent, teplizumab, to prevent type 1 diabetes in individuals at very high short-term risk of type 1 diabetes. In the future, combination therapies aimed at modulating multiple steps of the toxic immune response and restoring immunoregulation may produce a clinically significant delay in onset and ultimately the prevention of type 1 diabetes.

CLINICAL TRIALS TO INFORM DIABETES MANAGEMENT

While information on how to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes has grown rapidly, adequate data from rigorous clinical trials are not available to inform many routine decisions on care for patients with diabetes. Current guidelines are moving away from a “one size fits all” approach to incorporate factors such as diabetes duration and the presence of complications or other comorbidities. However, we lack information to individualize therapy based on demographic, physiologic, or genetic variation. Improved understanding of the genetic, physiologic, and environmental factors that underlie diabetes mellitus are necessary for more individualized diabetes treatment.

Numerous drugs are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, based largely on relatively short-term efficacy in glycemic reduction. However, it is not known whether particular drugs or drug combinations will have more durable effects in the maintenance of glucose control. NIDDK is supporting a large comparative effectiveness trial to inform the choice of second agent when metformin alone is inadequate for glycemic control. This multicenter randomized trial will provide information on health benefits as well as cost effectiveness of widely used treatments.

Small studies suggest it may be possible to preserve β-cell function during prediabetes and early in the course of type 2 diabetes. Major questions include the optimal timing of interventions, whether specific treatments have maximum benefit at different stages of the disease, and what patient characteristics influence the choice of initial therapy for individuals. A newly formed consortium will examine the approaches to the initial treatment of type 2 diabetes that may reverse or slow the decline in β-cell function over time.

While major trials have established the importance of blood pressure and lipid control in reducing CVD in type 2 diabetes, much less is known about how cardiovascular risk factors should be managed in type 1 diabetes. When blood pressure and lipid lowering should begin and optimal therapeutic targets remain to be established. Although type 1 diabetes increases the risk of CVD as much as 10-fold compared to an age-matched population, testing practical approaches to mitigate this risk is challenging due to the low incidence of CVD in the younger type 1 diabetes population. Such trials may require the development of the validated biomarkers discussed below.

Diabetes self-management training and promotion of effective self-care behaviors are vital to improving outcomes. The choices patients make daily about diet, physical activity, adherence to medications, self-monitoring, foot and dental care, and medical follow-up for early detection of complications are critical for improving diabetes outcomes. Research has established effective counseling and education strategies, including motivational interviewing, patient empowerment, and social and peer support. However, research is needed to expand the reach of such approaches to more patients and providers. NIDDK encourages research studying approaches such as group visits, telemedicine, and social media that may extend the impact of the limited workforce skilled in the provision of this care.

DIABETES IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS

Diabetes spares no age, sex, racial or ethnic group, yet each such group faces special challenges. Intensive glycemic control in youth may afford lifelong protection from complications yet infancy and adolescence pose unique challenges in attaining such control. Treatment priorities and optimal glycemic, blood pressure, and cholesterol targets to prevent complications and maintain quality of life may differ for older adults or those with limited life expectancy. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)-led Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study ( 5 ) showed that perinatal harm to mother and offspring occurs in pregnancy at lower levels of glycemia than previously appreciated. To identify gestational glycemic thresholds for longer-term effects on offspring and the risk of type 2 diabetes in mothers, NIDDK will support a follow-up study of this important cohort. NIDDK has also recently launched a study to explore approaches for the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus. It also remains to be established what treatments during pregnancy mitigate perinatal and/or long-term complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

The biologic and environmental risk factors that contribute to underlying racial and ethnic disparities are poorly understood. The alarming emergence of type 2 diabetes in youth overwhelmingly occurs in minority populations. Ominous data on poor risk factor control portends very poor outcomes for this vulnerable population. To address this threat, NIDDK recently completed a major multicenter trial comparing three approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth and a trial conducted in schools serving poor and minority children to prevent the development of risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

As better therapy for HIV infection, organ transplantation, cystic fibrosis, and other conditions improve survival, diabetes has emerged as an increasingly important complication. Critical questions must be addressed about optimal strategies to prevent and treat diabetes. For example, early diabetes diagnosis and treatment helped improve survival in people with cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD). An NIDDK-funded trial showed that chronic weight loss can be reversed with the institution of insulin therapy but not with repaglinide early in the course of CFRD before fasting hyperglycemia develops ( 6 ). A current initiative will support research to understand the pathogenesis of CFRD, which affects half of adults with cystic fibrosis. NIDDK will also encourage research on treatment and prevention of diabetes in HIV patients.

Exceptional contributions to understanding diabetes in special populations have emerged from NIDDK’s intramural research program. Spanning decades and generations, longitudinal studies of Pima Indians have uncovered physiologic, environmental, and genetic determinants of diabetes in the U.S. population with highest rates of type 2 diabetes. These studies have foreshadowed findings in the broader population, such as the contribution of intrauterine factors to childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes and the prognosis for these youth. Collaborations between intramural and extramural researchers studying individuals with severe insulin resistance and lipodystrophy have yielded important physiologic information and the emergence of leptin replacement therapy for lipodystrophy.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE IN DIABETES

Population health data are essential to inform prevention strategies for diabetes and its complications, to identify trends in the development of diabetes and diabetes complications in the general population and in subpopulations, and to measure gaps in the translation of proven therapies into practice. NIDDK has partnered with CDC to support the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. This multicenter study identifies cases of diabetes in people below 20 years of age in five geographically dispersed populations that encompass the ethnic diversity of the U.S.

SEARCH has found that 1 out of every 523 persons under 20 years of age has diabetes, and 15,000 children are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 3,700 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes annually ( 7 ). SEARCH also provides data on trends in incidence and risk factor control in the pediatric diabetes population.

So that information on diabetes can be obtained at lower cost than if an independent study were initiated, NIDDK provides substantial support for the diabetes components of major CDC-led efforts including the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey and the National Health Information Survey; partners with other components of NIH to enhance diabetes measures in ongoing studies; and offers support for investigator-initiated ancillary studies focused on diabetes. Of particular importance are collaborations with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to address the increasing proportion of CVD attributable to diabetes and issues such as balancing the cardiometabolic risks and benefits associated with statin use.

A third edition of the NIDDK publication Diabetes in America is currently in preparation. Diabetes in America provides a compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, and clinical data on diabetes and its complications in the U.S.

RESEARCH TO PRACTICE TRANSLATION

There is a substantial gap between the results achieved in clinical trials and the outcomes in real-world settings. This is particularly true for the minority racial and ethnic groups and low socioeconomic status populations that suffer a disproportionate diabetes burden. Addressing this disparity is a major focus of our multipronged translation research program. Newly established Centers for Diabetes Translation Research will serve as a key component of our program to translate efficacious research findings into practice and the community to improve the health of Americans with—or at risk for—diabetes. In addition, R34 planning grants and R18 translational clinical trial grants offer a targeted mechanism to test strategies to improve the delivery of evidence-based therapies to improve diabetes management or prevention. These programs test innovative methods to improve clinical care and translate research findings into cost-effective and sustainable clinical treatment strategies, including community-based approaches to make preventive measures as widely accessible and practical as possible. NIDDK has also partnered with CDC to support the Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D) Study, a research network designed to test the effectiveness and sustainability of population-targeted diabetes prevention and control policies emerging from health care systems, business and community organizations, and health care legislation. It includes large-scale natural experiments or effectiveness studies and rigorously designed prospective studies of diabetes prevention and control interventions. The National Diabetes Education Program, jointly sponsored by NIH and CDC, plays an important role in dissemination and translation of NIDDK-supported clinical research.

GENETICS OF TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Because knowledge of genetic risk factors has the potential for disease prediction, patient stratification, and insights into pathogenesis that can generate new approaches to prevention and treatment, NIDDK has expended considerable resources to apply state-of-the-art molecular and computational science to identify diabetes risk genes. Perhaps the most profound impact of these genetic discoveries has been in children with neonatal diabetes, who were often wrongly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and treated with insulin. Now children with mutations in the genes encoding the SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunits of the potassium ion channel that regulates insulin secretion are treated more safely and effectively with sulfonylurea drugs rather than insulin ( 8 ). Genetic testing for type 1 diabetes risk has made possible the TEDDY study and TrialNet prevention studies described above. The NIDDK-led international Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium helped increase the number of identified risk genes and gene regions from 3 only a decade ago to over 50 today. The challenge now is to understand how this variation contributes to disease pathogenesis opening up new therapeutic targets.

For type 2 diabetes, we are encouraged by the DPP finding that relative risk reduction with lifestyle change was as great in those carrying the high-risk TCF7L2 mutation as in other participants, despite higher rates of progression to diabetes. DPP also provided important pharmacogenetic data showing participants with a specific KCNJ11 variant or alterations in metformin transport genes were less protected by metformin. These observations offer the possibility of individualizing therapy based on genotype ( 9 ). However, despite substantial progress in identifying genetic variation contributing to type 2 diabetes risk in populations of European origin, there is a critical lack of information about genetic variation contributing to type 2 diabetes in disproportionately affected minority populations. NIDDK has established a consortium of investigators to identify genetic variation contributing to type 2 diabetes in minorities. With known risk genes explaining only a small fraction of the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes, the identification of epigenetic changes that may play a role in the transmission of diabetes risk across generations is assuming increasing importance.

DIABETES COMPLICATIONS

Research has identified many pathways contributing to glucose-induced damage to endothelial cells including elevated flux through polyol and hexosamine pathways, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, activation of proinflammatory pathways, and inactivation of protein kinase C. Yet many questions remain about how these pathways may interact and converge to increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria and how we can build on this new knowledge to develop therapies that can reduce ROS, reverse glycation, and lessen inflammation. Pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers must be identified in specific tissues, including mechanisms of injury to specialized cells such as podocytes and pericytes. The relative importance of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance is of particular interest in understanding the link between diabetes and Alzheimer disease.

A finite period of glycemic control has profound and long-lasting effects on the development of complications, a phenomenon termed metabolic memory ( 10 ). It has been proposed that the interaction of epigenetic changes with other persistent effects of hyperglycemia, such as glycation and oxidation of long-lived macromolecules, may explain this finding. Understanding pathways that contribute to metabolic memory may yield therapies targeted at the underlying molecular mechanisms. It may also help us learn about whether treatments that prevent the development of complications also prevent progression.

The course and development of long-term complications cannot be solely explained by the extent and duration of exposure to hyperglycemia. Genetic variation may explain why some people develop complications despite good control and others with poor control are protected. This information could yield undiscovered disease pathways and therapeutic targets, improve disease prediction over currently available clinical markers, and identify individuals for whom intensive therapy would be more or less beneficial. However, we know relatively little about genetic variation that may contribute to or protect from complications, and this is an important area for investigation.

We are also elucidating mechanisms that impair tissue repair and regeneration in diabetes, including dysfunction of endothelial and other stem cell populations. Identification of specific populations of stem or progenitor cells affected by diabetes and the extent to which damage is reversible is vital for understanding how complications of diabetes might be reversed by stimulating formation of normal new vessels and regrowth of nerves. Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells also holds promise for the repair of damaged tissues.

While rates of blindness, kidney failure, amputation, and CVD have fallen substantially in those with diabetes, population-wide lowering of CVD has outpaced that in people with diabetes and the share of CVD in the U.S. attributable to diabetes is rising. To address this challenge, NIDDK and NHLBI have collaborated in a number of major multicenter trials to establish effective approaches to reducing CVD in those with type 2 diabetes, including Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD), Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), and Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D). Results from ACCORD and other recent large clinical trials attempting to prevent CVD did not demonstrate a benefit of intensified near-normal glucose control on clinical CVD events in people with moderate to long-term diabetes duration and moderate to high CVD risk. More information is needed on the impact of diabetes duration and preexisting tissue damage on the ability to respond to therapies. Beyond the practical management questions addressed in clinical trials, new approaches to uncouple diabetes and CVD must be based on a mechanistic understanding of factors linking these conditions, including obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic perturbations, altered coagulation, neuropathy, and nephropathy, and how the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis differs between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

THE β-CELL

Impaired insulin production is key to all forms of diabetes. The extent to which it is possible to preserve and/or restore β-cell function early in the course of diabetes and whether β-cell recovery is possible later in the disease remains to be established. Both the nature and optimal timing of interventions to preserve β-cell function and the impact on clinical care and outcomes must be addressed. NIDDK has recently established the Restore Insulin SEcretion (RISE) consortium to explore approaches to remission of insulin secretory function early in type 2 diabetes. Investigators will study both pharmacologic interventions and bariatric surgery. The Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet studies approaches to slow β-cell loss early in the course of type 1 diabetes. Specific immunomodulatory therapies have been shown to preserve C-peptide, and additional strategies including intense metabolic control with continuous glucose monitoring and pump therapy at onset of disease are being investigated.

Mechanistic studies are necessary to understand why β-cells lose their ability to secrete insulin as well as the physiology underlying recovery and preservation of endogenous insulin secretion. Particularly encouraging is the finding of some residual C-peptide production in a substantial proportion of patients with long-established type 1 diabetes. Such individuals might be amenable to novel strategies under development to stimulate islet neogenesis with the potential to improve β-cell mass and function. The intriguing observation of diabetes remission after some forms of bariatric surgery must be investigated to establish durability of the effect and the characteristics of patients and procedures associated with remission. Elucidation of mechanisms underlying improved β-cell function after bariatric surgery is being pursued in both human studies and animal models potentially generating new approaches to restore β-cell function. Moreover, the recent identification of platelet-derived growth factor as a factor involved in the replication of β-cells in early life that are lost over time offers a potential pathway to β-cell regeneration ( 11 ).

Clinical studies of approaches to mitigate β-cell loss and/or restore function could be accomplished much more efficiently if more reliable biomarkers or methods to image β-cell mass or function were available. The development of such tools has been and continues to be a high priority of NIDDK. It may be facilitated by the identification of proteins expressed in β-cells and β-cell surface markers and antibodies through the Beta Cell Biology Consortium ( http://www.betacell.org ). This consortium is pursuing a multifaceted approach to correct the loss of β-cell mass in diabetes, including cell reprogramming, regeneration, and replacement. It is also supporting research to develop mouse models in which development and function of human islets can be studied. Also, because of differences between murine and human islets, NIDDK has established a resource, the Integrated Islet Distribution Program ( http://iidp.coh.org ), to make human cadaveric islets available to the research community.

The Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium, a joint effort of NIDDK and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is fostering development of islet transplantation as a cure for type 1 diabetic patients whose disease cannot be effectively managed with current methods of insulin administration or who have received a successful kidney transplant. Its ongoing trials aim to improve the methods of isolating and administering islets and minimizing the toxic effects of immunosuppressive drugs required for transplantation. NIDDK also supports collection, analysis, and communication of comprehensive and current data on all islet/β-cell transplants performed in North America, as well as some European and Australian centers through the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry. This clinical islet transplantation research is entirely supported through the special appropriation for type 1 diabetes research.

A trans-NIH Task Force cochaired by NIDDK, NHLBI, and NICHD coordinates NIH efforts to identify genetic, behavioral, and environmental causes of obesity to understand how obesity leads to type 2 diabetes, CVD, and other serious health problems and to build on basic and clinical research findings to develop and study innovative prevention and treatment strategies. One key goal is to understand how biologic, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical environmental factors interact to influence the development of obesity. For example, how do diet, exercise, and other factors influence reprogramming of neural circuits involved in regulating food intake and thermogenesis. Another goal is to identify distinct strategies that may be needed for achieving weight loss, maintaining weight loss, and preventing weight gain. Understanding responses to weight change that contribute to the very high recidivism to obesity may lead to effective strategies for maintenance of reduced body weight. These therapies might be quite different from those used to induce weight loss per se.

Childhood obesity has fueled the rise of type 2 diabetes in teens and young adults. An NIDDK-led randomized trial testing an intervention to improve nutrition and physical activity in middle schools serving high-risk children demonstrated efficacy in secondary outcomes, reducing BMI z -score and other indices of adiposity. However, the primary outcome of the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased in both the intervention and control schools perhaps due to information about the participating children’s health, which was sent to all families ( 12 ). Family-based interventions have been successful for childhood weight control, but strategies for translation and widespread implementation of such interventions in high-risk populations remain to be developed. The roles of technologies such as smartphones and social networking and of community organizations must be evaluated for their potential to support individualized and tailored delivery of interventions outside of the clinical setting.

At the molecular level, there has been an explosion of knowledge about the mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and excitement about potential therapeutic manipulation of adipose tissues based on the understanding of white adipose tissue heterogeneity, persistence of brown adipose tissue into adulthood, and metabolic flexibility of adipocytes. Tools and techniques have enabled researchers not only to define adipose anatomy and morphology but also to examine its dynamic function. Yet key questions remain about the mechanisms that determine adipocyte number and size, govern development and distribution, and link variation in body fat deposition to metabolic sequelae and macrophage recruitment and activation.

Particularly challenging but of utmost importance are studies to understand mechanisms by which obesity, hyperglycemia, or other metabolic factors in pregnant women may predispose their offspring to obesity or diabetes. Research is needed on how placental biology and the intrauterine environment shape neural circuits, adipose tissue, and islet development in the fetus. Studies relating differences in energy homeostasis and body composition to genetic variation and defining the critical developmental periods for imprinting maladaptive metabolic changes will contribute to understanding how metabolic fate may be programmed early in development.

The finding that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass not only causes profound weight loss but can also restore euglycemia through mechanisms that appear independent of weight loss makes identification of these mechanisms a very high priority with the potential to uncover new therapeutic pathways to treat and possibly reverse type 2 diabetes. NIDDK is pursuing this through clinical research on the response to various bariatric surgical procedures and through murine studies in which examination of defined procedures in genetically altered mice enables examination of the roles of specific pathways in the metabolic outcomes of these surgeries. Understanding the hormonal and neural controllers of energy balance will be key to designing potential drug combinations targeting multiple components of the regulatory system with additive or synergistic effects.

DIABETES RESOURCES

NIDDK supports numerous resources to improve the quality and multidisciplinary nature of research on diabetes by providing shared access to specialized resources. The NIDDK-supported Diabetes Research Centers, formerly known as Diabetes Endocrinology Research Centers and Diabetes Research and Training Centers, provide increased and cost-effective collaboration among multidisciplinary groups of investigators at institutions with an established, comprehensive research base in diabetes and related areas of endocrinology and metabolism. The National Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers ( http://www.mmpc.org ) provide a range of complex exams used to characterize mouse metabolism, hormones, energy balance, eating and exercise, organ function and morphology, physiology, and histology. NIDDK supported research consortia, such as the Beta Cell Biology Consortium ( http://www.betacell.org/ ) and the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas ( http://www.nursa.org/ ), provide data and reagents to the broader scientific community. Other important diabetes resources supported by NIDDK include a type 1 diabetes mouse repository at The Jackson Laboratory ( http://www.jax.org/t1dr/ ) and Islet Cell Resource Centers ( http://icr.coh.org/ ) that provide human islets for research.

Samples and data from the limited number of cohorts from large diabetes studies with well-characterized phenotypes at baseline and with longitudinal measurement of characteristics of interest are highly prized. To expand the usefulness of these major clinical studies by allowing the wider research community to access study materials beyond the end of the study or after a limited proprietary interval for ongoing studies, NIDDK has established biosample, genetics, and data repositories. Recently NIDDK has gone beyond the repository concept to create a living biobank, which provides investigators with the opportunity to obtain “on-demand” biological samples from selected individuals. This effort builds on the unique population of individuals at risk for the development of type 1 diabetes ascertained and monitored through TrialNet. The unprecedented availability of such samples and data may allow immunologists to understand early inciting events in type 1 pathogenesis.

APPLYING NEW TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES TO DIABETES RESEARCH AND PATIENT CARE

Large clinical trials have established the long-term benefits of intensive blood glucose control in lowing the risk of diabetes complications. However, insulin therapy is burdensome and limited by hypoglycemia. NIDDK has devoted considerable resources to develop technologies for accurate and rapid detection of glucose levels and appropriate adjustment of insulin delivery to create an artificial pancreas that simulates the functions of β-cells. Achieving this goal will require more accurate and robust glucose-sensing devices; more effective and rapidly acting insulin preparations; algorithms that align real-time glucose measurements with adjustment in insulin delivery; infusion devices that deliver insulin more effectively, conveniently, and physiologically; and fail-safe mechanisms to avoid hyper- or hypoglycemia. It will also be important to determine the benefit of combining insulin delivery with the delivery of the counterbalancing hormone glucagon to reduce hyperglycemia, and how timely transmission and remote interpretation of patient data may contribute to safety and efficacy. Research is ongoing to assess the capacity of current artificial pancreas technology to improve overall metabolism, increase patient well-being, restore hypoglycemia awareness, and preserve existing pancreatic β-cell function, as well as to understand the factors affecting its use and acceptance in different age-groups.

Advances in sensors, processors, memory storage, wireless communication, and Web-based data transport, processing, and sharing have applications not only to new therapies but also to many facets of diabetes research in free-living populations. These range from instruments that measure energy intake and physical activity to the application of continuous monitoring of blood glucose to enable exploration of questions about the impact on human health of glycemic excursions, which may not be captured by HbA 1c measurement. Such studies could address the question of whether and how hypoglycemia may contribute to CVD events. Studies of energy balance would benefit from tools to define the neural circuits and molecular mediators that regulate energy balance by sensing and responding to signals of energy status and tools to quantitate mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover and assess mitochondrial function. To assess the progression of diabetes, measures that directly measure β-cell mass are particularly important because current methods are all linked to β-cell function, which may have both reversible and irreversible components. Complications research could benefit from tools for the study of extracellular matrix proteins and their interactions with growth factors and circulating stem cells or for the study of epigenetic change or glycation and lipoxidation of proteins. Appropriate systems biology and computational tools are needed to facilitate the integration of sequencing, expression, proteome, and metabolome profiles to identify key biologic processes and their interactions. NIDDK seeks to foster development of paradigm-shifting technology and truly transformative tools through workshops, targeted funding opportunity announcements, and interdisciplinary research grants.

DIABETES AS A GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUE

Diabetes is a universal problem. The impact of diabetes is rapidly growing among populations in developing and middle-income countries; without action, deaths and disability due to diabetes will continue to increase substantially. NIDDK promotes international collaboration between investigators in the U.S. and scientists in other countries to develop and test strategies to stem the epidemic of diabetes at home and globally. Many other countries have health care and medical records systems that are particularly useful for clinical research on diabetes. NIDDK has collaborated globally on type 1 diabetes research through networks such as TEDDY and TrialNet to expand access to research participants and gain insight from research collaborators. Genetic research on diabetes also knows no boundaries and our research efforts have benefited from combined analysis of international cohorts. Global collaboration on type 2 diabetes is particularly relevant to understanding diabetes in immigrant and minority populations in the U.S. International collaborations offer unique opportunities to compare effects of different environmental exposures and understand why specific populations may be particularly vulnerable to diabetes.

Daunting as the challenge of diabetes appears, research has tremendously improved outcomes for people with the disorder. Were it not for declining rates of kidney disease, amputation, and CVD in people with diabetes, the burden associated with increased diabetes prevalence would be much greater. NIDDK recognizes the importance of collaboration with other components of NIH, other government agencies, and the diabetes voluntary organizations to realize the research progress. Our challenge is to stem the growing tide of diabetes through research ranging from understanding the fundamental processes underlying diabetes and its complications to studies of practical approaches to combat diabetes in medical and community settings.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Research Projects

The Division of Diabetes Translation (DDT) conducts and supports studies, often in collaboration with partners, to develop and apply sound science to reduce the burden of diabetes and to address the research needs of DDT programs and the diabetes community.

Analyses from various studies, such as LEAD and SEARCH, to help improve diabetes surveillance and guide decision-making.

Projects that use computer modeling to simulate long-term health and cost outcomes, financial burden, and cost-effectiveness of diabetes interventions.

Reviews of the effect of type 2 diabetes-related health policies on various populations, such as the NEXT-D2 study.

Research, including the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study (DPPOS), that evaluates the success of diabetes interventions and strategies.

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Diabetes Article Collection

We are pleased to offer free access to some popular diabetes articles until July 31, 2020.

As we are unable to meet you in person at conferences and meetings these days, we still would like to share recent research from Elsevier’s diabetes journals!

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Special article collection.

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

• Effects of Cannabis Use in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Highs, the Lows, the Don't Knows by Jill Pancer and Kaberi Dakupta
• Psychosocial Predictors of Response to Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Bariatric Surgery Patients by Kenya A. Costa-Dookhan, Samantha E. Leung, Stephanie E. Cassin, and Sanjeev Sockalingam

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

• Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations by Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Ritesh Gupta, Amerta Ghosh, and Anoop Misra
• Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers by Awadhesh K. Singh, Ritesh Gupta, and Anoop Misra

Diabetes & Metabolism

• Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg vs once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg as add-on to 1–3 oral antidiabetic drugs in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 10) by Matthew S. Capehorn et al.
• Effect of maternal lifestyle intervention on metabolic health and adiposity of offspring: Findings from the Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL) by Nora E. Grotenfelt et al.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

• Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed by Aihong Wang, Weibo Zhao, Zhangrong Xu, and Jianwen Gu
• Regression from prediabetes to normal glucose levels is more frequent than progression towards diabetes: The CRONICAS Cohort Study by María De Los Ángeles Lazo-Porras et al.

Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.)

• Feeding behavior pattern and glycosylated hemoglobin in people with type 2 diabetes at the beginning and end of an educational intervention by Marlene Roselló Araya and Sonia Guzmán Padilla
• Efficacy and safety of a rosehip seed oil extract in the prevention and treatment of skin lesions in the hands of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus caused by finger prick blood glucose monitoring; a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial by Ana Belén Aguirre-Romero et al.

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications

• Therapeutic lifestyle change intervention improved metabolic syndrome criteria and is complementary to amlodipine/atorvastatin by Hanaa S. Sallam et al.
• Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with an increased risk of incident frailty among new onset diabetic patients by Chia-Ter Chao et al.

• Commentary: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes by Michael A. Hill, Christos Mantzoros, and James R. Sowers
• Time for a paradigm shift in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus: coupling inflammation to islet regeneration by Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier and Benoit R. Gauthier

Obesity Medicine

• A novel hybrid approach for diagnosing diabetes mellitus using farthest first and support vector machine algorithms R. Delshi Howsalya Devi, Anita Bai, and N. Nagarajan
• The interaction between gene profile and obesity in type 2 diabetes: A review by Mojgan Sheikhpour et al.

Primary Care Diabetes

• Development and evaluation educational videos of diabetic foot care in traditional languages to enhance knowledge of patients diagnosed with diabetes and risk for diabetic foot ulcers by Eva Arna Abrar, Saldy Yusuf, Elly L. Sjattar, and Rini Rachmawaty
• The effectiveness of patient activation intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus glycemic control and self-management behaviors: A systematic review of RCTs by Nasser Almutairi, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, and Vinod Gopaldasani

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Acknowledgments

Connected content.

In a special series of the ADA Journals' podcast Diabetes Core Update , host Dr. Neil Skolnik interviews special guests and authors of this clinical compendium issue. Listen now at Special Podcast Series: Focus on Diabetes or view the interviews on YouTube at A Practice Guide to Diabetes-Related Eye Care .

Summary and Conclusion

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Thomas W. Gardner; Summary and Conclusion. ADA Clinical Compendia 1 July 2022; 2022 (3): 20. https://doi.org/10.2337/db20223-20

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Diabetes is a multifactorial disease process, and its long-term management requires the active involvement of people with diabetes and their families, as well as a large multidisciplinary care team to ensure optimal health, quality of life, and productivity. Keeping up with new medications, emerging technology, and evolving treatment recommendations can be challenging, and the language and care processes commonly used by practitioners in one discipline may be less familiar to other diabetes care professionals.

In the realm of diabetes-related eye care, our ability to prevent the progression of diabetes-related retinal disease and thereby preserve vision has never been greater. However, far too many people with diabetes still are not receiving appropriate screening to identify eye disease early and ensure its timely treatment.

It is our hope that this compendium has provided information and guidance to improve communication and encourage collaboration between eye care professionals and other diabetes health care professionals and allow them to more effectively cooperate to reduce barriers to care and improve both the ocular and systemic health of their shared patients.

Editorial and project management services were provided by Debbie Kendall of Kendall Editorial in Richmond, VA.

Dualities of Interest

B.A.C. is a consultant for Genentech and Regeneron. S.A.R. is a speaker for Allergan, Inc., and VSP Vision Care. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this compendium were reported.

Author Contributions

All authors researched and wrote their respective sections. Lead author T.W.G. reviewed all content and is the guarantor of this work.

The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of VSP Vision Care, Regeneron, or the American Diabetes Association. The content was developed by the authors and does not represent the policy or position of the American Diabetes Association, any of its boards or committees, or any of its journals or their editors or editorial boards.

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341 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples

When you write about the science behind nutrition, heart diseases, and alternative medicine, checking titles for diabetes research papers can be quite beneficial. Below, our experts have gathered original ideas and examples for the task.

🏆 Best Diabetes Essay Examples & Topics

⭐ most interesting diabetes research paper topics, ✅ simple & easy diabetes essay topics, 🎓 good research topics about diabetes, 💡 interesting topics to write about diabetes, 👍 good essay topics on diabetes, ❓ diabetes research question examples, 💯 free diabetes essay topic generator.

• Hemoglobin A1C Test for Diabetes Higher levels of glucose appendages in the RBCs will most probably demonstrate high and unsustainable levels of blood sugars that have the capacity to occasion or worsen diabetic complications.
• Age Influence on Physical Activity: Exercise and Diabetes Under the IV, the behavior that will be measured is the response of the participant to blood sugar levels while engaging in physical activities through exercise.
• Human Body Organ Systems Disorders: Diabetes Diabetes is of three main types-type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Ten percent of people that are affected by diabetes in the US have type 1 diabetes.
• Type I Diabetes: Pathogenesis and Treatment This makes it difficult for the transfer of sugar into the cells of those suffering from type 1 diabetes due to absence of insulin.
• Patient Voices: Type 2 Diabetes. Podcast Review Some adopt regular exercise and good diet as a measure to keep blood sugar low in order to avoid the need of taking medicines.
• Type 2 Diabetes The two major types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Doctor: The first step in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is consumption of healthy diet.
• Cause and Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes Recently, it was reported that Insulin resistance is the sole factor and could play important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Illuminate Diabetes Event Design Finally, after these special performances, there will be distribution of fliers with information on diabetes and encouragement to get tested for diabetes and thus reach the climax of the event.
• Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Disease Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease have become endemic and as such calls into question what processes can be implemented among members of the local population so as to prevent the spread […]
• Diabetes mellitus Education and hemoglobin A1C level In relation to the identification of the diabetic population and educating them based on Wojcik et al recommendation, another study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of education on hemoglobin A1C level. The focus of […]
• Humanistic Image of Managing Diabetes Thus, this paper’s objective is to analyze the interdisciplinary nature of the application of holistic medical treatment, to study traditional and modern methods of implementation of the mind-body medicine to diabetes, and investigate the techniques […]
• Why Qualitative Method Was Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation Generally, the CDC chose to use qualitative methods in order to obtain quality and accurate information about the diabetes eradication program.
• Micro and Macro-Cosmos in Medicine and Care Models for Prevention of Diabetes While the mentioned care models pay much attention to the microcosm of a human body, they lack precision in reflecting the specifics of the macrocosm of the environment.
• The Effect of Physical, Social, and Health Variables on Diabetes The p-values for salary, height, weight, BMI, family history of diabetes, and family history of allergies showed the variables were related to diabetes.
• Analysis of Program “Prevent Diabetes Live Life Well” Analysis of Live Life Well indicates that it is an effective program in the prevention and delay of type II diabetes among Australian adults because it employs both primary and secondary preventive strategies.
• Different Types of Diabetes Found in Different Countries After inventing a new and effective instrument that could easily and quickly detect the quantity of insulin and glucose in the body, the group decided to choose a company that symbolizes the instrument.
• Ecological Models to Deal with Diabetes in Medicine Perceived benefits The objective is to analyze the perceptions of the community members in relation to the avoidance of the risk factors.
• Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in Medicine The aim is to enhance the impact of this intervention on individuals and on the society at large. General Concepts and Key Elements of the Program The planned strategy is a comprehensive undertaking in the […]
• Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention As a consequence, the amount of sugar in the blood is made to rise and this cause discomfort for the affected individuals.
• Preventing the Proliferation Diabetes As a company that deals in the provision of diabetes supplies to the general public, Salehiya Medical can be described as an institution that is well poised to assist the general public when it comes […]
• Diet and Nutrition: European Diabetes Also, it is tough to maintain a diet regiment, and it is one of the most significant issues that are present.
• Diabetes Mellitus’ New Treatment: Principles and Process Destruction of beta cells in the islets is the cause of a decrease in the volume of insulin released from the pancreas.
• Diabetes Care: Leadership and Strategy Plan Secondly, it can be because the cells of the body are not responding well to insulin. As a result, it will lead to decrease of the development of diabetes.
• Diabetes Treatment and Funding in Fulton County The allocation of the financial resources available, however, leaves much to be desired, as the programs aimed at spreading awareness concerning the threats of diabetes, as well as the factors that enhance its development, do […]
• Education for African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes The topic of the research is the influence of education on the life and patient care of African Americans with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Disease in the USA Adults The disease has become a burden to the city of Baltimore in the state of Maryland. The city has to reallocate billions of money to control the disease.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Differential Diagnosis The most prominent aggravating factor for the condition is obesity, and the respective alleviating factor is a healthy weight. The most reliable indicators of the diagnosis are the elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and a […]
• Socioeconomic Status and Susceptibility to Type II Diabetes According to the findings of the World Health Organization, type II diabetes affects the lives of around 8 percent of adults around the globe. What are the primary causes of type II diabetes that are […]
• Strongyloides Stercoralis Infection and Type 2 Diabetes The main focus of this study is not to prove the possibility of the relationship between the infection and the diagnosis, but rather to explain this relationship and facilitate a discussion to see if there […]
• Obesity and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Patients We should consider the body mass as a feature that plays one of the key roles in the deterrence and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Pathophysiology and Treatment The primary etiologies linked to the patient’s T2DM condition include morbid obesity and family history. The genetic factors implicated in T2DM pathogenesis relate to a family history of the disease.
• Type II Diabetes Susceptibility and Socioeconomic Status As the focus is made on the correlation between socioeconomic status and susceptibility to type II diabetes, primary search requests were the following: socioeconomic status, causes of type II diabetes, socioeconomic status and diabetes mellitus, […]
• Stem Cell Therapy and Diabetes Medical Research This type of diabetes is less common and only occurs during the early stage when the immune system of the body attacks and destroys cells that produce insulin in the pancreas.
• Stem Cell Therapy as a Potential Cure for Diabetes The results of a specialized study by Chhabra and Brayman on the treatment of diabetes type 2, which makes 90% to 95% of the cases known globally, has shown that it is viable to treat […]
• Cure for Diabetes: The Impossible Takes a Little Longer The synthesis of the existing information about the available options for diabetes treatment is crucial to a better understanding of the problem and the identification of the most promising routes that the further studies should […]
• Pathophysiology of Mellitus and Insipidus Diabetes In case of diabetes mellitus, the hormone insulin is involved. Urine in the case of diabetes mellitus is of normal concentration although it is very dilute in diabetes insipidus.
• Diabetes: Treatment Technology and Billing For instance, Kennedy, Runge, and Brown state that existing and future devices give patients an opportunity to send the gathered information to their smartphones and computers, which then can be shown to physicians and medical […]
• Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes It is the reason Type 1 is known as juvenile diabetes, and it can affect the life of a growing child quite a bit and in many ways.
• Future Technologies: Diabetes Treatment and Care Also, when it comes to the emotional and psychological needs of diabetic patients, these are the requirements that are beyond the capabilities of computers and robots.
• Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes and Fibromyalgia The key difference from the previous type is that the pancreas of patients produces insulin, but the body cannot use it in a proper way.
• Diabetes Among British Adults and Children Important to note, diabetes is one of the long-term conditions that have put the older population in the UK under the end of life care.
• Chronic Care Model for Diabetes Patients in the UAE The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the use of the model by Mallow et al.and to evaluate the possibility of applying the same approach to review the implementation of mHealth to improve […]
• Diabetes Patients’ Long-Term Care and Life Quality Since insulin resistance can be lowered through weight reduction which, in turn, decreases the severity of the condition, it is also often incorporated into the long-term care of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
• Artificial Intelligence for Diabetes: Project Experiences At the end of this reflective practice report, I plan to recognize my strengths and weaknesses in terms of team-working on the project about AI in diabetic retinopathy detection and want to determine my future […]
• Diabetes Care Advice by Food and Drug Administration This paper aims to discuss FDA recommendations, the role of money in health care, and the significance of family involvement in diagnosing and treating diabetes along with the laboratory studies and tests currently available and […]
• Diabetes Investigation in Space Flight Research Collaboration with the Chinese space station program is a good way to facilitate experiments and research that were conducted as part of other space programs.
• Diabetes in the US: Cost Effectiveness Analysis The paper is devoted to the investigation of the central features of the cost-effectiveness analysis on the background of the suggested case revolving around diabetes among the population of the USA.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Problems at Work As such, the purpose of this essay is to identify and address the particular factors that would have to be considered in the course of an evaluation of Ms.G.’s work capabilities.
• Clinical Studies of Diabetes Mellitus The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of group medical visits compared to individual medical visits on HbA1c levels among African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Perception of Diabetes in the Hispanic Population Diabetes is also defined as one of the leading causes of death among the citizens of the United States. Despite the possibility to create certain measurements of this nursing research project, it is also required […]
• Diabetes Pain Questionnaire and Patient Feedback Over time and depending on the severity of a particular case of diabetes, a form of nerve damage called neuropathy can actually occur resulting in either chronic pain in the toes, arms, legs, feet, or […]
• Diabetes: Disease Control and Investigation The second type of diabetes is Type 2 diabetes. This is a condition that leads to the development of type 1 diabetes.
• Diabetes Awareness Program and Strategic Planning One of the major strengths of the program will be a decrease in the development of the disorder as people will be able to pay close attention to their lifestyle, their health, and possible symptoms.
• Transition from Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care Such a project should help to clarify the evaluations and assessments to be performed in the future to improve the transition process and meet the needs and expectations of the patients and their families.
• Diabetes Treatment and Care Chwastiak et al.state that the collaborative care model is a better option for patients with schizophrenia and diabetes when compared to usual care.
• Diabetes Management Plan: Diagnosis and Development The purpose of this paper is to analyze the provided subjective and objective information to diagnose and develop a management plan for the patient in the case study.
• Diabetes as Community Health Issue in the Bronx The community of the Bronx is diverse, and people living in the area have many health-related issues that need to be addressed. The prevalence of the Black population in the Bronx is higher than that […]
• Ambition Diabetes and Diet on Macbeths’ Example The man kills his kinsman, Duncan, because he wants to be a king but understands that he is suspected of this crime.
• Cardiovascular Care in Type 2 Diabetes Patients The cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists can be identified in order to support more T2DM patients and make it easier for them to achieve their potential.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx Project for Social Change The present paper will discuss the contribution of the project to social justice and social change, as well as the health scholar-practitioners’ role in promoting positive change in healthcare.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Bronx: Evidence-Based Practice A program that promotes health through dietary change should address the socioeconomic specificities of communities in the Bronx by offering educational classes that provide affordable alternatives to unhealthy but cheap foods.
• Type 2 Diabetes From Cultural and Genetic Aspects Adults in the age range from 45 to 64 years are one of the most affected populations because the possibility of developing type 2 diabetes increases significantly after the age of 45.
• Type 2 Diabetes in the Afro-American Bronx Community Currently, the problem of type 2 diabetes is considered to be an epidemic in the United States, and this issue has a significant impact on the African American community of the Bronx.
• Type 2 Diabetes as a Public Health Issue In recent years, a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is observed in almost all countries of the world.
• Diabetes in Australia: Analysis Australia is one of the countries where the rates of diabetes are among the highest, with the number of patients having reached 159,000,000 in 2017 and continuing to grow at an alarming 15% rate.
• Diabetes in Urban Cities of United States Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders affecting many citizens in the United States and across the globe. Another possible explanation for the increasing levels of diabetes in urban areas is the absence […]
• Obesity: Epidemiology and Health Consequences By understanding the well-known factors such as physical activity and diet, and less examined factors such as neighbourhood environment, one can explore the impact of obesity on society and health and develop strategies to prevent […]
• Latent Autoimmune Adult Diabetes LADA is latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the symptoms and initial course of which are consistent with the clinical picture of diabetes 2, but the etiology is closer to diabetes 1.
• Diabetes Education for African American Women The present paper aims to identify health promotion and disease prevention issues specific to the selected group and develop a plan of teaching for these females.
• Nursing Leadership in Diabetes Management This requires enhanced care on the part of the nursing staff, which, in turn, necessitates effective nursing leadership and active participation of nurses decision-making for the prevention and management of diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Health Determinants The complexity of diabetes mellitus lies in the fact that the determinants of the condition are wide, especially given the family history component contributing to the increased risks.
• Type 2 Diabetes and Drug Treatments After type 2 diabetes is detected, the drug therapy can start with Metformin, a medication that lowers glucose production and increases the sensitivity of the body to insulin.
• Side Effects of Metformin in Diabetes Treatment The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of various databases, knowledge, and wisdom to perform and interpret research.
• Diabetes Impact on Cardiovascular and Nervous Systems Diabetes is one of the commonest conditions affecting many people in different parts of the world. The first type is also called “juvenile diabetes” and it occurs when the body of an individual is incapable […]
• Improving Comprehensive Care for Patients With Diabetes Next, the results of the tests will be turned into HbA1c control measure, and patients will be further separated into a number of categories.
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus The onset of diabetes insipidus is caused by the dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary system, while diabetes mellitus is connected to issues with the endocrine pancreas.
• Diabetes Self-Management: Relationships & Expectations In their study, Purcell and Cutchen indicated three types of interventions to assess the needs of African Americans for managing diabetes, including the role of a person, family, and support groups or neighborhoods.
• Cultural Empowerment. Diabetes in Afro-Americans In general, cultural empowerment through positive, existential, and negative beliefs is a good opportunity to understand the cultural anthropology of health and medicine.
• Type 2 Diabetes and Geriatric Evidence-Based Care The prognosis, or prediction, the template is used by nurses to determine the dynamic pattern of treatment and potential complications of the patient’s condition.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Geriatric Patients The traditional model of healthcare failed to provide accessible treatment of diabetes to vulnerable elderly patients due to the shortage of endocrinologists and the high cost of the services.
• Type 2 Diabetes Project Results Dissemination While the international community agrees that clinicians are to be provided with the best available evidence to deliver high-quality care, the means of transferring the knowledge to front-line employees remains a matter of discussion.
• Diabetes and Health Promotion Concepts The list of determinants and their relation to the disease is as follows: Income and social status: Treatment of diabetes requires time and money to treat properly.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Nursing Change Project The former have to take time away from their other patients, and the latter have to travel to the clinic and wait to be assessed.
• “Experiences of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Starting Insulin Therapy” by Phillips The title is accurate enough since it describes the diagnostic area of focus, the stage at which patients are, and the fact that the study means to be no more than descriptive.
• Diabetes Prevention in Chinese Elderly in Hunan The source is therefore essential for pointing out the fact that elderly patients in rural areas do not have sufficient resources and education necessary to ensure the effective management of diabetes.
• Health, Culture, and Identity as Diabetes Treatment Factors The goal is to overview diabetes among the African American population with available statistics and implications for health and describe the population’s cultural identity using the PEN-3 model in the study of Purcell and Cutchen.
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Case The physical examination revealed that the facial muscles are paralyzed from the right side of the face. A dependable test in terms of revealing low functioning of the thyroid gland is the determination of TSH […]
• Diabetes Type 2 in Children: Causes and Effects Diabetes type 2 is a disease that occurs when the body does not respond to insulin normally, leading to the rise of a sugar level.
• Diabetes Self-Management: Evidence-Based Nursing The article by Seley and Weinger, improving diabetes self management attempts to address the possible barriers to patient education and the role of the nurse in assisting the patient to manage diabetes.
• Is There Anu Cure For Diabetes? It is characterized by inappropriately high blood sugar which is the result of either low level of the hormone insulin or of abnormal resistance to insulin’s effects. The cure for this diabetes type is the […]
• Depression and Diabetes Association in Adults The primary goal of their research was to study the association of depression and diabetes with some risk factors, including smoking and obesity in adults in the following racial and ethnic groups: American Indians and […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Types, Effects Insulin is the hormone that controls the levels of glucose in the blood, and when the pancreas releases it, immediately the high levels are controlled, like after a meal.
• Panax Ginseng for Diabetes Treatment The main objective of the research is to compare the effectiveness of the herb with western medicines in the treatment of diabetes by investigating the right dosage.
• A Clinical-Based Study of Young Adults Who Have Diabetes Research data indicates most victims believe that diabetes mellitus also known as type 2 diabetes is greatly caused by the presence of the disease in the family history, high intake of food rich in sugar […]
• Stranahan on Diabetes Impairs Hippocampal Function The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus due to the sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets of the modern world and enhanced longevity is significant in that the risks of depression, dementia and cognitive decline is heightened.
• Diabetes: Discussion of the Disease There are also millions of people who are suffering of pre diabetes a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not as high as in patients of diabetes.
• Current Dietary for the Treatment of Diabetes Diabetes patients present with very different management problems and unraveling the specific factors which are contributing to the individual’s difficulty controlling weight and cholesterol and insulin level, and which of these factors it is feasible […]
• Diabetes: Encapsulation to Treat a Disease Therefore, the objective of this description was to propose a study for treating diabetes with special emphasis on islet cell encapsulation and the related aspects of tissue engineering.
• Modern Diabetes Treatment Tools Diabetes technologies, historically divided into blood glucose level measurement and insulin delivery instrumentalities, are the terms to describe all kinds of devices and software that help patients with diabetes to control their glycemic level, prevent […]
• Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Medical Terminology Definition Vascular is another term that can be found in the article as a separate word and as a part of a word.
• Dubai Diabetes… We Care: Leaflet Review Using the Flesh formula, it can be concluded that the leaflet has a good level of readability, but it can be improved in case it is shorter because a few sections of it are better […]
• Managing Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Blood Sugar Prior to and After Surgical Procedures This paper reviews the literature on the management of blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes before and after surgery.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Using Glucose Monitoring in Treatment Type 1 diabetes refers to a chronic condition when the pancreas fails to produce insulin, thus hindering the transfer of glucose from the blood to cells.
• Interpretation of the Diabetes Interview Transcript Therefore, the analysis and interpretation of the interview transcript of a patient with type 1 diabetes would highlight their perceptions and the capacity to undertake self-management strategies.
• Indigenous and Torres Strait Population and Diabetes Before any conclusions regarding its efficacy can be made, this paper will present a discussion on Type 2 diabetes, the socioeconomic factors that influence the Indigenous population, the Social Determinants of Health, the Chronic Care […]
• The Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Lifestyle Choices Since the patient has indicated that she does not have enough time and moral power to facilitate a change in her physical activity and dietary choices, an educational program can be a good option for […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Revealing the Diagnosis The patient exhibited the classic indications of type 2 diabetes, namely, polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria that have been occurring for the last 3 months. The patient had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, obesity, a […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Analysis That is why this assignment will comment on type 2 diabetes’ effect on morbidities, life expectancy, health care cost, and how it is necessary to address this disease.
• Children With Type 1 Diabetes in Clinical Practice The study is presented in the context of T1D current treatment procedures, and behavioral aspects of care for these children. Previous research findings concerning the population of young children with T1D are reviewed in the […]
• High Risk of Developing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The primary goal of the teaching is the changes in participants’ behavioral patterns and lifestyle to reduce the risks for comorbidities and complications that might follow from the mismanagement of diabetes mellitus.
• Physical Activity in Managing Type-2 Diabetes These studies, medical professionals, and health organizations worldwide include physical activity as a primary recommendation for the prevention and management of type-2 diabetes.
• The Diagnosis of Diabetes in Older Adults and Adolescents This vague description and the lack of a coherent disease prevention plan contributed to the feeling of uncertainty. Therefore, it is vital to implement programs that address the needs of youth with type 1 diabetes.
• Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes The introduction is comprehensive in content and begins by explaining the basis of the study due to the significant levels of depression encountered in the diabetic population of the United States.
• The Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Type 2 diabetes is generally recognized as an imbalance between insulin sensitivity and beta cell function We have chosen a rural area in Wisconsin where we can focus our study and select a group of […]
• Diabetes Type II Disease in the Community NIDDM is due to the insensitivity of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta cells, and in obese patients, there is a decrease in the number of insulin receptors on the cell membrane of muscle and […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Effects on Periodontal Disease 1 Anatomy of the tooth The tooth is embedded in and attached to the alveolar process of the mandible. However, the damage of the periodontal ligaments in PD, may lead to the expansion of the […]
• Gestational Diabetes: Child Bearing Experience Insulin resistance in GDM is likely to be the result of a combination of lifestyle factors and the insulin-desensitizing effect of chorionic gonadotrophins.
• Health Promotion: Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities This offers a unique challenge in the management of diabetes and other chronic diseases; the fragmented healthcare system that is geared towards management of short-term medical emergencies often is not well prepared for the patient […]
• Gestational Diabetes: American Diabetes Association Publishers It is of importance to note that, the diagnosis of gestational diabetes includes the consumption of a cautiously considered diet; having a lot of exercises, upholding a vigorous pregnancy weight, observing glucose levels and dairy […]
• Impact of Diabetes on Healthcare Diabetes has become a major health problem in the United States and other parts of the world in recent times owing to the changing trends in the predisposing factors.
• Diabetes Mellitus Management in the Elderly Diabetes mellitus is a health complication involving an increase in the concentration in the concentration of blood sugar either due to a failure by cells to effectively respond to the production of insulin in the […]
• Diabetes Prevention Measures in the Republic of the Marshall Islands The connection between the guiding principles developed in the program and the outcomes of the research is vague, given that these guidelines represent the answer to the question of how information can be used.
• Qualitative Research in Diabetes Management in Elderly Patient To achieve the research aim, which is to find out the causes of diabetes among elderly people, the researcher will have to organize the research team.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus A small percentage of these individuals suffer from both types of the disorder while about 54 million people show blood sugar levels that are indicative of pre-diabetes.
• Diabetes: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Point of Care Testing It is important to first define the meaning of diabetes and point of care testing before determining the advantages and limitations of point of care testing.
• Diabetes in Australia and Saudi Arabia Most importantly, the essay begins with a background analysis of diabetes prevalence in Australia and Middle East as well as the Pathophysiology of the disease.
• Community Health Promotion: The Fight Against Diabetes in a Community Setting Applying principles of community-based health promotion it is important to focus on Type 2 diabetes and the people that are prone to acquiring this medical condition.
• Enhancing Foot Care Practices in Patients With Diabetes The content of the article describes how comprehensive education of patients on management of diabetes mellitus and foot care practices are central in the prevention of diabetic foot and amputation of lower limbs.
• Supportive Intervention in the Control of Diabetes Mellitus The Seventh Global Conference on Health Promotion revealed three concepts of health promotion and prevention, which are pertinent to this discussion.
• Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes Since glucose in the body is derived from the foods that are converted and stored in the liver, it is important the social eating habits of most individuals be controlled to regulate body weight; indeed, […]
• Diabetes Type II: Hormonal Mechanism and Intracellular Effects of Insulin The body resisting the impact of insulin as well as producing less insulin to maintain normal glucose levels characterizes the condition.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Family Genetic History This paper aims at analyzing family genetic history of a family, evaluating the impact of the family history on an adult participant’s health and planning a future wellness change to promote the wellness of the […]
• Diabetes Management: Diagnostics and Treatment To address the prevalence of diabetes, the government, members of the public, and the physicians must work together to find and implement appropriate measures to end the consequences of the diseases.
• Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar Diabetes leads to the development of illnesses that affect the vigor and day-to-day activities of patients. In order to improve the management of diabetes, it is important to educate patients on effective management practices.
• Health Nursing and Managing Diabetes The practice will equip more patients with the best ideas and initiatives to deal with diabetes. The completed study will provide the best practices and evidence-based ideas to help patients with diabetes type II.
• Childhood Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has continued to increase among children suffering from obesity. There has been a significant increase in the number of children suffering from T2DM.
• Impact of Diabetes on the United Arab Emirates’ Economy Hence, the assessment of the direct costs and indirect costs illustrates the impact of diabetes on the economy of the UAE.
• Obesity and Diabetes: The Enemies Within In modern sedentary life, there is sufficient food hence the gene poses a shortcoming as it predisposes people to the development of obesity and diabetes.
• The Treatment and Management of Diabetes These clinical trials confirmed that nutrition and lifestyle interventions play a central role in the treatment and management of diabetes; type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
• Critical Analysis of Policy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Australia The Australian government has come with the following policies to respond to diabetes mellitus type 2, putting in mind the demographic, social and cultural needs of the indigenous communities.
• Diabetes Management and Evidence-Based Practice Diabetes is a state of glucose intolerance that requires the management of blood glucose. Good glycemic control ensures that the level of glucose in a diabetic patient is maintained at levels similar to that of […]
• Alcohol Interaction With Medication: Type 2 Diabetes EM is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and the doctor advises him to take the prescribed drugs, but to keep of alcohol, due to its negative reactionary effects with medications.
• Fats and Proteins in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes type 2 is a chronic condition that alters metabolism of blood sugar in the body of an individual. Insensitivity to insulin is the main cause of diabetes type 2.
• Prince Georges County Community Health Concern: Diabetes As indicated in the results of the 2010 United States Census, the Prince Georges County hosts a population of 863,420. The City of Lauderdale has a predominant population of the African American, Hispanic, and the […]
• Diabetes Mellitus and HFSON Conceptual Framework The characteristics and symptoms of diabetes mellitus include loss of vision, weight loss, and thirst. The classification of diabetes includes type 1, 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Rates Diabetes Between Hispanics Males and Females An increase in the period that one spends in the US correlates with the chances of developing the disease. In this context, all the levels would be used to address the high prevalence rates of […]
• Hispanics Are More Susceptible to Diabetes That Non-Hispanics This trend is persistent to date, and is the reason behind the prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics. The condition of the environments in which Hispanics live also adds increases their susceptibility to diabetes.
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Hispanics With Diabetes Statistics clearly show that age, gender, socio-economic status, and weight management are some of the key factors that affect the distribution of type-2 diabetes amongst the Hispanics.
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Diabetes Among Hispanics It will be important to evaluate the performance of the intervention plan in order to determine how appropriate it is in addressing the identified problem.
• Diabetes II: Reduction in the Incidence The main purpose of this study is to determine the relevance of change in lifestyle as a way of fighting type II diabetes.
• Counseling and Education Session in Type II Diabetes Patients will be educated about the glycemic index and its effect on their blood sugar Patients will learn to count their carbohydrates. Patients will set up their goal and the timeframe to achieve it.
• Treating of Diabetes in Adults Researchers focus on the development of a management approach that not only influences the effective management of the disorder but a strategy that also reduces the cost of managing the disorder.
• Diabetes, Functions of Insulin, and Preventive Practices The article is very informative and it gives the reader enough information to understand diabetes’ definition and its effects on the body.
• Managing Diabetes Through Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering refers to the alteration of genetic make-up of an organism through the use of techniques to introduce a new DNA or eliminate a given hereditable material. What is the role of genetic engineering […]
• Diabetes as a Chronic Condition What are the common causes of diabetes? H1: Many people are aware of diabetes, its susceptibility, causes, and preventive measures.
• Epidemiological Problem: Diabetes in Illinois In this paper, the focus is on the evaluation of diabetes in Cook County in the State of Illinois. The following is a graph representing the diabetes trends in the Cook County as compared to […]
• Diabetes and Obesity in The United Arab Emirates As illustrated in Figure 1, by the year 2014 diabetes and obesity rates in the GCC countries have exceeded the ones in the USA. The pancreas is gland in the upper part of the abdomen […]
• Educational Strategies for Diabetes to Patients The educational strategy needs to be two-sided, implying that not only the patients, but also the nurses, dietitians, and health-care professionals need to be educated on how to communicate with the patients in simple terms, […]
• Holistic Image in Prevention of Diabetes The holistic approach implies the use of a set of strategies to prevent the development of the disorder. As far as the lifestyle-related strategies are concerned, it is necessary to note that one of the […]
• Holistic Approach to Man’s Health: Diabetes Prevention The analysis of the options and limits related to applying the holistic approach to prevention of diabetes reveals that the number of people suffering from this disease can reduce if people are aware of the […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Prominent Metabolic Disorder
• Gestational Diabetes in a Pregnant Woman
• Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes Management
• Diabetes as the Scourge of the 21st Century: Locating the Solution
• Coronary Heart Disease Aggravated by Type 2 Diabetes and Age
• Nursing Care Development Plan for Diabetes and Hypertension
• Nursing Care For the Patient With Diabetes
• Nursing Diagnosis: Type 1 Diabetes & Hypertension
• Healthy People Project: Personal Review About Diabetes
• 52-Year-Old Female Patient With Type II Diabetes
• Health and Wellness: Stress, Diabetes and Tobacco Related Problems
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – NSW, Australia
• The Benefits of Sharing Knowledge About Diabetes With Physicians
• Necrotizing Fasciitis: Pathophysiology, Role of Diabetes
• Health Service Management of Diabetes
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Review
• The Scientific Method of Understanding if Coffee Can Impact Diabetes
• Enhancing Health Literacy for People With Type 2 Diabetes
• Using Exenatide as Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
• Synthesizing the Data From Relative Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes
• The Connection Between Diabetes and Consuming Red Meat
• Reinforcing Nutrition in Schools to Reduce Diabetes and Childhood Obesity
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Related Prevention & Treatment Measures
• Clinical Trial of Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Analysis
• How to Manage Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Treatment
• Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Patient’s Profile
• Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Childhood Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Problems
• The Problem of Diabetes Among African Americans
• Leadership in Diabetes Management
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Project: Disseminating Results
• Patient with Ataxia and Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Management in Gulf Countries
• Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiologic Processes
• Juvenile Diabetes: Demographics, Statistics and Risk Factors
• Health Issues of Heart Failure and Pediatric Diabetes
• The Role of Telenursing in the Management of Diabetes Type 1
• Diabetes Risk Assessment
• Imperial Diabetes Center Field Study
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England
• The Nature of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Insipidus: Disease Process With Implications for Healthcare Professionals
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II: A Case of a Female Adult Patient
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
• Nursing Plan for the Patient with Diabetes Type 2, HTN, and CAD
• Diabetes Type 2 from Management Viewpoint
• Communication Challenges Between Nurses and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
• The Minority Diabetes Initiative Act’s Analysis
• Diabetes Problem at Country Walk Community: Intervention and Evaluation
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Presentation, Treatment, and Examination
• Current Recommendations for the Glycemic Control in Diabetes
• Pregnant Women with Type I Diabetes: COVID-19 Disease Management
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations
• Living with a Chronic Disease: Diabetes and Asthma
• Global and Societal Implications of the Diabetes Epidemic
• Nutrition and Physical Activity for Children With a Diabetes
• “Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention” Article Analysis
• Diabetes in Saudi Arabia
• What to Know About Diabetes?
• Diabetes: Epidemiologic Study Design
• Diabetes Issues: Insulin Price and Unaffordability
• Addressing the Needs of Hispanic Patients With Diabetes
• Parental Intervention on Self-Management of an Adolescent With Diabetes
• Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension
• Diabetes: Epidemiological Analysis
• Diabetes and Its Economic Effect on Healthcare
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and a Healthy Lifestyle Relationship
• Relation Between Diabetes And Nutrition
• Diabetes and Medical Intervention
• Insulin Effects in a Diabetes Person
• Summary of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update
• Teaching Experience: Diabetes Prevention
• Diabetes Prevention in the United States
• Diabetes: Vulnerability, Resilience, and Care
• Type 2 Diabetes and Its Treatment
• Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update
• Type 1 Diabetes: Recommendations for Alternative Drug Treatments
• Pre-diabetes and Urinary Incontinence
• The Relationship Between Diabetes and COVID-19
• Depression in Diabetes Patients
• Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability
• Intervention Methods for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Management: Case Study
• The Centers for Diabetes’ Risks Assessment
• Diets to Prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Diabetes
• Video Consultations Between Patients and Clinicians in Diabetes, Cancer, and Heart Failure Services
• Person-Centered Strategy of Diabetes and Dementia Care
• The Trend of the Higher Prevalence of Diabetes
• Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types
• “Diabetes Prevention in U.S. Hispanic Adults” by McCurley et al.
• The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Diabetes
• Nursing: Self-Management of Type II Diabetes
• Analysis of Diabetes and Its Huge Effects
• Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents
• Diabetes and Allergies: A Statistical Check
• An Advocacy Tool for Diabetes Care in the US
• Improving Adherence to Diabetes Treatment in Primary Care Settings
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities: Research Questions
• Ethics of Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Minorities
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities from Cultural Perspective
• Mobile App for Improved Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes
• “The Diabetes Online Community” by Litchman et al.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Preventive Measures
• Diabetes Risk Assessment and Prevention
• Health Education for Female African Americans With Diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes Prescriptions and Interventions
• Diabetes: Statistics, Disparities, Therapies
• PDSA in Diabetes Prevention
• Case Study of Patient with DKA and Diabetes Mellitus
• Healthy Lifestyle Interventions in Comorbid Asthma and Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus Care Coordination
• Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program
• Latino People and Type 2 Diabetes
• Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Tracker Device and Its Advantages
• Diabetes Interventions in Children
• Type 2 Diabetes Health Issue and Exercise
• Exploring Glucose Tolerance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
• Control of LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
• A Healthcare Issue of Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus in Young Adults
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disorder Case Study Analysis
• Diabetes in Adults in Oxfordshire
• Diabetes Mellitus: Causes and Health Challenges
• Evidence Synthesis Assignment: Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications
• Diabetes Prevention as a Change Project
• Diabetes Mellitus as Problem in US Healthcare
• Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Americans
• The Diabetes Prevention Articles by Ford and Mathe
• A Type 2 Diabetes Quantitative Article Critique
• A Diabetes Quantitative Article Analysis
• Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Education
• Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Treatment
• The Prevention of Diabetes and Its Consequences on the Population
• Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
• Communicating the Issue of Diabetes
• The Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative in Canada
• Epidemiology of Diabetes and Forecasted Trends
• Type 2 Diabetes’ Impact on Australian Society
• Diabetes: Types and Management
• Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors
• Human Service for Diabetes in Late Adulthood
• Diagnosing Patient with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Methods
• Health Equity Regarding Type 2 Diabetes
• Hereditary Diabetes Prevention With Lifestyle Modification
• Barriers to Engagement in Collaborative Care Treatment of Uncontrolled Diabetes
• Diabetes: Risk Factors and Effects
• Epidemiology: Type II Diabetes in Hispanic Americans
• Why Injury and Diabetes Have Been Identified as National Health Priority?
• What Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents?
• Does the Socioeconomic Position Determine the Incidence of Diabetes?
• What Are the Four Types of Diabetes?
• How Fat and Obesity Cause Diabetes?
• How Exercise Affects Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does the Treatment With Insulin Affect Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Does Cause Depression?
• Does Diabetes Prevention Pay For Itself?
• How Does Snap Participation Affect Rates of Diabetes?
• Does Overeating Sugar Cause Diabetes, Cavities, Acne, Hyperactivity and Make You Fat?
• Why Diabetes Mellitus and How It Affects the United States?
• Does Alcohol Decrease the Risk of Diabetes?
• How Does a Person With Diabetes Feel?
• Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence?
• How Can the Paleolithic Diet Control Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled?
• Does Economic Status Matter for the Regional Variation of Malnutrition-Related Diabetes?
• How Can Artificial Intelligence Technology Be Used to Treat Diabetes?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
• What Evidence Exists for Treatments Depression With Comorbid Diabetes Using Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products?
• Why Was Qualitative Method Chosen for Diabetes Program Evaluation?
• What Are the Three Types of Diabetes?
• How Does Poverty Affect Diabetes?
• What Is the Leading Cause of Diabetes?
• How Is Diabetes Diagnosed?
• What Are the Main Symptoms of Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Adversely Affects Your Body?
• What Are the Most Common Symptoms of Undiagnosed Diabetes?
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Repurposed drug offers new potential for managing type 1 diabetes

A recent study led by Indiana University School of Medicine in collaboration with the University of Chicago Medicine presents exciting future possibilities for the management of type 1 diabetes and the potential reduction of insulin dependency. The researchers' findings, published in Cell Reports Medicine , suggest repurposing of the drug α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) may open doors to innovative therapies in the future.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition wherein the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels that currently require lifelong insulin treatment to keep patients alive. Many people living with type 1 diabetes find current treatments, including daily insulin injections and frequent blood sugar monitoring, inconvenient and challenging to manage.

These latest translational results represent more than a decade of research. In 2010, the study's co-corresponding author, Raghu Mirmira, MD, PhD, was operating a research lab at IU School of Medicine in 2010 when his team initially discovered that inhibiting the metabolic pathway affected by DFMO could safeguard beta cells from environmental factors, suggesting potential preservation in type 1 diabetes. The team subsequently validated these findings in mice.

From 2015 to 2019, Linda DiMeglio, MD, MPH, Edwin Letzter Professor of Pediatrics at IU School of Medicine and a pediatric endocrinologist and division chief at Riley Children's Health, directed a clinical trial that affirmed DFMO's safety in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and suggested that it might also stabilize insulin levels by safeguarding beta cells. The trial was funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) with drug provided by Panbela Therapeutics.

"After several years of bench-to-bedside studies, beginning with Drs. Mirmira and [Sarah] Tersey's mouse models, it's exciting to finally share the promising results from our pilot trial in humans," said DiMeglio, senior author of the study. "Now that we've established preliminary safety of DFMO for individuals with type 1 diabetes, we're thrilled about advancing our collaborative research to explore more of its potential benefits in a larger clinical trial."

Since 1990, DFMO has been FDA-approved as a high-dose injection to treat African Sleeping Sickness, and in 2020 it received a breakthrough therapy designation for neuroblastoma maintenance therapy after remission. This prior regulatory clearance could streamline its adoption as a type 1 diabetes treatment, potentially shortening the approval process from decades to just a few years.

"Using a new formulation of DFMO as a pill allows patients to take it by mouth instead of needing to undergo regular injections, and it has a very favorable side effect profile," said Mirmira, who is now a professor of medicine and an endocrinologist at UChicago Medicine. "It's exciting to say we have a drug that works differently from every other treatment we have for this disease."

The researchers have already initiated their next steps in investigating DFMO's potential. The study's first author and co-corresponding author Emily K. Sims, MD, associate professor of pediatrics at IU School of Medicine and a pediatric endocrinologist at Riley Children's Health, recently launched a larger, six-center clinical study to robustly define the impact of DFMO treatment to preserve beta cell function in type 1 diabetes. The new study is also funded by JDRF and supported by Panbela Therapeutics.

Sims, who is also a physician-scientist at the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases at IU School of Medicine, is hopeful that DFMO, possibly as part of a combination therapy, will not only help persons recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes but could also be tested in those at risk of developing the condition.

"As we dive into this new multicenter clinical trial to further investigate the efficacy of DFMO, we're driven by the promising results we've seen so far to modify the underlying disease process in type 1 diabetes," Sims said. "We invite more participants to join us in this pioneering research. With their help, the knowledge we gain today has the potential to shape a brighter future for those impacted by type 1 diabetes."

Individuals interested in learning more about the new clinical trial can visit the study's website.

Other IU authors on the study include Audrey Hull, Stephanie E. Woerner, Teresa L. Mastracci, Susan M. Perkins, Fangqian Ouyang, and Carmella Evans-Molina.

• Personalized Medicine
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• Diseases and Conditions
• Medical Topics
• Alternative Medicine
• Wounds and Healing
• Tuberculosis
• Diabetes mellitus type 1
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
• Drug addiction
• Personalized medicine
• Nanomedicine
• Clinical trial

Story Source:

Materials provided by Indiana University . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Emily K. Sims, Abhishek Kulkarni, Audrey Hull, Stephanie E. Woerner, Susanne Cabrera, Lucy D. Mastrandrea, Batoul Hammoud, Soumyadeep Sarkar, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Teresa L. Mastracci, Susan M. Perkins, Fangqian Ouyang, Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson, Jacob R. Enriquez, Sarah A. Tersey, Carmella Evans-Molina, S. Alice Long, Lori Blanchfield, Eugene W. Gerner, Raghavendra G. Mirmira, Linda A. DiMeglio. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis preserves β cell function in type 1 diabetes . Cell Reports Medicine , 2023; 101261 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101261

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45 of the Best Diabetes Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On August 16, 2023

The prevalence of diabetes among the world’s population has been increasing steadily over the last few decades, thanks to the growing consumption of fast food and an increasingly comfortable lifestyle. With the field of diabetes evolving rapidly, it is essential to base your dissertation on a trending diabetes dissertation topic that fills a gap in research. 

Finding a perfect research topic is one of the most challenging aspects of dissertation writing in any discipline . Several resources are available to students on the internet to help them conduct research and brainstorm to develop their topic selection, but this can take a significant amount of time. So, we decided to provide a list of well-researched, unique and intriguing diabetes research topics and ideas to help you get started. 

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List of Diabetes Dissertation Topics

• Why do people recently diagnosed with diabetes have such difficulty accepting reality and controlling their health?
• What are the reactions of children who have recently been diagnosed with diabetes? What can be done to improve their grasp of how to treat the disease?
• In long-term research, people getting intensive therapy for the condition had a worse quality of life. What role should health professionals have in mitigating this effect?
• Why do so many individuals experience severe depression the months after their diagnosis despite displaying no other signs of deteriorating health?
• Discuss some of the advantages of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for people with diabetes
• Discuss the notion of diabetes in paediatrics and why it is necessary to do this research regularly.
• Explain the current threat and difficulty of childhood obesity and diabetes, stressing some areas where parents are failing in their position as guardians to avoid the situation
• Explain some of the difficulties that persons with diabetes have, particularly when obtaining the necessary information and medical treatment
• Explain some of the most frequent problems that people with diabetes face, as well as how they affect the prevalence of the disease. Put out steps that can be implemented to help the problem.
• Discuss the diabetes problem among Asian American teens
• Even though it is a worldwide disease, particular ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed as a function of nutrition and culture. What can be done to improve their health literacy?
• Explain how self-management may be beneficial in coping with diabetes, particularly for people unable to get prompt treatment for their illness
• Discuss the possibility of better management for those with diabetes who are hospitalized
• What current therapies have had the most influence on reducing the number of short-term problems in patients’ bodies?
• How have various types of steroids altered the way the body responds in people with hypoglycemia more frequently than usual?
• What effects do type 1, and type 2 diabetes have on the kidneys? How do the most widely used monitoring approaches influence this?
• Is it true that people from specific ethnic groups are more likely to acquire heart disease or eye illness due to their diabetes diagnosis?
• How has the new a1c test helped to reduce the detrimental consequences of diabetes on the body by detecting the condition early?
• Explain the difficulty of uncontrolled diabetes and how it can eventually harm the kidneys and the heart
• Discuss how the diabetic genetic strain may be handed down from generation to generation
• What difficulties do diabetic people have while attempting to check their glucose levels and keep a balanced food plan?
• How have some individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes managed to live better lives than others with the disease?
• Is it true that eating too much sugar causes diabetes, cavities, acne, hyperactivity, and weight gain?
• What effect does insulin treatment have on type 2 diabetes?
• How does diabetes contribute to depression?
• What impact does snap participation have on diabetes rates?
• Why has the number of persons who perform blood glucose self-tests decreased? Could other variables, such as social or environmental, have contributed to this decrease?
• Why do patients in the United States struggle to obtain the treatment they require to monitor and maintain appropriate glucose levels? Is this due to increased healthcare costs?
• Nutrition is critical to a healthy lifestyle, yet many diabetic patients are unaware of what they should consume. Discuss
• Why have injuries and diabetes been designated as national health priorities?
• What factors contribute to the growing prevalence of type ii diabetes in adolescents?
• Does socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of diabetes?
• Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: a critical assessment of the shared pathological traits
• What are the effects and consequences of diabetes on peripheral blood vessels?
• What is the link between genetic predisposition, obesity, and type 2 diabetes development?
• Diabetes modifies the activation and repression of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways in the vascular system.
• Understanding autoimmune diabetes through the tri-molecular complex prism
• Does economic status influence the regional variation of diabetes caused by malnutrition?
• What evidence is there for using traditional Chinese medicine and natural products to treat depression in people who also have diabetes?
• Why was the qualitative method used to evaluate diabetes programs?
• Investigate the most common symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes
• How can artificial intelligence help diabetes patients?
• What effect does the palaeolithic diet have on type 2 diabetes?
• What are the most common diabetes causes and treatments?
• What causes diabetes mellitus, and how does it affect the United Kingdom?

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How Can You Help Patients Prevent Diabetes Complications?

• Patient Self-Management
• Patient Communication

Get tips to help patients manage their diabetes so they can stay healthier for longer.

November is National Diabetes Month, a time when communities across the country bring attention to diabetes. This year’s theme, “Take Charge of Tomorrow,” is about encouraging people with diabetes to take charge of their health to prevent diabetes complications.

The blog posts below include advice and research about working with patients to manage their diabetes. You can also share the video, flyers, and other resources from the National Diabetes Month webpage  and online toolkit , which include tips for your patients to

build healthy lifestyle habits

manage their diabetes ABCs (A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol)

take medicines on time

reach or maintain a healthy weight

take care of their mental health

work with their health care team

Every Person with Diabetes Needs Ongoing Self-Management Education and Support

Research shows that diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) can improve A1C levels and have a positive effect on other clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral aspects of diabetes. Margaret (Maggie) Powers, PhD, RD, CDE, a clinician and research scientist at the International Diabetes Center in Park Nicollet in Minneapolis, explains how.

“Our goal in writing the DSMES joint position statement was to provide clear guidance on the four critical times when a person with type 2 diabetes might need more attention to diabetes self-management,” Dr. Powers says. “The objective was to encourage health care professionals to assess, provide, and adjust DSMES. This can help to avoid crisis management and support people with diabetes to be comfortable and confident in their decision making.”

Addressing Beliefs and Perceptions To Improve Medication Adherence

In this interview on medication adherence, Dr. Olayinka O. Shiyanbola explains how health care professionals can help patients with diabetes reframe negative beliefs and perceptions to better manage their A1C levels.

“A lot of beliefs that people hold around medication and diabetes are culturally influenced, based on what they’ve learned from family members or other people that they know,” Dr. Shiyanbola says. “A lot of misinformation can be avoided when providers take time to marry the biomedical model of what causes diabetes and their biological knowledge of medicines with the cultural beliefs and perceptions that the patient has. Building trust is also important. If there is not that therapeutic alliance with the provider, the patient is going to go home and not trust the medicine they were prescribed. Using health literacy tools, while speaking in simple clear language, is a bridge to building trust.”

Obesity Management in People with Diabetes

The approach to managing obesity in people with diabetes can be much more challenging because of metabolic changes. In this video, Scott Kahan, MD, MPH, discusses recommendations and resources that health care professionals can use to address managing obesity and weight in patients with diabetes.

“One of the things I frequently hear from clinicians is that—even when they are ready to counsel a patient about obesity and weight management—they’re concerned that they may put off the patient or they don’t otherwise know how to start the conversation, how to broach the sensitive topic,” Dr. Kahan says. “And I have one very straightforward recommendation on that: start by asking permission. Ask the patient if it’s okay if we talk about weight during that encounter.”

Helping Patients with Diabetes Manage Stress

Health care professionals can support patient health by sharing tools and strategies to reduce stress. In this post, Krystal M. Lewis, PhD, talks about how health care professionals can support their patients with diabetes in managing stress.

“Health care professionals can discuss with patients the impact of stress on health and why it’s important to manage it,” Dr. Lewis says. “They can engage with the patient about stressors they might be experiencing and help them figure out ways to manage the stress. It’s important that health care professionals make the experience normal, by letting their patients know that everyone experiences stress, so they don’t feel bad for experiencing it.”

Collaborative Care for Patients with Diabetes

It is often said that collaborating among health care professionals can improve care for patients, but what does this mean in practice? In this video blog post, Joshua Joseph, MD, MPH, FAHA, speaks with his colleagues at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center—Janet G. Zappe, RN, MS, CDCES, and Allan Sommer, MS, ACSM—about their team’s multidisciplinary programs that help patients manage diabetes.

“Diabetes is a complex condition, and it really takes multiple strategies, including medications and lifestyle modifications, to appropriately manage someone,” says Dr. Joseph. “A teamwork approach to diabetes care may be more effective in helping people cope with the demands of controlling diabetes. Central to this, when we think about this collaborative care model, are shared goals within and across settings to provide coordinated high-quality, patient-centered care.”

How do you work with patients to help them prevent diabetes complications? Share below in the comments.

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Repurposed drug offers new potential for managing type 1 diabetes

IU School of Medicine Nov 01, 2023

Emily Sims, MD

INDIANAPOLIS -- A recent study led by Indiana University School of Medicine in collaboration with the University of Chicago Medicine presents exciting future possibilities for the management of type 1 diabetes and the potential reduction of insulin dependency. The researchers’ findings, published in Cell Reports Medicine , suggest repurposing of the drug α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) may open doors to innovative therapies in the future. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition wherein the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels that currently require lifelong insulin treatment to keep patients alive. Many people living with type 1 diabetes find current treatments, including daily insulin injections and frequent blood sugar monitoring, inconvenient and challenging to manage. These latest translational results represent more than a decade of research. In 2010, the study’s co-corresponding author, Raghu Mirmira, MD, PhD, was operating a research lab at IU School of Medicine in 2010 when his team initially discovered that inhibiting the metabolic pathway affected by DFMO could safeguard beta cells from environmental factors, suggesting potential preservation in type 1 diabetes. The team subsequently validated these findings in mice. From 2015 to 2019, Linda DiMeglio, MD, MPH , Edwin Letzter Professor of Pediatrics at IU School of Medicine and a pediatric endocrinologist and division chief at Riley Children's Health, directed a clinical trial that affirmed DFMO's safety in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and suggested that it might also stabilize insulin levels by safeguarding beta cells. The trial was funded by the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) with drug provided by Panbela Therapeutics. "After several years of bench-to-bedside studies, beginning with Drs. Mirmira and [Sarah] Tersey's mouse models, it's exciting to finally share the promising results from our pilot trial in humans," said DiMeglio, senior author of the study. "Now that we’ve established preliminary safety of DFMO for individuals with type 1 diabetes, we’re thrilled about advancing our collaborative research to explore more of its potential benefits in a larger clinical trial." Since 1990, DFMO has been FDA-approved as a high-dose injection to treat African Sleeping Sickness, and in 2020 it received a breakthrough therapy designation for neuroblastoma maintenance therapy after remission. This prior regulatory clearance could streamline its adoption as a type 1 diabetes treatment, potentially shortening the approval process from decades to just a few years. “Using a new formulation of DFMO as a pill allows patients to take it by mouth instead of needing to undergo regular injections, and it has a very favorable side effect profile,” said Mirmira, who is now a professor of medicine and an endocrinologist at UChicago Medicine. “It’s exciting to say we have a drug that works differently from every other treatment we have for this disease.” The researchers have already initiated their next steps in investigating DFMO’s potential. The study’s first author and co-corresponding author Emily K. Sims, MD , associate professor of pediatrics at IU School of Medicine and a pediatric endocrinologist at Riley Children's Health, recently launched a larger, six-center clinical study to robustly define the impact of DFMO treatment to preserve beta cell function in type 1 diabetes. The new study is also funded by JDRF and supported by Panbela Therapeutics. Sims, who is also a physician-scientist at the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research  and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases  at IU School of Medicine, is hopeful that DFMO, possibly as part of a combination therapy, will not only help persons recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes but could also be tested in those at risk of developing the condition. “As we dive into this new multicenter clinical trial to further investigate the efficacy of DFMO, we're driven by the promising results we've seen so far to modify the underlying disease process in type 1 diabetes,” Sims said. “We invite more participants to join us in this pioneering research. With their help, the knowledge we gain today has the potential to shape a brighter future for those impacted by type 1 diabetes.” Individuals interested in learning more about the new clinical trial can visit the study’s website . Other IU authors on the study include Audrey Hull, Stephanie E. Woerner, Teresa L. Mastracci, Susan M. Perkins, Fangqian Ouyang, and Carmella Evans-Molina.

About IU School of Medicine

IU School of Medicine  is the largest medical school in the U.S. and is annually ranked among the top medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. The school offers high-quality medical education, access to leading medical research and rich campus life in nine Indiana cities, including rural and urban locations consistently recognized for livability.

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193 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples

📝 diabetes research papers examples, 💡 essay ideas on diabetes, 🏆 best diabetes essay titles, 🎓 simple research topics about diabetes, ❓ diabetes research questions.

• Healthcare Concern: High Rate of Diabetes The primary health concern for Eatonville’s diverse population is a high rate of diabetes. Approximately 24% of residents are suffering from the condition.
• Patient Teaching Plan: Type II Diabetes The patient's genetic history strongly suggests a risk of developing type II diabetes. Hypertension is a common condition among many of its members.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education Evidence suggests that web-based education initiatives positively correlate with self-management outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Types and Drug Treatments This paper explores the four types of diabetes, medication applied to manage type 1, and the effects that the condition has on individuals' lives.
• Diabetes Education for Hispanic Patients This article discusses the question of is continuing patient education effective in improving HgBA1C in diabetic Hispanic patients.
• Hispanics With Diabetes Mellitus This paper discusses the issue of how effectively does diabetes education improves health outcomes in Hispanics with diabetes mellitus.
• The Church's Diabetes Self-Management Education Program The main goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a multi-faceted church-based diabetes self-management education program. The researchers assessed the impact of this intervention.
• Various Diabetes Management Activities Diabetes management includes different activities. Education and support are basic aspects of any treatment plan because the disease requires daily monitoring and control performed by a patient.
• Educational Programs for Patients With Diabetes The effectiveness of educational programs for patients with diabetes is still a relevant issue. Different specialists claim that diabetes self-management education does not adequately address the problems.
• Diabetes Education Programs for Patients Problems related to diabetes are especially relevant for Latin Americans. There are different methods to address such a problem. One of the most effective approaches is educational programs.
• Silent Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 often die from silent myocardial infarction and heart failure.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Educational Plan This paper will outline an education plan for homebound elderly with diabetes. The plan aims to reinforce the population’s understanding of the condition and improve their self-care behaviors.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Patient's Healthcare Plan This paper presents the healthcare plan of a 49-year-old white woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and migraine headaches.
• Diabetes Prevention in Hispanic Populations Hispanic people face a considerably higher risk of type 2 diabetes due to the lack of knowledge about the condition and poor access to care.
• Lived Experience of Diabetes Among Older, Rural People The study by George and Thomas was aimed at revealing how the aged (65 years and above) diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes and living in rural areas perceive self-management.
• Type 2 Diabetes Patient's Support Needs To reduce the probability of contracting type 2 diabetes, it is strongly advisable for the patient to find more information about the disease and possible ways of its prevention.
• Useful Interventions in Treating Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic disease that mainly affects the older population. This paper discusses useful interventions that have been shown to yield better results.
• Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes Type 2: Assessment Obesity plays a substantial role in adipocytokine dysregulation which is suggested to be a pathogenic trigger of insulin resistance and other diabetes-related problems.
• Treatment of Patient: Risk of Diabetes and Hypertension The risk of diabetes is to be reduced with the help of a diet. To evaluate the effectiveness, keep track of BMI and blood sugar level.
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension The advantageous method to evaluate the intervention's efficiency is activity log. This element contains all the information about the patient's activities and progresses.
• Pathophysiology: Diabetes Type 1 and 2 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease; the immune system of the body attacks the beta cells of the pancreas, which results in the elimination of insulin production.
• Measuring the Global Burden of Disease Community members should identify the best sources of statistical information in order to understand the major illnesses affecting them.
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Treatment Outcomes Diabetes is associated with a decline in health-related quality of life, so after the intervention, it is reasonable to expect improvements in several areas.
• Elderly Education on Diabetes: Study Design This paper is meant to study the effect of post-discharge self-management education promotions and techniques for elderly patients with diabetes on health outcomes.
• Managing the Daily Life of Individuals With Diabetes The suggested teaching plan covers the topic of primary prevention and health promotion. The health problem it comprises is diabetes.
• A High Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes The purpose of the paper is to overview the type 2 diabetes , describe an evidence-based intervention related to the modifiable risk factor, and suggest a teaching plan for the patient.
• Hypertension and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology The clinical findings and physical examination of the patient provide evidence that prove the development of right-sided heart failure.
• Diabetes Patient: The Impact of Chronic Illness The interview indicates that the patient has accepted her disease and manages it. She is aware of her condition and controls her blood glucose level regularly.
• The Prevention and Control the Type-2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a widespread health issue that affects many people around the world regardless of age and gender.
• Diabetes: Disease Analysis Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. There are three types of diabetes, such as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
• Teaching Patients to Live with Diabetes The lesson informs patients about possible behavioral changes associated with diabetes and prepares them to live under new conditions, requirements and restrictions.
• Diabetes Management and Pharmacological Effects The research paper provides pharmacological effects of herbal supplements and metformin medication in the management of diabetes and nursing implications.
• Epidemiology Topics for Signature Assignment The topic of diabetic retinopathy is relevant to my future career as I will seek to encourage every patient with diabetes to have an eye examination regularly.
• Cardiovascular Issues in Hispanic Diabetes Patient This paper discusses the disease processes and produces a treatment plan for a 59-year-old Hispanic male with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Chronic Renal Failure: Prevention and Treatment in Diabetic Patients Chronic renal failure (CRF), which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, is a condition when kidneys fail to perform their function and respond to the needs of a body.
• Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet in Diabetic Patients The goal of this study is to verify the benefits of ketogenic diets in diabetic patients. The objectives included searching the literature for recent articles on the use of ketogenic diets in diabetes.
• The Issue of Diabetes in Native Americans The paper contributes to efforts for improving the quality of care for Native American patients diagnosed with or at risk for diabetes.
• Diabetes Documentation for Non-Medical Individuals This essay looks at how diabetes has been documented for non-medical individuals over the decades. Examples will be drawn from the poem Diabetes by James Dickey.
• Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes The studies show that even small changes in lifestyle and physical activity may significantly facilitate the condition of a patient with diabetes.
• The Management of Diabetes in Children The management of diabetes in children needs comprehensive understanding owing to the age of patients and the complexity that comes with the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention: Plan of Care As a lifestyle and dietary choices are central to diabetes prevention and management, it is critical to develop a plan of care for the use in health delivery to this population.
• Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is one of the primary health concerns of the American healthcare system. The prevalence of the disorder is likely to remain unchanged or even increase due to population aging.
• Geriatric Diabetes Management: Evidence-Based Project The presence of diabetes may provoke several complications such as an increase in the levels of blood sugar and blood glucose.
• Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes The patient involved in the assessment should pay attention to his diet as a modifiable risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Patient Education: Prepare to Live with Diabetes Living with diabetes is not an easy task. Unfortunately, no cure can be offered to patients in order to eliminate it completely.
• Diabetes Signs, Screening and Treatment Diabetes is among the most common endocrine disorders among adults. The condition can be successfully managed using a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches.
• Diabetes Monitor Health Application: Patient Guide The Diabetes Monitor health application records, analyzes, and controls the development of diabetes, reminds of blood glucose tests and the prescribed medicine.
• Nutritional Recommendations for Pediatric Diabetes The issue of children who have diabetes has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to the overwhelming number of consequences that influence their health on a daily basis.
• Diabetes: Causes and Effects Diabetes is the ailment in which there is lack of the production and improper utilization of insulin in the body.
• Diabetic Patient's Education on Insulin Injections The nursing case study is about Juan Duran, a Mexican-American who was prescribed to take insulin injections but was not instructed in how to perform them.
• Diabetes in Adolescents: Research Critique The following topics are discussed in this essay: protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, findings, and interpretation of findings.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Research and Clinical Findings Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, so it can not be completely treated; only properly managed, this is why the reliable method of diagnostics is a great tool for fighting it.
• The Negative Impact of Diabetes on Pregnancy This paper aims to raise awareness about the negative impact of diabetes on pregnancy and how this impact can be mitigated.
• Poor Diabetes Control in Miami-Dade County, Florida Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects a patient’s blood sugar level and leads to a range of negative consequences.
• The Family-Based Education for Adult Patients with T2DM: Positive Effects The purpose of this review is to determine whether family-based education improves glycemic control and health-related quality of life in adult patients with T2DM.
• “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Diabetes” by Chlebowy In the article, Chlebowy et al. examined one’s ability to manage diabetes type 2 and possible complications in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress.
• The Treatment of Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients: Case Study The treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients is characterized by several restrictions and precautionary measures.
• Evidence-Based Practice Interventions for Diabetes: CLC Assignment in Nursing Looking for evidence-based practice interventions for diabetes? ➤ Read our project paper example to ✅ learn about mobile health interventions in diabetes care.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations It is vital to develop a system of health recommendations that would promote the prevention of diabetes in Hispanic Americans.
• About Diabetes Treatment The article is a summary of the literature on the most recent findings for effective type 2 diabetes management strategies with a focus on patient engagement.
• Prevalence of Diabetes in Minority Populations This paper examines how nurse specialists could cope with the progression of diabetes in minority populations, such as Hispanics.
• COPD, Heart Failure, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus The paper aims to address health problems associated with high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. It involves analyzing patients’ lifestyles.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Aged Indigenous Australians The prevalence of diabetes 2 is common amongst the indigenous Australian people. The trend can be attributed to the genetic susceptibility amongst these people.
• Resistin and Its Potential Effects on Insulin Resistance The paper explores the physiological effects of the gut hormone Resistin. In the study conducted at The Penn Diabetes Center, resistin was first discovered as a 12 kDa polypeptide.
• The Global Prevalence of Diabetes in the World This document explores diabetes’ occurrence, causes, and the people more affected around the world, discusses symptoms of the disease and corrective measures to deal with it.
• Management of Foot Ulcers for People with Diabetes Diabetes-related complications are responsible for diabetic foot ulceration and amputation. Cases of lower limb amputation have increased because of diabetes.
• Patient Illness Trajectory From Diabetes Diagnosis to Hemodialysis in Taiwan The article reviews a study that examined diabetic patients' perceptions of their health and the importance of such information for nurses in the treatment of the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention Program Review This report aims to review the curriculum for the Diabetes Prevention Program that is offered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in preventing diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: The Key Aspects Diabetes mellitus signifies a chronic, lifetime condition that affects the aptitude of the body to consume the glucose in the blood.
• Prevention of Medication Errors in Diabetic Patients in Home Health Services The paper seeks to point out how medical errors can be prevented in-home care and hence lead to improved health outcomes in-home care for diabetic patients.
• Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents Diabetes is a common disease among young people in the USA. Dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle are the main risk factors for the development of type II diabetes.
• How To Protect an Infant Born to a Diabetic Mother This paper evaluates an effective care plan to be given to the baby as a way of mitigating the risks of an infant born of a diabetic mother contracting the disease.
• Care Plan Development: Treating Diabetes Mellitus This study discusses my role as a nurse in the examination of the health of an individual having diabetes and the provision of medical care.
• Diabetes: Obesity in Children This paper will discuss obesity in children and the management strategies that may help to reduce cases of overweight among the kids.
• Type 2 Diabetes Effect on African American Community The paper focuses on an effective learning program that will create awareness about Type 2 diabetes so that members can avoid behavior that may put them at the risk.
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England Juvenile type 1 diabetes mellitus is the form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that occurs in children and adolescents.
• Healthy People 2020 Initiative Goals in Miami, FL The three population-based communicable diseases analyzed are HIV/AIDS, STDs, and Diabetes. The community considered is Miami, FL 33155.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Resources Diabetes resource centers provide information that aids in learning the best manner of preventing and managing the illness.
• Support for Diabetes Using Technology by Hunt et al. Although technology applications can be used in the self-management of diabetes, people need to understand the multifaceted treatment plan.
• Critical Analysis: Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents The paper is divided into various sections, as follows: protection of human participants; data collection; data management and analysis; problem statement; interpretation of findings.

👍 Good Diabetes Essay Topics to Write about

• Strengthening Adherence in Patients With Diabetes Strengthening adherence in patients with diabetes could be realized via strong social and family support, the involvement of medical personnel, is also of great assistance.
• Diabetes Type-2 Management and Intervention Plan Better management of type-2 diabetes can help make positive changes in lifestyle and delay or avoid the complications related to this disorder.
• The Coping Skills, Treatment, and Support Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus Chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus is a big blow to the patient. The paper analysis the coping skills, treatment, and support aspects of diabetes mellitus.
• The Insulin Pump Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes The purpose of this paper is to discuss Johnson and the group findings in the context of the existing research the insulin pump therapy and its importance for the nursing practice.
• A Diabetes Diagnosis: Insulin Pump Therapy The current article discusses the long-term results of a diabetes diagnosis known as Insulin Pump Therapy. A large population was used to investigate these outcomes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Management Strategy This paper seeks to identify the most current diabetes management strategy, critically analyzing its findings in terms of its relevance to diabetes management.
• Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension for Elderly Patients With Diabetes This essay discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly diabetic patients, pharmacological principles in its management, and general nursing care.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin This paper discusses the structure, synthesis, secretion and metabolism of insulin in association with its major function, which is to regulate blood glucose.
• Treatment for Diabetes Analysis Although the new discoveries of antidiabetic drugs appear on the market, diabetic patients still suffer from diseases and side effects of these discoveries.
• Course Project: Lesson Plan for Diabetes Mellitus The main purpose of the lesson plan is to inform and sensitize more people about the issues associated with diabetes mellitus.
• Diabetes Management and Quality Improvement Initiative The purpose of the diabetes management and quality improvement initiative is to enhance the process of the healthcare provider and the outcome of patients.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes mellitus type II is a chronic metabolic syndrome that affects the body’s sugar metabolism by resisting the stimulation and production of insulin.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 Care Plan This project has identified the patient vulnerable to the selected health issue of diabetes and assessed one’s health status from the point of view of Healthy People 2020.
• Diabetes Resources, Control and Prevention The following project will list three helpful resources for this patient and for all those who need help in diabetes prevention and health promotion.
• Diabetic Diet Management: Patient Education Plan A nurse supporting individuals with diabetes should use education plans to produce the best goals, focus on a wide range of issues such as disease management, exercise, and diet.
• Diabetes Prevention Lesson and Teaching Plan In this paper, the teaching plan will be elaborated to help the community people affected by the diabetes problem improve their health status.
• Diabetes Impact on Direct Care Plan Development A diabetes direct care plan for the people in the community should be based on the data obtained during the screening and evaluation procedures.
• Aspirin Usage for Women with Diabetes For women with diabetes, does the use of low-dose aspirin daily reduce the risk of cardiovascular events within several years in comparison with no usage of low-dose aspirin?
• Type 2 Diabetes: The Ways to Prevent or Delay It This paper aims to describe several ways to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes: adequate diet, physical activity, etc.
• Diabetes and Positive Influence of Physical Exercise Continuous physical exercise helps diabetic patients to reduce their daily need for insulin, attain a healthy body mass index, and lower cardiovascular complications.
• Researching Intervention on Diabetes It is emotionally challenging for adolescents to understand why diabetes is a chronic disease that will accompany them throughout their lives
• Indicators in Black Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients This paper aims to analyze the importance of the variables and their topicality to the chosen PICOT question about black diabetes mellitus type II patients.
• The BlueStar Diabetes Mobile Health Application The mobile health application "BlueStar Diabetes" is advised for the client to help improve his quality of life and prevent any complications.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Age-Related Changes Type 2 diabetes is a disorder commonly caused by blood sugar imbalance in the body when insulin hormone becomes defective, and mainly results from lifestyle implications.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease The paper demonstrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause the symptoms of feeling extremely tired and gaining weight.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 The paper will address diabetes from the point of view of Healthy People 2020 and discuss diabetes' impact on individual health and the overall health of the nation.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Health Promotion Program The prevention of type 2 diabetes can be accomplished by ensuring that patients exercise, maintain a proper diet, get an annual physical, and participate in lifestyle seminars.
• Diabetes Intervention as Evidence-Based Practice Project The development of artificial pancreas technology provides an opportunity for more effective and safe treatment that is ongoing 24/7.
• Rapid Weight Loss in Elderly Diabetic Patient The paper discusses about measures for diagnostic causes problem of weight loss in diabetic and importance of right diagnostics.
• Quality Healthcare: Measuring NP Performance Out of six domains of care proposed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance, the paper focuses on such domains as the effectiveness of care.
• Diabetes in Children: Policies and Programs Diabetes is a chronic disease, the onset of which is caused due to the lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or organism's inability to use this insulin.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions Among Diabetes Patients This paper proposes to use several strategies that may not only improve outcomes in patients with diabetes but also reduce related workload and cost burden on the industry.
• Constant Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients The paper discusses the importance of Constant Glucose Monitoring in diabetic patients. It includes that GCM improves treatment satisfaction.
• Health Belief Model in Diabetes Care It is important to note that diabetes is a chronic condition where an individual’s body experiences issues with blood sugar regulations.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Patient Education Knowledge of type 2 diabetes and mortality from this disease will help to raise awareness of patients in this matter.
• A Diabetes Patient's Challenging Experiences The current paper provides one with a better understanding of individuals’ experiences with chronic illnesses and associated vulnerabilities.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions With Diabetes The current paper will review the ways of reducing frequent hospital readmissions among the population of patients with diabetes.
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Plan for Teenager The patient is a female teenager who goes to high school and frequently attends soccer practice, as she is the goalie of the soccer team.
• Factors That Affect the Increase of Type 2 Diabetes Worldwide
• Diabetes Mellitus and Contemporary Naturopathic Medicine
• Glucose Tolerance Tests Accuracy in Diagnosing Diabetes
• Metformin and Biliary Tract Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Among Ethnic Minorities and the Aging Population
• Diabetes, Ethnicity, and Genetics
• Type Two Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease That Discriminates Against Lifes
• Medications Adherence and Associated Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
• Obesity Issue in Society: A Growing Concern The paper focuses on obesity, reveals its prevalence in society, identifies solutions, and concludes by showing measures to be taken in controlling this condition.
• Obesity and Diabetes: Implications for Brain-Immunometabolism
• Optimizing Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: Energy Regulation by Free Fatty Acid Receptors
• Living With Diabetes: The Benefits of a High Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diet
• Sex and Gender Aspects in Diabetes
• Childhood Obesity and Its Correlation With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile Dysfunctions
• Diabetes: Health Policy Analysis This assignment discusses whether government officials should establish policies to promote diabetes prevention in educational institutions.
• Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management
• Genetic Origins and Interventions of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
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• Novel Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes
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EDITORIAL article

This article is part of the research topic.

The Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Endogenous Metabolites in Endocrine Diseases - Volume II

Editorial on the Research Topic The Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Endogenous Metabolites in Endocrine Diseases -Volume II

• 1 Western University, Canada
• 2 State University of Campinas, Brazil

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

The present collection builds upon the first edition of the Research Topic -The Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Endogenous Metabolites in Endocrine Diseases, with an update on this rapidly growing field. The goal of this topic is to identify the origin of endogenous metabolites generated by gut flora and its effects on endocrine physiology. This includes uncovering novel associations between endogenous metabolites produced by gut microbiota and host endocrine system and determining the signaling pathways recruited by these metabolites.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease, afflicting over 400 million people worldwide across socio-economic boundaries. DM is also an endocrine disease linked with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota [1]. Several studies in this Research Topic examine novel aspects of this disease and gut microbes. The observational study from Guo and colleagues [2], examines oral microbiota and its relationship with intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 DM.Dysbiosis of oral flora and transmission to the intestine provide novel avenues for diagnosing and treating type 2 DM. A systematic review from Hong and colleagues [3], investigates the involvement of gut microbiota and incidence of diabetic microvascular complications (DC). DC complications include diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which contribute to the high mortality and morbidity rate in DM patients. Their study found depletion of shortchain fatty acid-producing bacterial richness was associated with DC, and these results can inform future studies into the progression of DM to more severe disease states. Finally, the study by Ma and colleagues [4] characterizes changes in the gut microbiota in a rat model of DM following treatment with Yu-Ye Tang (YYT). YYT is a widely used, traditional Chinese medicinal product used to treat diabetes and gastritis, but its specific mechanism of action is unclear. This study combines in vivo measurements of host endocrine function and uses methods to detail changes in the microbial community and metabolites during disease and treatment with YYT. This study also provides a useful framework to investigate the effects of herbal formulations on modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism in future studies.Endocrine disorders also have a huge impact on liver function. Although many studies, including ones included in this collection, have drawn associations between dysbiosis and DM, the link between gut microbiota and chronic liver disease is more controversial. The study by Zhang and colleagues [5] adds clarity to this issue by using a novel approach to combine host genetic variants to explore the causal association between gut microbial populations and metabolites with chronic liver diseases.Tackling the underlying mechanism of action of bacterial metabolites on host health, the final two submissions examine mechanisms involving the hormone releasing cells of the gut, the enteroendocrine cells. Larraufie and colleagues [6] examines the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide, which is generated in the gut by sulfate-reducing bacteria, and its effects on enteroendocrine cell metabolism and function. Finally, the review by Masse and Lu [7] covers the main bacterial metabolites produced in the gut and the known signaling pathways recruited in enteroendocrine cells. The utility of targeting these mechanisms as a treatment for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are also covered in this comprehensive review. This collection spans the breadth of current research at the intersection of endocrinology and gut microbiology. These studies advance our understanding of the impact changes in gut microbial populations have on host endocrine function and provides insight on potential therapeutic strategies targeting microbial populations to improve human health.

Keywords: microbiota, endocrine, Diabetes Mellitus, chronic liver diseaes, Enteroendocrine cell

Received: 12 Oct 2023; Accepted: 30 Oct 2023.

Copyright: © 2023 Lu and Rocha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mx. Van B. Lu, Western University, London, Canada

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Were you assigned an essay on diabetes that requires extensive research? Do you have to distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 and the affected age groups? Perhaps, you need to elaborate on the reasons for this disease and its health implications.

If any of these scenarios seem familiar, stop worrying because we have the solution to all your writing concerns. PapersOwl abounds with free argumentative essays about diabetes written by experts in the medical field. Moreover, the platform offers help with framing your thesis statement for diabetes and the overall outline of your paper. Other tools available on the website include a plagiarism checker, conclusion and citation generators, and a title page maker.

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition prevalent in children and adults. It is the sixth leading cause of death in the US, claiming over 178,000 lives annually. The disease is complex because the glucose level in the blood is abnormally high and endangers the functioning of other organs. Improper treatment and lack of insulin can lead to life-threatening outcomes; otherwise, diabetics can have a typical life.

Engaging essay topics can include the effects of uncontrolled diabetes, proper diet, ideal body mass, reducing the risk factors, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. However, ensure you check at least several free essay examples on diabetes before you write the introduction. You can also consult titles by eminent experts with years of experience to get inspired for your sample research paper on diabetes.

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April 16, 2020

The Diabetes Essays: Research Topics and Work Hints

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Diabetes is a severe disease that happens when the body is not able to produce insulin as needed. As a result, it can’t convert the glucose from the food to become the source of energy for the body cells. The level of blood sugar becomes too high, and the adverse effects on human health are terrible, up to lethal.

It is vital to make the society conscious about this disease, as it is widespread enough. Diabetes with proper treatment won’t prevent people from having an active life. But as many people as possible must understand how diabetes affects us and learn the ways to treat it.

Doing such a research paper is an excellent means for understanding the problem. The more people will get familiar with the basics, the better they can fight this disease.  

Writing a research paper: methods and tips

Any research paper should start by searching for information on the problem. Speaking of a diabetes essay , we need to be extra careful about the trustworthiness of this information. There are still many dubious data and myths around this disease. Thus, the initial goal of the student doing this research is to find reliable sources and pick up the weighty arguments.

Refer to the professional books and journal articles, and check the records from the medical conferences dedicated to diabetes problems. Make sure to use only the verified information. When it comes to such a complicated and severe issue, it is obligatory to get the trusted data.

When you’ve collected the data and analyzed them, you can start the paper composition. No matter if you work on an essay or some other assignment type, you need a well-built structure of the text: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.  

Beginning of a diabetes research paper

The introduction is, perhaps, an essential part of the text in terms of your work success. It serves to present the topic and the main idea of your research and to help the listeners/readers follow it. But the primary goal is to grasp the audience.

If you are going to deal with medical terms like gestational diabetes, and explore more scientific data, the chances are that your public may get bored. Thus, you have to make them interested from the very beginning.

The introduction part must have a “hook” that is a short piece at the very beginning of the text. The best options to use are some thought-provoking statements, quotes, catchy facts, or stats data. The audience should want to learn more about the subject.

This part includes the diabetes thesis statement that is the most critical segment of the whole essay. It is the main idea of the diabetes-related aspects you offer to the public. Later in the text, you will prove that idea with reliable evidence from the researches.

The thesis statement should be placed right before the beginning of the body part. This statement is a kind of transition from the opening to the main text. You can formulate it in the way that it would lead the audience to the rest of the work directly. Or, you can use additional transitions to make it smoother for the reader/listener.  

How to compose and organize the body of an essay

The body of the research work takes 75-80% of the full text. It is a substantial part that presents the results of your examinations, and your interpretation of them.

Organize the information in paragraphs. Each paragraph should have its own main idea. You need to provide an opening of the section, and the logical conclusion. All items must be connected. The first section should lead to the next section.

The essay outline will be most helpful for sketching the essay body. There you can select the data to include in the text, the evidence, and references. It is an excellent tool for experimenting with their order and structure. Besides, you can track the “plotline” of the essay: it should start from the thesis statement and come through all the contents of the body until the conclusion part.

• For instance, the first paragraph of the body can describe the type 1 and type 2 diabetes with medical definitions.
• The second section would be about the causes of getting abnormal insulin in both cases.
• The third paragraph will be dedicated to diabetic patients and their primary needs to fight these diseases.

You can have as many paragraphs as needed for your idea. The only condition is that they all must be logical and rely on factual scientific data.

The conclusion of a diabetes research paper

The end of an exceptional diabetes essay should summarize the information you’ve provided. But it is even more vital that it stresses your main idea. When you compose the conclusion, you need to revise the whole essay and check if your arguments were persuasive, and you could prove your rightness.

The conclusion also needs the final hit sentences. Your goal is to “refresh” the perception of your audience and attract their attention again. One of the best methods is asking a question, as it always provokes the reaction. Another option is putting the case into a bigger context – it stresses the importance of the topic you chose.

Some suggestions for research topics in diabetes

Similar to other writing tasks you get in college, you have to choose the right research topics. Speaking of diabetes, you have a wide variety of choices. There are more general or more specific topics. Or, you might choose between “scientific” and “practical” matters. Even if the question is defined in your assignment, you might have freedom of interpretation.

We’ve collected some samples of research topics for your diabetes essay. We hope you will find an inspirational idea among them.

Topics to research the type 1 diabetes

• How to treat the complications to the eye for diabetic patients with type 1 diabetes? 
• How to guarantee the correct insulin activity for the patients?
• The main risk factors of this type.
• Causes of type 1 diabetes.
• Support therapy for patients with diabetes type 1.

Topics about diabetes for an argumentative essay

• The impact of poor nutritional habits on the development of the disease.
• Which ways are most effective for raising public awareness about diabetes?
• The phenomenon of gestational diabetes is of genetic origin.
• Efficient ways of preventing diabetes with a genetic predisposition.
• Economic factors are contributing to the development of diabetes.

Causes of diabetes topics

• Genetic causes and the role of heredity.
• How the lack of education about the processes running in the human body affects the development of diabetes?
• Obesity won’t let the body to produce insulin properly.
• Family diabetes: is it the product of genetics or poor eating habits?
• Diabetes as the complication of other diseases.

Diabetes research for nursing field essays

• Developing the diet for type 1 or type 2 diabetes patients.
• The help methods for diabetic foot ulcers.
• Assisting patients with amputations because of diabetes.
• How to improve the quality of life and immune system work of elderly patients suffering from this disease?
• Urgent help for ketoacidosis complications. 

Writing the diabetes essay is not just submitting a paper to get the desired grade. While working on this task, you get vital information and gain awareness about this problem. However, if you experience difficulties with the writing process itself – we are here to help.

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The Impact of the Global COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign on All-Cause Mortality

The global COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the largest public health campaign in history, with over 2 billion people fully vaccinated within the first 8 months. Nevertheless, the impact of this campaign on all-cause mortality is not well understood. Leveraging the staggered rollout of vaccines, we find that the vaccination campaign across 141 countries averted 2.4 million excess deaths, valued at $6.5 trillion. We also find that an equitable counterfactual distribution of vaccines, with vaccination in each country proportional to its population, would have saved roughly 670,000 more lives. However, this distribution approach would have reduced the total value of averted deaths by $1.8 trillion due to redistribution of vaccines from high-income to low-income countries.

Funding provided by NIA R01AG073286 (Whaley) and the Peter G. Peterson Foundation Pandemic Response Policy Research Fund (Agrawal). We thank Coady Wing and seminar participants at the 2023 ASHE conference for helpful comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Neeraj Sood reports personal fees from Amazon outside the submitted work.

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People broadly view the eu favorably, both in member states and elsewhere.

The European Union receives largely favorable ratings globally, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted this spring. Across 24 countries surveyed, a median of 66% give the EU a positive rating, while 29% give it a negative one.

This Pew Research Center analysis explores views of the European Union in 24 countries in North America, Europe, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. EU favorability is examined through long-term trend data and demographic analysis. Due to the coronavirus pandemic , this is the first year since 2019 that the Center’s Global Attitudes Survey has included countries from Africa and Latin America.

For non-United States data, this analysis draws on nationally representative surveys of 27,285 adults conducted from Feb. 20 to May 22, 2023. All surveys were conducted over the phone with adults in Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Surveys were conducted face-to-face in Argentina, Brazil, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland and South Africa. In Australia, we used a mixed-mode probability-based online panel.

In the U.S., we surveyed 3,576 adults from March 20 to March 26, 2023. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here is the question used for the analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

In the nine EU member states surveyed, a median of 69% have a favorable view of the organization, while 31% have an unfavorable view. Majorities in all but one country – Greece – express a favorable opinion. Views are especially positive in Poland, where nearly nine-in-ten (87%) say they have a positive opinion of the EU.

Outside the bloc of member states, views of the EU are somewhat similar, with a median of 61% across 15 countries giving a positive rating. In each country, larger shares of people have a positive view of the EU than have a negative one. Views are most favorable in South Korea, where roughly eight-in-ten (83%) express a positive opinion of the EU. And in the United States, about six-in-ten (61%) hold a favorable view of the organization.  

In some non-member countries, sizable shares of people do not offer an opinion on the EU. For example, two-in-ten or more in Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa do not share an opinion.

Favorable views of the EU over time

Among member nations, favorable views of the EU have dropped in some places since 2022. This is most evident in Hungary, where favorable views have dropped by 10 percentage points, approaching a historic low after reaching a record high in 2022.

Hungary has clashed with the EU over the last year, particularly on sending EU military aid to Ukraine and imposing sanctions against Russia. On balance, Hungarians prefer decreasing economic sanctions on Russia , and around three-quarters say maintaining access to Russian oil and gas is more important than being tough with Russia on Ukraine, according to recent Center surveys.

In other countries, the decline in favorability reflects a return to levels from before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In the Netherlands, for example, the share of people with a favorable view of the EU has changed from 70% in 2021, to 74% in 2022, to 67% in 2023. Opinions have also become somewhat less positive since 2022 in France (-9 points), Germany (-7) and Sweden (-6).

Among nonmember countries, views of the EU have also become less favorable in Canada and the United States. However, they have become more favorable in some countries, including Israel, where ratings have reached a record high of 59%, up 9 percentage points since last year. (The 2023 survey was conducted before the latest Israel-Hamas war.)

In some countries where the Center has not been able to survey since 2019 due to the coronavirus pandemic , views have become significantly more positive since we last asked this question. In India, Kenya, Mexico and Nigeria, the shares who have favorable views of the EU have increased by 10 or more percentage points since 2019. This increase may be similar to the one we observed in our 2022 survey , fielded during the early stages of Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine.

How views of the EU vary within countries

As observed in previous years, in both member and nonmember countries, people who place themselves on the ideological left often express a more favorable view of the EU than those who place themselves on the right. This difference is most evident in the U.S., where liberals are 37 percentage points more likely than their conservative counterparts to view the EU positively (80% vs. 43%).

A similar pattern exists in Israel, where there is a difference of 36 points between those on the left and those on the right (85% vs. 49% favorable). Eight other countries also have double-digit ideological differences on this question.

Another pattern that has persisted over time is that, in some European countries, supporters of right-wing populist parties are less likely to have a favorable opinion of the EU. For example, in the Netherlands, those who support the right-wing Party for Freedom (PVV) are 22 points less likely than those who don’t support PVV to view the EU positively. Similar patterns exist in France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

And in Hungary, supporters of the right-wing ruling party Fidesz, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orban, are 25 points less likely than those who don’t support Fidesz to have a favorable view of the EU. However, those who support Jobbik, another right-wing party, are more likely to view the EU positively than non-supporters. (For more information on how we classify populist parties, read the Appendix to our report on Hungarian and Polish views of Russia and the U.S. )

Views of the EU also vary by age in some countries. In 10 countries, adults ages 18 to 39 are more likely than those 40 and older to have a favorable view of the EU. For example, in the UK, 81% of those under 40 express a positive opinion of the organization, while 60% of those 40 and older say the same. In Italy, there is a 15-point difference between those under 40 and their older counterparts (79% vs. 64% favorable) on this question.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Oct. 13, 2022. Here is the question used for the analysis , along with responses, and the survey methodology .

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About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .