define key assignment

How-To Geek

How to remap any key or shortcut on windows 10.

Swapping the keycaps between keys doesn't count as "Remapping."

Quick Links

Remap keys with powertoys, how to remove the new key mapping, how to disable or remap keys using sharpkeys [alternative method], use your keyboard's software to remap keys, key takeaways.

Install Microsoft PowerToys from GitHub, launch it, and then navigate to Keyboard Manager > Remap a Key. Click the plus button, and then select the key you want to rebind from the list. You can click the trash can icon to remove a remapping at any time.

Would you like to use a different keyboard key to perform a certain task in Windows 10? Thanks to PowerToys , it's easy to remap any key to another key or even a shortcut combination on your keyboard. Here's how to set it up.

Microsoft makes it easy to remap keys with PowerToys , a free utility available for download online. Using PowerToys, you can make any key on your keyboard act like any other key — and even remap shortcuts.

If you don't already have PowerToys installed, download it for free from Github. After you install it, launch PowerToys Settings, then click "Keyboard Manager" in the sidebar. In the "Keyboard Manager" settings, click "Remap a Key."

When the "Remap Keyboard" window pops up, click the plus button ("+") to add a new key mapping.

After that, you'll need to define which key you want to remap (in the "Key:" column), and what key or shortcut you want it to perform (in the "Mapped To:" column).

First, select the key you'll be remapping in the "To:" column by either clicking the "Type" button and pressing the key on your keyboard, or by selecting it from the list in the drop-down menu. For example, we'll pick Scroll Lock here, since it often sits unused.

Next, select the key or shortcut you want to perform in the "Mapped To" column. For a single key, you can either choose it from the drop-down menu or click the "Type" button, then press it on your keyboard.

If you want to use a shortcut key combination, press the "Type" button, then press the combination on your keyboard. For example, here we've typed "Ctrl+C" for the standard Windows "Copy" shortcut.

After you have both "Key:" and "Mapped To:" columns defined, click "OK."

If you see a warning that one key will be left unassigned, click "Continue Anyway." This means that you won't be able to access the original function of the key that you just remapped.

(In our example, there will be no way to use Scroll Lock unless you remap another key to perform the original Scroll Lock function).

Next, you'll see the resulting mapping listed in the "Keyboard Manager" settings. That means your custom mapping has been saved and is now active.

If you want to add more mappings, click "Remap a key" again. When you're done, close PowerToys Settings completely, and your remapped key (or keys) will remain in effect. Use them as much as you'd like. You can always go back and adjust your mappings later if necessary.

Later on, if you want to remove the custom mapping you made, relaunch Power Toys Settings, then click "Keyboard Manager" and "Remap a key" again. In the list of mappings, click the trash can icon beside the mapping you'd like to delete.

The mapping will be removed. After that, click "OK" to close the window. Then you can either exit PowerToys completely or create a new mapping using the guide above. Have fun!

The major problem with PowerToys is that the remappings only work if the PowerToys application is running, so they won't work on the login screen. There also seem to be issues with the remappings not working properly in games and some other places. The solution? Use the old-school Windows Registry key remapping technique... but do it the easy way, using the open-source SharpKeys application.

SharpKeys won't let you remap shortcut key combinations, so you can't remap ALT+C to CTRL+C, for example, but you can do things like remap or disable the Caps Lock key on any version of Windows .

Install the application from their Github project page or from the Microsoft Store , open it up (clicking through the annoying Windows SmartScreen warnings), and then click the Add button to open up the Add New Key Mapping dialog.

We've been using SharpKeys literally since Windows Vista was around. That's a long time.

Many modern keyboards also have special software that allows you to remap keys as well. Since all of their software is different we can't definitively say "Here is how you do it." Generally speaking, you'll be looking for an option like "Customize," "Keybind," "Bind," or "Remap."

Here is a quick list to some of the specialized software available for different keyboard brands, though keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive list.

• Logitech G Hub
• Corsair iCUE
• SteelSeries Engine
• Razer Synapse
• HyperX NGENUITY
• Roccat Swarm

Your keyboard software probably lets you do other things besides modify keybinds. For example, if your keyboard has extra keys, or RGB, the manufacturer software is typically required to utilize them.

Customize keyboard shortcuts

You can customize keyboard shortcuts (or shortcut keys) by assigning them to a command, macro, font, style, or frequently used symbol. You can also remove keyboard shortcuts. You can assign or remove keyboard shortcuts by using a mouse or just the keyboard.

Use a mouse to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut

Go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon .

At the bottom of the Customize the Ribbon and keyboard shortcuts pane, select Customize .

In the Save changes in box, select the current document name or template that you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes in.

In the Categories box, select the category that contains the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

In the Commands box, select the name of the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Any keyboard shortcuts that are currently assigned to that command or other item appear in the Current keys box, or below the box with the label Currently assigned to .

To assign a keyboard shortcut do the following:

Begin keyboard shortcuts with CTRL or a function key.

In the Press new shortcut key box, press the combination of keys that you want to assign. For example, press CTRL plus the key that you want to use.

Look at Current keys (or Currently assigned to ) to see whether the combination of keys is already assigned to a command or other item. If the combination is already assigned, type a different combination.

Important:  Reassigning a combination of keys means that you can no longer use the combination for its original purpose. For example, pressing CTRL+B changes selected text to bold. If you reassign CTRL+B to a new command or other item, you will not be able to make text bold by pressing CTRL+B unless you restore the keyboard shortcut assignments to their original settings by selecting Reset All at the bottom of the Customize Keyboard dialog box.

Select Assign .

Note:  If you use a programmable keyboard, the key combination CTRL+ALT+F8 might already be reserved for initiating keyboard programming.

Remove a keyboard shortcut

In the Current keys box, select the keyboard shortcut that you want to remove.

Select Remove .

Use just the keyboard to assign or remove a keyboard shortcut

Press ALT+F, T to open the Word Options dialog box.

Press DOWN ARROW to select Customize Ribbon .

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Customize is selected at the bottom of the dialog box, and then press ENTER.

In the Categories box, press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the category that contains the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Press the TAB key to move to the Commands box.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the name of the command or other item that you want to assign a keyboard shortcut to or remove a keyboard shortcut from.

Any keyboard shortcuts that are currently assigned to that command or item appear in the Current keys box, or below the box with the label Currently assigned to .

Press the TAB key repeatedly until the cursor is in the Press new shortcut key box.

Press the combination of keys that you want to assign. For example, press CTRL plus the key that you want to use.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until the Save changes in box is selected.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to highlight the current document name or template in which you want to save the keyboard shortcut changes, and then press ENTER.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Assign is selected, and then press ENTER.

To remove a keyboard shortcut

Press the SHIFT+TAB key repeatedly until the cursor is in the Current keys box.

Press DOWN ARROW or UP ARROW to select the keyboard shortcut that you want to remove.

Press the TAB key repeatedly until Remove is selected, and then press ENTER.

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Remapping the keyboard

Keyboard remapping lets you associate a sequence of keystrokes with a particular action, so that typing the sequence of keystrokes causes the action to occur. The sequence of keystrokes can be either a single key or a single key combined with Shift, Ctrl, or Alt. The action can be to display a character, to execute a host function, to execute a custom function, or to execute a menu command.

To access the Keyboard window, either click the Remap button on the toolbar, click Edit > Preferences > Keyboard, or click Keyboard in the session properties. The numberic keys 0-9 and * and # can be remapped.

This remainder of this help file contains the following subsections:

Key assignment Assigning keys to functions Assigning keys to custom functions Assigning keys to applets Assigning keys to macros Duplicate key assignments Unassigning keys Searching for key assignments Restoring key assignments Restrictions on key remapping APL keyboard support

Key Assignment

• Current session

The current keyboard definition in your session is selected by default. In order to open a keyboard or toolbar definition file, it must have been previously saved to a drive (shared or local) to which you have access. For more information, refer to Opening Keyboard, Popup Keypad and Toolbar configuration components .

When you select a category, the specific functions within that category appear in the table below, along with the keys assigned to those functions. Select a function in this table to change its key assignment. Refer to Default Characters and Functions for more information.

Assigning keys to functions

To assign or reassign a key to a function:

• Start from a host session window.
• Click Edit > Preference > Keyboard, or click the Remap button on the toolbar.
• Click the Key Assignment tab.
• Select a Category.
• Select the function you want to assign a key to.
• Click Assign a Key.
• After you have successfully assigned all the keys you want, click OK.

Assigning keys to custom functions

If you want to assign a key or key combination to a custom function that is not currently listed in Keyboard Remap under the Custom Functions category, you can define these functions using the Custom Function Editor . When you do this, the Custom Functions category will appear with your newly defined functions, which can then be assigned to any key. Complete the assignment by following the steps for Assigning keys to functions , choosing Custom Functions as the category.

You can optionally define a custom function in the HTML or Java script file used to start the sessions. See adding additional HTML parameters for more information.

Assigning keys to applets

To assign or reassign a key to an applet, you must first run the applet:

• Click Actions > Run Applet, or click the Run Applet button on the toolbar.

The applet is now available for a key assignment.

• Complete the assignment by following the steps for Assigning keys to functions .

Assigning keys to macros

• Before you can assign a key combination to a macro, you must create a macro, either by clicking Actions > Record Macro or by importing a macro using the Macro Editor .
• Click on Edit > Preferences > Keyboard to access the Key Remapping facility.
• Use the pull-down menu to select the Macro category.
• Once you have selected the Macro category, your macro should appear in the list in the table, and you can assign a key combination to it by following the steps for Assigning keys to functions . Note: If you select a macro in a User Library, then Host On-Demand searches all user library locations for the selected macro name at the time you run the macro. See Searching user-defined macro locations for more information.

Duplicate key assignments

Duplicate keys on a keyboard can be assigned to independent functions.  Duplicate keys include keys like Shift or Ctrl that occur in multiple places on the keyboard.  To assign unique mappings for duplicate keys, follow the steps for Assigning keys to functions . 

This support does not affect keys used as modifiers.  If you use Ctrl, Alt, Shift or Meta in combination with another key, then no key location is processed with regard to the modifier.  For example, for the key combination Shift+Enter, the location of the Shift key is disregarded.  Therefore, the right or left Shift keys both act in the same manner for this combination, since the Shift key is defined as the modifier.

Unassigning keys

To undo an assignment of a key to a function, select the function, and then click Unassign Key.

Searching for key assignments

To find out if a key has already been assigned to a function:

• Click Search for Key.
• On your keyboard, press the key or key combination you are interested in.

If there is that key has already been assigned a function, that function will appear highlighted along with its assigned key. If no function is assigned to that key, a "Not Assigned" message will appear.

Restoring key assignments

To restore a previously reassigned key to its default assignment:

• Click Reset Key.
• Click the key you want to restore.

To restore all keys to their default assignments, click Reset All.

Restrictions on key remapping

Please note the following restrictions on key remapping:

When using Java 2 with Host On-Demand, the Ctrl-Tab and the Ctrl-Shift-Tab key combinations cannot be remapped. With Java 2, these key combinations are consumed by the Java Focus Manager and are not returned to Host On-Demand for processing.

Certain key combinations are treated in a similar fashion and cannot be assigned to different keyboard functions.

Duplicate key support only applies to Host On-Demand clients running with a Java Plug-in of 1.4.0 or newer. Macintosh clients require a JRE of version 1.4.2 or newer for duplicate key support.  If the JRE is older than version 1.4.2, it does not recognize the locations of keys on the keyboard.

For JREs older than version 1.4, key events, such as key pressed and key released, are dependent upon the operating system and keyboard layout of the machine where they are processed. The JRE makes no distinction between the following: 

• key function for Control received from the right or left Control keys 
• key function for Alt received from the right or left Alt keys 

Duplicate key support does not affect keys used as modifiers.  If you use Ctrl, Alt, Shift or Meta in combination with another key, then no key location is processed with regard to the modifier.  A Host On-Demand user or administrator cannot assign different key remapping functions to the following: 

• The same key combination using the right and left Control keys, or 
• The same key combination using right and left Alt keys 

The JRE processes these key combinations as the same key event. For example, if since Right Ctrl+P is processed in the same way as Left Ctrl+P by the JRE, then these key combinations cannot be assigned to different key remapping functions in Host On-Demand.

If you reassign a duplicate key that is a left Shift/Ctrl/Alt/Meta key or a numpad key, and you bring up Host On-Demand in a previous Java release (or Host On-Demand version 8.0 or earlier), you will receive an Unknown key code message.  

Some duplicate keys do not appear on all keyboards, however, Java is not capable of testing to see if a particular key exists.  Therefore, the key remapping facility might have default assignments for keys that do not exist on your keyboard.  You can delete these key remaps, but you will not be able to reassign them.

When you are mapping keys as an administrator, keep in mind that some clients might not have the same keyboard layout that you do (for example, the user may lack the Meta Key or Command key on Macintosh). Plan your mappings accordingly, otherwise clients might not be able to use some of the default mappings.

• Ctrl+Alt+muhenkan key
• Ctrl+Alt+zenkaku/hankaku key
• Korean/English key

APL keyboard support

By default, Host On-Demand now provides APL keyboard support. Prior to this, APL keyboard support was provided by running customized applet in Host On-demand. In this case, you need to write the applet that contains your mapping for APL keys. With this new enhancement, you no longer need to do this. The APL support in Host On-demand is similar to what is provided with IBM Personal Communications. APL keyboard can be enabled or disabled by pressing Ctrl+F8 . APL support is meant only for 3270 sessions.

3278 APL Extended Character Code support

Host On-Demand supports 3278 APL Extended Character Code along with 3270 APL Characters for 3270 Display sessions.

Configuration: The ExtendedAPL applet that has the mappings for 3278 APL Extended Character Set can be added to the session at startup. You can perform the following tasks:

• Set the Auto-Start pull-down to Applet .
• Type com.ibm.eNetwork.HOD.applet.ExtendedAPL in the Auto-Start Name field.
• Save the HTML file.
• On the client system, click the saved new or modified HTML file to access.
• You can enable or disable APL by pressing the Ctrl+F11 keys .

To run this applet after the session has been started,you can select Actions > Run applet from the session menu and type com.ibm.eNetwork.HOD.applet.ExtendedAPL as the name of the applet.

To run this applet in WCT, you need to add the hodappln2.jar (or hodappl2.jar if the problem determination is enabled) user as the User Jar file when creating the plugin.

This support is available only for the Type 3 APL keyboard layout. (It is not available for codepages in BIDI, Thai, and Hindi.)

Follow the steps below to configure the Regional and Language settings of the system:

• Set Regional Options as English (United States)
• Set Keyboard layout as English (United States) - US

When the ExtendedAPL applet is running, the Ctrl+F11 key combination is always used to enable and disable Extended APL mode, and any action assigned to this combination in keyremap will be ignored.

Related topics:

• Specifying a key as repeating or non-repeating
• Specifying keystroke buffering
• Default characters and functions

Understanding Assignments

What this handout is about.

The first step in any successful college writing venture is reading the assignment. While this sounds like a simple task, it can be a tough one. This handout will help you unravel your assignment and begin to craft an effective response. Much of the following advice will involve translating typical assignment terms and practices into meaningful clues to the type of writing your instructor expects. See our short video for more tips.

Basic beginnings

Regardless of the assignment, department, or instructor, adopting these two habits will serve you well :

• Read the assignment carefully as soon as you receive it. Do not put this task off—reading the assignment at the beginning will save you time, stress, and problems later. An assignment can look pretty straightforward at first, particularly if the instructor has provided lots of information. That does not mean it will not take time and effort to complete; you may even have to learn a new skill to complete the assignment.
• Ask the instructor about anything you do not understand. Do not hesitate to approach your instructor. Instructors would prefer to set you straight before you hand the paper in. That’s also when you will find their feedback most useful.

Assignment formats

Many assignments follow a basic format. Assignments often begin with an overview of the topic, include a central verb or verbs that describe the task, and offer some additional suggestions, questions, or prompts to get you started.

An Overview of Some Kind

The instructor might set the stage with some general discussion of the subject of the assignment, introduce the topic, or remind you of something pertinent that you have discussed in class. For example:

“Throughout history, gerbils have played a key role in politics,” or “In the last few weeks of class, we have focused on the evening wear of the housefly …”

The Task of the Assignment

Pay attention; this part tells you what to do when you write the paper. Look for the key verb or verbs in the sentence. Words like analyze, summarize, or compare direct you to think about your topic in a certain way. Also pay attention to words such as how, what, when, where, and why; these words guide your attention toward specific information. (See the section in this handout titled “Key Terms” for more information.)

“Analyze the effect that gerbils had on the Russian Revolution”, or “Suggest an interpretation of housefly undergarments that differs from Darwin’s.”

Additional Material to Think about

Here you will find some questions to use as springboards as you begin to think about the topic. Instructors usually include these questions as suggestions rather than requirements. Do not feel compelled to answer every question unless the instructor asks you to do so. Pay attention to the order of the questions. Sometimes they suggest the thinking process your instructor imagines you will need to follow to begin thinking about the topic.

“You may wish to consider the differing views held by Communist gerbils vs. Monarchist gerbils, or Can there be such a thing as ‘the housefly garment industry’ or is it just a home-based craft?”

These are the instructor’s comments about writing expectations:

“Be concise”, “Write effectively”, or “Argue furiously.”

Technical Details

These instructions usually indicate format rules or guidelines.

“Your paper must be typed in Palatino font on gray paper and must not exceed 600 pages. It is due on the anniversary of Mao Tse-tung’s death.”

The assignment’s parts may not appear in exactly this order, and each part may be very long or really short. Nonetheless, being aware of this standard pattern can help you understand what your instructor wants you to do.

Interpreting the assignment

Ask yourself a few basic questions as you read and jot down the answers on the assignment sheet:

Why did your instructor ask you to do this particular task?

Who is your audience.

• What kind of evidence do you need to support your ideas?

What kind of writing style is acceptable?

• What are the absolute rules of the paper?

Try to look at the question from the point of view of the instructor. Recognize that your instructor has a reason for giving you this assignment and for giving it to you at a particular point in the semester. In every assignment, the instructor has a challenge for you. This challenge could be anything from demonstrating an ability to think clearly to demonstrating an ability to use the library. See the assignment not as a vague suggestion of what to do but as an opportunity to show that you can handle the course material as directed. Paper assignments give you more than a topic to discuss—they ask you to do something with the topic. Keep reminding yourself of that. Be careful to avoid the other extreme as well: do not read more into the assignment than what is there.

Of course, your instructor has given you an assignment so that he or she will be able to assess your understanding of the course material and give you an appropriate grade. But there is more to it than that. Your instructor has tried to design a learning experience of some kind. Your instructor wants you to think about something in a particular way for a particular reason. If you read the course description at the beginning of your syllabus, review the assigned readings, and consider the assignment itself, you may begin to see the plan, purpose, or approach to the subject matter that your instructor has created for you. If you still aren’t sure of the assignment’s goals, try asking the instructor. For help with this, see our handout on getting feedback .

Given your instructor’s efforts, it helps to answer the question: What is my purpose in completing this assignment? Is it to gather research from a variety of outside sources and present a coherent picture? Is it to take material I have been learning in class and apply it to a new situation? Is it to prove a point one way or another? Key words from the assignment can help you figure this out. Look for key terms in the form of active verbs that tell you what to do.

Key Terms: Finding Those Active Verbs

Here are some common key words and definitions to help you think about assignment terms:

Information words Ask you to demonstrate what you know about the subject, such as who, what, when, where, how, and why.

• define —give the subject’s meaning (according to someone or something). Sometimes you have to give more than one view on the subject’s meaning
• describe —provide details about the subject by answering question words (such as who, what, when, where, how, and why); you might also give details related to the five senses (what you see, hear, feel, taste, and smell)
• explain —give reasons why or examples of how something happened
• illustrate —give descriptive examples of the subject and show how each is connected with the subject
• summarize —briefly list the important ideas you learned about the subject
• trace —outline how something has changed or developed from an earlier time to its current form
• research —gather material from outside sources about the subject, often with the implication or requirement that you will analyze what you have found

Relation words Ask you to demonstrate how things are connected.

• compare —show how two or more things are similar (and, sometimes, different)
• contrast —show how two or more things are dissimilar
• apply—use details that you’ve been given to demonstrate how an idea, theory, or concept works in a particular situation
• cause —show how one event or series of events made something else happen
• relate —show or describe the connections between things

Interpretation words Ask you to defend ideas of your own about the subject. Do not see these words as requesting opinion alone (unless the assignment specifically says so), but as requiring opinion that is supported by concrete evidence. Remember examples, principles, definitions, or concepts from class or research and use them in your interpretation.

• assess —summarize your opinion of the subject and measure it against something
• prove, justify —give reasons or examples to demonstrate how or why something is the truth
• evaluate, respond —state your opinion of the subject as good, bad, or some combination of the two, with examples and reasons
• support —give reasons or evidence for something you believe (be sure to state clearly what it is that you believe)
• synthesize —put two or more things together that have not been put together in class or in your readings before; do not just summarize one and then the other and say that they are similar or different—you must provide a reason for putting them together that runs all the way through the paper
• analyze —determine how individual parts create or relate to the whole, figure out how something works, what it might mean, or why it is important
• argue —take a side and defend it with evidence against the other side

More Clues to Your Purpose As you read the assignment, think about what the teacher does in class:

• What kinds of textbooks or coursepack did your instructor choose for the course—ones that provide background information, explain theories or perspectives, or argue a point of view?
• In lecture, does your instructor ask your opinion, try to prove her point of view, or use keywords that show up again in the assignment?
• What kinds of assignments are typical in this discipline? Social science classes often expect more research. Humanities classes thrive on interpretation and analysis.
• How do the assignments, readings, and lectures work together in the course? Instructors spend time designing courses, sometimes even arguing with their peers about the most effective course materials. Figuring out the overall design to the course will help you understand what each assignment is meant to achieve.

Now, what about your reader? Most undergraduates think of their audience as the instructor. True, your instructor is a good person to keep in mind as you write. But for the purposes of a good paper, think of your audience as someone like your roommate: smart enough to understand a clear, logical argument, but not someone who already knows exactly what is going on in your particular paper. Remember, even if the instructor knows everything there is to know about your paper topic, he or she still has to read your paper and assess your understanding. In other words, teach the material to your reader.

Aiming a paper at your audience happens in two ways: you make decisions about the tone and the level of information you want to convey.

• Tone means the “voice” of your paper. Should you be chatty, formal, or objective? Usually you will find some happy medium—you do not want to alienate your reader by sounding condescending or superior, but you do not want to, um, like, totally wig on the man, you know? Eschew ostentatious erudition: some students think the way to sound academic is to use big words. Be careful—you can sound ridiculous, especially if you use the wrong big words.
• The level of information you use depends on who you think your audience is. If you imagine your audience as your instructor and she already knows everything you have to say, you may find yourself leaving out key information that can cause your argument to be unconvincing and illogical. But you do not have to explain every single word or issue. If you are telling your roommate what happened on your favorite science fiction TV show last night, you do not say, “First a dark-haired white man of average height, wearing a suit and carrying a flashlight, walked into the room. Then a purple alien with fifteen arms and at least three eyes turned around. Then the man smiled slightly. In the background, you could hear a clock ticking. The room was fairly dark and had at least two windows that I saw.” You also do not say, “This guy found some aliens. The end.” Find some balance of useful details that support your main point.

You’ll find a much more detailed discussion of these concepts in our handout on audience .

The Grim Truth

With a few exceptions (including some lab and ethnography reports), you are probably being asked to make an argument. You must convince your audience. It is easy to forget this aim when you are researching and writing; as you become involved in your subject matter, you may become enmeshed in the details and focus on learning or simply telling the information you have found. You need to do more than just repeat what you have read. Your writing should have a point, and you should be able to say it in a sentence. Sometimes instructors call this sentence a “thesis” or a “claim.”

So, if your instructor tells you to write about some aspect of oral hygiene, you do not want to just list: “First, you brush your teeth with a soft brush and some peanut butter. Then, you floss with unwaxed, bologna-flavored string. Finally, gargle with bourbon.” Instead, you could say, “Of all the oral cleaning methods, sandblasting removes the most plaque. Therefore it should be recommended by the American Dental Association.” Or, “From an aesthetic perspective, moldy teeth can be quite charming. However, their joys are short-lived.”

Convincing the reader of your argument is the goal of academic writing. It doesn’t have to say “argument” anywhere in the assignment for you to need one. Look at the assignment and think about what kind of argument you could make about it instead of just seeing it as a checklist of information you have to present. For help with understanding the role of argument in academic writing, see our handout on argument .

What kind of evidence do you need?

There are many kinds of evidence, and what type of evidence will work for your assignment can depend on several factors–the discipline, the parameters of the assignment, and your instructor’s preference. Should you use statistics? Historical examples? Do you need to conduct your own experiment? Can you rely on personal experience? See our handout on evidence for suggestions on how to use evidence appropriately.

Make sure you are clear about this part of the assignment, because your use of evidence will be crucial in writing a successful paper. You are not just learning how to argue; you are learning how to argue with specific types of materials and ideas. Ask your instructor what counts as acceptable evidence. You can also ask a librarian for help. No matter what kind of evidence you use, be sure to cite it correctly—see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial .

You cannot always tell from the assignment just what sort of writing style your instructor expects. The instructor may be really laid back in class but still expect you to sound formal in writing. Or the instructor may be fairly formal in class and ask you to write a reflection paper where you need to use “I” and speak from your own experience.

Try to avoid false associations of a particular field with a style (“art historians like wacky creativity,” or “political scientists are boring and just give facts”) and look instead to the types of readings you have been given in class. No one expects you to write like Plato—just use the readings as a guide for what is standard or preferable to your instructor. When in doubt, ask your instructor about the level of formality she or he expects.

No matter what field you are writing for or what facts you are including, if you do not write so that your reader can understand your main idea, you have wasted your time. So make clarity your main goal. For specific help with style, see our handout on style .

Technical details about the assignment

The technical information you are given in an assignment always seems like the easy part. This section can actually give you lots of little hints about approaching the task. Find out if elements such as page length and citation format (see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial ) are negotiable. Some professors do not have strong preferences as long as you are consistent and fully answer the assignment. Some professors are very specific and will deduct big points for deviations.

Usually, the page length tells you something important: The instructor thinks the size of the paper is appropriate to the assignment’s parameters. In plain English, your instructor is telling you how many pages it should take for you to answer the question as fully as you are expected to. So if an assignment is two pages long, you cannot pad your paper with examples or reword your main idea several times. Hit your one point early, defend it with the clearest example, and finish quickly. If an assignment is ten pages long, you can be more complex in your main points and examples—and if you can only produce five pages for that assignment, you need to see someone for help—as soon as possible.

Tricks that don’t work

Your instructors are not fooled when you:

• spend more time on the cover page than the essay —graphics, cool binders, and cute titles are no replacement for a well-written paper.
• use huge fonts, wide margins, or extra spacing to pad the page length —these tricks are immediately obvious to the eye. Most instructors use the same word processor you do. They know what’s possible. Such tactics are especially damning when the instructor has a stack of 60 papers to grade and yours is the only one that low-flying airplane pilots could read.
• use a paper from another class that covered “sort of similar” material . Again, the instructor has a particular task for you to fulfill in the assignment that usually relates to course material and lectures. Your other paper may not cover this material, and turning in the same paper for more than one course may constitute an Honor Code violation . Ask the instructor—it can’t hurt.
• get all wacky and “creative” before you answer the question . Showing that you are able to think beyond the boundaries of a simple assignment can be good, but you must do what the assignment calls for first. Again, check with your instructor. A humorous tone can be refreshing for someone grading a stack of papers, but it will not get you a good grade if you have not fulfilled the task.

Critical reading of assignments leads to skills in other types of reading and writing. If you get good at figuring out what the real goals of assignments are, you are going to be better at understanding the goals of all of your classes and fields of study.

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Key Assignments

The Key Assignments command allows you to assign or reassign keystroke combinations to commands. The mouse buttons can also be assigned to commands. The key assignments are part of the current configura­tion.

Key Assignments Dialog box

You can type into this text box to narrow down the command list, so that you can find the command you want easily. With name fragment matching, you can simply type a word contained within any command name.

Command list

Lists all the Source Insight commands, including macros and custom commands that you've defined. When you select a command here, the keystrokes list is loaded with all the keystrokes currently assigned to the selected command.

Keystrokes list

Lists all the keystrokes assigned to the selected command. Select a keystroke here before clicking the Delete button when deleting it.

Click this to record the new key assignments in the current configuration.

Click this to cancel the command. The current configuration will not be affected by any changes in the dialog box so far.

Assign New Key…

Click to add a new keystroke or mouse click to the command selected in the Command list. A window will pop up prompting you to type a key combination.

Delete Assignment

Click to remove the assignment of the keystroke selected in the Keystrokes list from the command selected in the Command List.

Click to run the selected command. This also records any changes you have made.

Click to reset the key assignments to their default, factory settings. Source Insight will ask you if you are sure you want to do this.

Click to create a key assignments list file. This also records any changes you have made. The list file is just a text file that contains a list of commands, and their key assignments.

Click Menu to record the new key assignments in the current configuration, and then run the Menu Assign­ments command. See: Menu Assignments .

Numeric Keypad Keys

The numeric keypad keys / * - + are bound to these commands by default:

If you want those keys to function normally by just inserting the character on the key top, then you need to un-assign those keys from the commands.

Use the Options > Key Assignments  dialog box to find those commands and delete the key assignments for each of them. When the key assignments are removed from those keys, they will function normally.

Assigning Keys and Mouse Clicks

The procedures for assigning keys and mouse clicks are described below.

To Assign Keystrokes

You can add any combination of Alt, Ctrl, and Shift key modifiers with any other key, including mouse but­tons.

To assign a new keystroke combination to a command:

1. Select the command in the Command list.

2. Click the Assign New Key button.

3. Type the keystroke(s) that you want to assign. Pressing Esc cancels the assign procedure. If the key­stroke you typed is already assigned to a different command, Source Insight will ask you if you want to re-assign it.

To Assign Mouse Clicks

To assign a mouse click to a command:

3. Click the mouse button that you want to assign. If you want a modifier key, such as Alt, Shift, or Ctrl, to be included, press the modifier key before clicking the mouse button. You can even use the Left mouse button to modify the right button. Pressing Esc cancels the assign procedure.

To Delete a Key Assignment

To delete a keystroke assignment from a command:

2. Select the keystroke to be deleted in the Keystroke list.

3. Click the Delete button.

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Definition of assignment

task , duty , job , chore , stint , assignment mean a piece of work to be done.

task implies work imposed by a person in authority or an employer or by circumstance.

duty implies an obligation to perform or responsibility for performance.

job applies to a piece of work voluntarily performed; it may sometimes suggest difficulty or importance.

chore implies a minor routine activity necessary for maintaining a household or farm.

stint implies a carefully allotted or measured quantity of assigned work or service.

assignment implies a definite limited task assigned by one in authority.

Examples of assignment in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'assignment.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

see assign entry 1

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Phrases Containing assignment

• self - assignment

Dictionary Entries Near assignment

Cite this entry.

“Assignment.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assignment. Accessed 8 Nov. 2023.

Legal Definition

Legal definition of assignment, more from merriam-webster on assignment.

Nglish: Translation of assignment for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of assignment for Arabic Speakers

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How to Set Up Your Own Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows 11

Fancy adding some keyboard shortcuts of your own to Windows 11? Here's how to do it.

Windows 11 includes numerous keyboard shortcuts right out of the box. However, the operating system doesn’t include any options for creating custom hotkeys that open software, documents, and folders. You can still add hotkeys to desktop shortcuts, but adding a plethora of shortcuts to the desktop isn’t exactly an ideal way to set up your system.

As a result, it’s better to check out some of the third-party keyboard shortcut software packages for Windows 11. WinHotKey and HotkeyP are among those apps that enable you to set up keyboard shortcuts for your favorite software, documents, and folders. This is how you can set up custom hotkeys with WinHotKey and HotkeyP.

How to Download and Install WinHotKey

WinHotKey is a freely available app for setting up new keyboard shortcuts. That software is compatible with most Windows desktop platforms as well. It has a quick and easy setup and takes up very little drive storage space. You can download and install WinHotKey as follows.

• Open WinHotKey’s Softpedia page in a web browser.
• Select the Download Now option.
• Click the Softpedia Secure Download (US) option and download the file.
• Select the Next option.
• Click the I accept the agreement radio button, and press the Next button again.
• Select the Next option to install the software.
• After installing, select the option to set up a WinHotKey desktop shortcut. Then you can click that shortcut to launch the software.

How to Set Up Software Hotkeys

The WinHotKey Configuration includes a list of default Windows hotkeys . However, you can’t edit those default keyboard shortcuts in any way. What you can do is add new custom hotkeys for opening software to that list. You can set up new custom keyboard shortcuts for launching software like this.

• Type an optional description for the hotkey in the text box on the General tab if you wish.
• Select the Launch an application option on the drop-down menu.
• Select an app for the hotkey to launch.
• Click the OK button.
• You can also select additional keys for the hotkey by clicking the Alt , Shift , and Ctrl checkboxes. The Windows checkbox is selected by default, but you can deselect that option.
• Click the OK button to exit the Launch: Advanced window.
• Then press the OK button on the New Hotkey window to add the keyboard shortcut.

Thereafter, the WinHotKey Configuration window will include your custom hotkey.

Now you can press your new hotkey to open whatever software you selected for it. You can change that keyboard shortcut by selecting it and clicking Edit Hotkey . To delete one, select it and click Remove Hotkey .

You can set up hotkeys for launching Windows programs as well as third-party software. The C: > Windows > System32 folder path includes many of the built-in accessories. These are some of the Windows features you can set up hotkeys for with WinHotKey:

• Control Panel: control.exe
• Task Manager: Taskmgr.exe
• Calculator: calc.exe
• Command Prompt: cmd
• Notepad: notepad.exe
• Performance Monitor: perfmon.exe
• Registry Editor: regedit.exe
• Event Viewer: eventvwr
• Services Windows: services.msc
• Optimize Drives: dfrgui

How to Set Up Folder, Document, and Window Control Hotkeys

Aside from software shortcuts, you can establish hotkeys for opening folders and document files much the same. Instead of selecting Launch an Application on the New Hotkey window, select either the Open a Folder or Open a Document option. Then click Browse to select a document’s or folder’s path, configure a key combination, and press the OK button.

WinHotKey also enables you to set up hotkeys for six different window control actions. To set up such a keyboard shortcut, select the Control the Current Window option on the New Hotkey window. Then you can select minimize, maximize, restore, toggle, resize, and move window control options for the keyboard shortcut.

How to Create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts With HotkeyP

HotkeyP is a decent alternative third-party app to WinHotKey for creating custom Windows keyboard shortcuts. Like WinHotKey, it’s a freely available and lightweight app for utilizing on most Windows platforms. It enables you to set up custom keyboard shortcuts for opening user files and folders, running programs, and activating many functions. This is how you can download and run HotkeyP:

• Bring up the HotkeyP Softpedia page .
• Click HotkeyP’s Free Download button.
• Double-click HotkeyP.exe file inside the extracted hotkeyp_64bit directory.

Now you’ll see an empty HotkeyP window. You can fill that window by adding some new custom hotkeys. First, try setting up a hotkey that opens software on your PC like this:

• Press the … (ellipses) button for the Command box.
• Select a program’s EXE (application) file for the hotkey to open.
• Then click inside the empty box beside those checkboxes and press a key on your keyboard to include it within the hotkey.
• Select OK to add the new custom hotkey.
• Now you’ll see the new hotkey you’ve created included within the all and programs categories on the HotkeyP window. Press the new hotkey you just set up to launch the selected program.

There are extra options you can select to configure how the hotkey launches the program. For example, select Run as administrator to set the program to open with elevated privileges. Or set the software to run at a higher priority by selecting a high or above normal option on the Process priority drop-down menu.

You can set up custom hotkeys that open user files and folders much the same. To do so, click the … button in the Hot Key window and select a user file or folder instead of an app. Set the keyboard shortcut with the other settings.

To set up some system, multimedia, window, and display hotkeys with HotkeyP, click the < button on the Hot Key window. Move your cursor over the Windows , Display , Multimedia , or System submenu. Select a function (or action) to assign to the hotkey. For example, you can set up a hotkey that shuts down Windows by selecting Shutdown on the System menu.

You can change general software settings for HotkeyP by clicking the Options button. That will bring up an Options window that includes numerous miscellaneous software. Make sure the Start automatically at Windows startup checkbox is selected on the General tab. Then HotKeyP will automatically start in the background.

Set Up All the Windows Software HotKeys You Need With WinHotKey

So, you won’t need Windows 11 desktop, Start menu, and taskbar shortcuts anymore when you’ve got WinHotKey or HotKey P. They're easy-to-utilize programs with which you can set up a wide variety of software, folders, and document keyboard shortcuts without cluttering the Windows desktop. Their only notable shortcoming is that you can’t set up website hotkeys with them, but they're still very handy apps nonetheless.

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Meaning of assignment in English

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• It was a jammy assignment - more of a holiday really.
• He took this award-winning photograph while on assignment in the Middle East .
• His two-year assignment to the Mexico office starts in September .
• She first visited Norway on assignment for the winter Olympics ten years ago.
• He fell in love with the area after being there on assignment for National Geographic in the 1950s.
• act as something
• all work and no play (makes Jack a dull boy) idiom
• be at work idiom
• be in work idiom
• housekeeping
• in the line of duty idiom

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

assignment | American Dictionary

Assignment | business english, examples of assignment, collocations with assignment.

These are words often used in combination with assignment .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of assignment

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Configuring Master Data Governance for Customer

SAP Master Data Governance for Customer (MDG-C) enables you to govern customer master data on a hub system and to replicate the customer master data to a variety different client systems.

Additional features for decentralized customer master data governance are delivered with the business function Master Data Governance for Customer on Client (ERP) . It enables you to search and compare corresponding data on the hub system, before creating or changing customer master data on a client system.

For detailed information how to configure MDG-C on client system, see Configuring Master Data Governance for Customer on Client System .

To use SAP Master Data Governance for Customer, you need to carry out the steps described below.

Prerequisites

Business Functions

In the Customizing activity Activate Business Functions (transaction SFW5 ), you have activated the following business functions:

MDG-C on a hub system

Master Data Governance, Generic Functions (MDG_FOUNDATION)

Master Data Governance, Generic Functions 2 (MDG_FOUNDATION_2)

Master Data Governance, Generic Functions 3 (MDG_FOUNDATION_3)

Master Data Governance for Customer (MDG_ERP_CUSTOMER_1)

Master Data Governance for Customer 6.1 (MDG_ERP_CUSTOMER_2)

MDG-C on a client system

Master Data Governance for Customer on Client (ERP) (MDG_CUST_ERPCLIENT_1)

If you intend to distribute data using SOA services, you have to activate the following business functions on the hub system and on the client systems:

Business Foundation: Services for Supplier (CA_SUPPLIER_SOA)

Business Foundation: Services for Business Partner (CA_BP_SOA)

If you want to use graphical elements in the MDG-C work center or the Business Context Viewer (BCV), we recommend to activate the following business functions:

/BCV/MAIN_1

For information about the Business Context Viewer , see Business Context Viewer (BCV) .

Customizing

You can access all MDG specific Customizing using the transaction MDGIMG .

Authorization Objects

You have assigned the relevant authorization objects and roles. For more information about the authorization objects and roles, see Customer Master Data Governance (CA-MDG-APP-CUS) .

Set Up Workflow

Web Dynpro Applications

You have activated the services for Web Dynpro Applications. For a detailed list of the relevant services, see Services to be Activated for Web Dynpro Applications .

Constraints

Master Data Governance for Customer neither supports time dependency for central data and address usages nor time validity for addresses and bank details. Therefore it cannot run on clients using the SAP Business Partner and Customer with time dependency and time validity for other purposes.

To distribute business partner and customer data from an ERP system into a CRM client system as of CRM 7.01 and higher services are required.

Activation of the Business Partner (BP) Data Model

Check whether you can use the data model delivered by SAP for managing your customer master data with MDG-C.

For further information, see Defining a Governance Scope .

Assign an internal key

Example: If you create new entries with the following values, all temporary IDs are prefixed with $ and an internal sequence number.

Data Model = BP, Entity Type = ADDRNO => Prefix $ (where ADDRNO is the address number)

Data Model = BP, Entity Type = BP_HEADER => Prefix $ (where BP_HEADER is the customer number)

Activate Business Configuration Set

MDG-C offers two different groups of change request types that support either the customer UI or the ERP Customer UI. Only one of these groups should be used. If you intend to use the ERP customer UI as alternative to the customer UI proceed as follows:

Proceed with the ERP customer UI specific settings described in the corresponding note below.

To access the BC-Set open the assigned documentation and choose the link.

Define Number Ranges for Customer Account Groups and Contact Persons per Target System

If you intend to override the standard settings, so that you can distribute customer master data into the target systems, with the numbers of the customers in the target system being different from the corresponding numbers in the hub system, run the corresponding activities in Customizing:

Configure Change Request Settings

Depending on your company’s requirements, you might want to adjust and enhance the change request default values.

The following information describes exemplary settings required for a standard governance process. For more information about each Customizing activity, see the relevant documentation for that Customizing activity.

Review and/or define which statuses the change requests can have, and which processing options are enabled for those statuses. Optionally, you can add new statuses to be used in the change request types defined in the next step.

The following statuses are required for the SAP standard process:

CUP1 (Create Customer)

CUP2 (Process Customer)

CUP3 (Display Customer)

CUP5 (Block/Unblock Customer)

CUP6 (Mark Customer for Deletion)

BPPI (MDG Hub Inbound: Create Customer)

BPPU (MDG Hub Inbound: Process Customer)

BPPH (Process Business Partner Hierarchies)

BPPL (Business Partner Initial Load)

BPPM (Business Partner Mass Maintenance)

Create new change request types for data model BP , or validate after import using business configuration set (BC Set).

The following table shows the change request types for data model BP of the customer UI. Only the relevant columns are included.

The following settings should exist in the substructures of the change request types:

Substructure of Change Request Types:

Entity types:

ADDRNO: Msg. Output = Standard

BP_HEADER: Msg. Output = Standard

BP_REL: Msg.Output = Standard

Business Activity: CUP1

Business Activity: CUP2

Entity type: BP_HEADER: Msg. Output = Standard

Business Activity: CUP5

Business Activity: CUP6

Business Activity: BPPI

Business Activity: BPPU

BP_HRCHY: Msg. Output = Standard

BP_REL: Msg. Output = Standard

Business Activity: BPPH

Business Activity: BPPL

Business Activity: BPPM

In an optional step you can specify Service Level Agreement for all the mentioned change request types.

ERP Customer UI Specific Settings

If you use the ERP Customer UI, check that the following business activities are in your system:

CLP1 (Create Customer)

CLP2 (Process Customer)

CLP3 (Display Customer)

CLP5 (Block/Unblock Customer)

CLP6 (Mark Customer for Deletion)

The following table shows the change request types for data model BP of the ERP Customer UI. Only the relevant columns are included.

The following settings should exist in the substructures of the change request types: Substructure of Change Request Types:

Business Activity: CLP1

Business Activity: CLP2

Business Activity: CLP5

Business Activity: CLP6

Import Predefined Field Modification Criteria for Transaction BP Using MDGC

Optionally, you can define priorities, reasons, or rejection reasons for change requests. You can enter codes and a short description to tag or classify your change requests. These codes can be used later for change request analytics (process quality analysis). They also can be used to influence the workflow-driven processes. For example, depending on the priority of a change request, you can mark it for special processing.

You can apply system settings that allow you to monitor in detail how effectively your organization processes change requests. For details, see Enabling Detailed Analysis of Change Requests .

Set Up the Workflow

This section describes how to make the Customizing settings required to run the workflow for the approval process in MDG-C.

Activate type linkage

Ensure that the object type BUS2250 has the following settings:

Event: CREATED

Receiver Type: (blank)

Type linkage active: yes

Enable event queue: deactivated

The type linkage indicator must not be active for all other receiver types of object type BUS2250 and event CREATED. This receiver type is defined via the receiver type function module USMD_WF_RECEIVER_TYPE. Make sure that receiver function module SWW_WI_CREATE_VIA_EVENT_IBF is entered.

Configure workflow tasks.

Go to application component CA-MDG-AF and choose Assign Agents .

All activities (denoted by TS* ) that are not set as Background Task need to be set to General Task . To do so, select the activity, choose Attributes , and change to General Task .

Repeat the procedure for all non-background activities within the CA-MDG-APP-BP application component.

Check number of workflow steps

If you use the change request types delivered with MDG-C, the following workflow steps are delivered:

WS54300003. Step 0, 1, 2, 3

WS46000023: Step 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

WS46000027: Step 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

WS60800095: Step 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Create Organizational Unit or Change Staff Assignments for Organizational Unit

Create an organizational unit with transaction PPOCW or change staff assignments for an organizational unit with transaction PPOME . Users who will process the workflow steps have to be assigned to this organizational unit.

Assign Processors to Workflow Steps

Assign processors, for example users or organizational units, for all change request types and their created workflow steps.

The following table shows an example of the change request types and their workflow steps.

Show Master Data Governance for Customer 6.1 Specific UIBBs

To show the user interface building blocks (UIBB) for the entities delivered with the business function Master Data Governance for Customer 6.1 proceed as follows:

Depending on whether you use the customer UI or the UI-configuration BS_OVP_BP_ALL carry out the corresponding procedure.

Prerequisites:

In transaction SU01 on the Parameters tab the Set/Get parameter FPM_CONFIG_EXPERT is set to the value A .

The authorization objects S_DEVELOP and S_WDR_P13N are assigned to your user.

Show specific UIBBs for the customer UI

Run transaction NWBC , enter the role SAP_MDGC_MENU_03 and choose Start NetWeaver Business Client for HTML .

Choose Search Supplier .

If an error message is displayed concerning missing object component Customizing proceed as follows:

Choose New .

In the Create Customizing dialog box enter a description and choose OK .

In the Select Transport Request dialog box choose OK .

Mark Main Page BS_BP_OVP.

On the Overview Page Schema tab, click on Section: BP_SECTION to open the UIBB structure.

Mark UIBB: Relationship BS_BP_RELATIONS.

In the Hidden Element field in the Attributes of UIBB section select Visible and choose Save .

Repeat the procedure as of step 4 using the following values:

Edit Page BS_CU_MLT_ASSIGNMENT

UIBB: ERP Customer: Company Codes BS_CU_COMPANY_CODES

UIBB: ERP Customer: Sales Area BS_CU_SALES_AREAS

UIBB: ERP Customer: Tax Indicators BS_CU_TAX_INDICATORS

To show the corresponding UIBBs within Block and Mark for Deletion change requests, mark an existing customer in the search result list, choose Block or Mark for Deletion and proceed as described above as of step number 3.

Show specific UIBBs for the UI-configuration BS_OVP_BP_ALL

Double-click BS_OVP_BP_ALL and choose Test/Execute .

Set Up Business Partner

You set up the business partner Customizing and check number ranges and groupings that are mandatory for MDG-C.

Make sure your Customizing for the object Business Partner is harmonized throughout your hub and your client systems.

Set Up Customer

You set up or check the Customizing for the customer master in the MDG hub system and for the relevant client systems.

Make sure your Customizing for the object Customer is harmonized throughout your hub and your client systems.

Set Up Customer-Vendor Integration

Replicate Data

Replication of master data from the MDG hub to the connected systems and clients can be done using Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) services or using Application Link Enabling (ALE).

Data Replication using Enterprise Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Instead of ALE, you can also use SOA for the data replication. The service interfaces and service groups to be configured are found in the SOAMANAGER (SOA Manager) transaction.

For detailed information how to configure the SOAMANAGER for MDG, see Configuring the SOA Manager for Master Data Governance (NW 7.40) .

For information on the SOAMANAGER steps to be performed to configure WebService-based communication, see Configuring a Consumer Proxy .

The following services need to be configured:

Service definitions and service groups that need to be configured additionally to run MDG-C on a client system are shown in brackets.

For the message inbound processing in the master data client systems, configure the following services:

BusinessPartnerSUITEBulkReplicateRequest_In

BusinessPartnerRelationshipSUITEBulkReplicateRequest_In

[BusinessPartnerSUITEBulkReplicateConfirmation_In]

[BusinessPartnerRelationshipSUITEBulkReplicateConfirmation_In]

Configure the following service groups:

MDG_BS_SUPPLIERREPLICATECONF

[MDG_BS_SUPPLIERREPLICATEREQ]

For the message inbound processing in the master data server system, configure the following services:

BusinessPartnerSUITEBulkReplicateConfirmation_In

BusinessPartnerRelationshipSUITEBulkReplicateConfirmation_In

[BusinessPartnerSUITEBulkReplicateRequest_In]

[BusinessPartnerRelationshipSUITEBulkReplicateRequest_In]

MDG_BS_SUPPLIERREPLICATEREQ

[MDG_BS_SUPPLIERREPLICATECONF]

Replication eSOA Using the Data Replication Framework (DRF)

To define a new business system and to maintain the logical system for the receiving systems, choose New Entries .

Enter a business system, for example ABC_123 and a logical system, for example ABCCLNT123 .

Using New Entries , define a new replication model and enter a description.

Mark the line and choose Assign Outbound Implementation . Create a new entry and enter the following values using the input help:

Outbound Implementation: 986_3 Outbound Impl. for BP/REL via Services

Communication Channel: Replication via Services

Filter time: Filter After Change Analysis

Mark the line and choose Assign Target Systems for Repl. Model /Outb.Impl . Create a new entry and enter the business system name for the receiving system created in the step before.

Choose Assign Outbound Parameter . Create a new entry, enter the following values, and save.

Outb. Parameter: PACK_SIZE_BULK

Outb. Parameter value: 100 (example value)

Return to the Define Replication Model view. Optionally, you can also add an expiration time for the log.

Save your replication model.

Mark the newly-created replication model, and choose Activate .

Data Replication Using Application Link Enabling (ALE)

Set up RFC connections (in both directions: hub to client and client to hub for ADRMAS and DEBMAS)

Set up the RFC connection: Run transaction SM59 (configuration of RFC connections) and provide the required RFC destination details.

Create Global Company code for ALE

Maintain distribution model in SAP ERP (Outbound) for the distribution of Customer Master using ADRMAS and DEBMAS:

In change mode, create a new model. Choose the Create Model View . Enter a short text and a technical name.

Choose Add Message Type for the newly created model.

Enter names for the logical source and destination systems and choose message type DEBMAS .

Choose Add BAPI for the newly created model.

Enter the logical sender system and receiver system. In the Obj.Name/Interface field, enter AddressOrg and in the Method field, enter SaveReplica .

Alternatively to the replication of the customer master (using ADRMAS and DEBMAS) also the business partner can be replicated.

For the maintenance of the distribution model in a CRM system (Inbound), repeat steps 1 to 4 in your SAP CRM system. When replicating business partner data to an SAP CRM system or an SAP ERP system using SAP Business Partner (mainly industry solutions, such as Banking, Insurance, or Utilities), you use the Business Partner message types BUPA_INBOUND_MAIN_SAVE_M and BUPA_INBOUND_REL_SAVE_M for ALE distribution.

To distribute business partner data and business partner relationship data, configure your target system as described:

Define a serialization group.

Assign the message types listed below to the serialization group and enter the corresponding sequence numbers:

Select the inbound parameter.

Choose DetailScreenInboundParameter .

On the Inbound options tab, select Trigger by background program .

Run transaction SE38 and create a variant for the Report RBDSER04 . As Serialization Group enter the serialization group created above.

Create partner profile

Select the newly created model and in the Partner System field, enter the logical destination system.

Enter the ALE-User and the following values in the corresponding fields, and execute.

To verify your settings, run transaction WE20 and from the Partner Profiles menu, choose Partner type LS . Verify that Partner type LS is the logical destination system.

In the detail screen, the chosen message types ADRMAS and DEBMAS must appear as outbound parameters.

Distribute model view to receiving system.

Verify that the correct receiving system is marked and choose Enter .

Verify within the receiving system that the model view was created.

Select the distributed model and the partner system.

To verify your settings, run transaction WE 20 and from the partner profiles menu, choose partner type LS. Verify that partner type LS is the logical destination system.

In the detail screen, the chosen message types ADRMAS and DEBMAS must appear as inbound parameters.

Replication ALE Using the Data Replication Framework (DRF)

Enter a business system, for example ABC_123 and a logical system, for example ABCCLNT123 , select the Define Bus. Systems, BOs view, and enter the BO Type 159 (Customer).

Mark the BO Type 159 (Customer), select the Define Bus. Systems, BOs, Communication Channel view, enter the C. Channel Replication via IDoc , and select the value Key Mapping for the Key Harm. field.

If you select Harmonized IDs (no key mapping) for Key Harm. you have to use ALE inbound. It is not possible to import data using MDG DIF (Data Import Framework).

Mark the line and choose Assign Outbound Implementation . Create a new entry and enter the following values:

Outb. Impl.: 986_5 (MDG Customer via ALE)

Communication Channel: Replication via IDoc

Filter time: 2 (filter after change analysis)

Mark the line and choose Assign Target System for Repl. Model/Outb.Impl . Create a new entry and enter the business system name for the receiving system created in the step before.

Choose Save to save your entries.

Mark the newly created replication model, and choose Activate .

Alternatively, if you are working with message types BUPA_INBOUND_MAIN_SAVE_M and BUPA_INBOUND_REL_SAVE_M , do the following:

Use outbound implementation 986_1 .

For ALE-distribution with the business-partner-IDocs, follow the above procedure using outbound implementation 986_1 .

Define filter criteria.

In case different business partners are sent to receiver systems do the following:

Select your replication model and choose Create .

Enter filter values to determine which business partners shall be distributed, or which won’t, for example, due to number range settings for business partner creation.

Enable monitoring of IDoc posting (ALE Audit)

In the hub system: Run transaction BD64 to maintain a distribution model and define the direction MDG client to MDG hub.

For more information about distribution models, see Distribution Model .

Open transaction WE20 and navigate to the partner profile for the client system.

Enter the following inbound parameters without changing further data:

Message type: ALEAUD

Process code: AUD2

Replicate the distribution model to the target system using transaction BD64 .

Open transaction WE20 , navigate to the partner profile and enter the outbound parameter ALEAUD .

You can schedule the report RBDSTATE as a background job to run on a regular base.

Define Value Mapping

The fields of the customer record for which a value mapping can be defined, are stored in the table MDGV_ELEMENT .

Define Key Mapping

Search and Duplicate Check

Data Quality Services

You have the option to integrate SAP Master Data Governance with data quality management solutions, such as SAP Analytics Data Quality Management, including address validation, duplicate check, and data enrichment.

While creating new master data records, for example business partners, you can use the Web Dynpro application MDG_ADDR_CHECK_TEST to check that the entered address is valid and complete. This function supports you in detecting inconsistencies. It also helps you to improve the quality and completeness of your master data records with standardized address information on country and region codes, postal codes, as well as street names and house numbers.

Alternatively, you can also integrate third-party solutions that offer, for example, updating of databases, change of address service, address enrichment, or data cleansing.

For more information, see Validation and Enrichment .

Set Up Embedded Search

TREX is setup and configured for the Embedded Search in the system before enabling the master data object for Embedded Search.

For further information how to setup TREX, see Creating a Connection Between Embedded Search and TREX .

You are authorized to access the Connector Administration Cockpit (Transaction ESH_COCKPIT ).

Once TREX is configured, follow the steps mentioned below to enable the master data object for Embedded Search:

The search object connector template for business partner/customer (MDG_BUSINESS_PARTNER) contains information about entities and attributes and about the relationship among entities as defined in the data model.

Configure the search connector using the transaction ESH_COCKPIT . For further information, see Administration Cockpit .

Create a search connector for the corresponding embedded search template (MDG_BUSINESS_PARTNER).

Choose the UI environment you want to use to run SAP Master Data Governance

You can run SAP Master Data Governance in the environments of the SAP NetWeaver Business Client or in the environment of the SAP NetWeaver Portal.

SAP NetWeaver Business Client

If you are running SAP Master Data Governance on the SAP NetWeaver Business Client (and not on the SAP NetWeaver Portal), you need to configure the roles for the Business Client in the SAP ERP system. To do so, perform the following steps in the SAP ERP system:

Assign the menu role SAP_MDGC_MENU_03 to your users.

SAP_MDGC_MENU_03, Master Data Governance for Customer: Menu

The following authorization roles are delivered:

SAP_MDGC_DISP_03, Master Data Governance for Customer: Display

SAP_MDGC_REQ_03, Master Data Governance for Customer: Requester

SAP_MDGC_SPEC_03, Master Data Governance for Customer: Specialist

SAP_MDGC_STEW_03, Master Data Governance for Customer: Data Steward

Run transaction PFCG to verify the setting of the authorization objects within the roles and adapt the authorizations to your organizational structures.

SAP NetWeaver Portal

The SAP NetWeaver Portal content for MDG-C is derived directly from the system PFCG roles. To create SAP NetWeaver Portal roles for your users, you must log on to your portal and upload the content information from your back-end system PFCG roles.

To upload your portal content to the portal, do the following:

Set up your SAP NetWeaver Portal for MDG.

Select the system and client (or the connected system alias) you want to upload the role information from. This should be your hub system.

From the list displayed select the PFCG role SAP_MDGC_MENU_03 and begin the upload.

Once the MDG portal roles have been uploaded, you must assign them as follows:

Log on to the portal.

Choose Delegated User Administration .

Enter your User ID and choose Go .

Mark the line of your user and choose Modify .

Select the Assigned Roles tab.

Enter MDG as the search criteria.

Select the portal role you have uploaded before.

Choose Add and save.

After assigning the user role you need to log off and log on again to the portal. For more information on uploading role information see SAP Note 1685257 .

Data Transfer of Customer Master Data

Data transfer allows you to move master data between systems. These systems can be client or your main Master Data Governance systems.

If MDG-C is used on a productive ERP system in the same client no further initial import is required.

If MDG-C is used on a standalone ERP system customer data that is not available on the ERP hub needs to be imported from one of the following sources:

Another ERP system

A CRM system

An SRM system

A non-SAP system

Data Export from Source System

To be able to export customer master data, you can use the Export Master Data service (SAP ERP 6.0, EHP6). Additionally it is possible to export XML files in the IDoc format. In this case you need to configure the logical system for IDoc-XML. The steps are as follows:

Create an XML-file port

Use transaction WE21 to create an XML-file port for IDoc processing. Ensure that you have network access from your local client to the directory configured in the XML-file port. Enter the port name, description, and the physical directory. Enter the function module EDI_PATH_CREATE_CLIENT_DOCNUM . On the Outbound Trigger tab enter the RFC destination LOCAL_EXEC .

Create Logical System

Maintain Distribution Model

Switch to change mode and choose Create Model View to create a new entry. Enter a short text and a technical identifier.

Choose Add Message Type for the newly created model. Enter a logical source system name and a destination system name and choose the message type DEBMDM .

Create Partner Profile

Select the newly created model using the input help for the technical name and then select the logical destination system.

Enter the authorized user and the following values:

Version : 3

Pack.Size : 100

Output Mode : Immediate Transfer

Inbound. Processing : Immediately

Choose Execute . You can ignore the port error that appears.

Call transaction WE20 and make the following settings:

Open the Partner Type LS folder and select the partner profile you created above.

Update the message type DEBMDM in the Outbound Parameters section. The Receiver Port is the XML-file port from the first step above. In the Basic Type field enter DEBMDM06 for DEBMDM .

Test creation of IDOC XML

Generate the IDoc-XML for customer using the transaction BD12 .

Check the newly generated IDocs using transaction WE02 or BD87 . You can use the receiver port as the filter criteria in the Partner Port field.

Use transaction AL11 to find the XML files on the directory of your XML-file port.

To download the file for analysis purposes to local directory use transaction CG3Y .

Data Cleansing in NetWeaver MDM

In an optional step data cleansing, that means matching, merging, validation, and enrichment of data can be done with SAP NetWeaver MDM. The files from the data extraction process have to be converted in a first step and then can be imported into SAP NetWeaver MDM.

After data cleansing steps the customer data can be extracted again in order to import them into the MDG Hub. Additionally key and value mapping information might be created and uploaded with the customer data.

Use the transaction FILE to create the logical directory MDG_TRANS_SOURCE to be able to use the File Converter .

Data Import into Target System (MDG Hub)

If you want to use parallel processing for data import it is recommended that you register your queue name prefixes in the QIN Scheduler so that they are executed automatically and do not have to be manually activated each time. To register the queue name follow these instructions:

Run transaction SMQ2 .

Choose the Execute . This shows the list of current queues.

Choose the Registration .

In the Queue Name field, enter a prefix for your queues. Add an asterisk after the name to allow you to add additional text to the prefix when scheduling the export or import. Enter additional details as required.

Your new queue has been registered and will execute automatically.

The IDoc-XML files contain the following fields in the header section:

To be able to import IDoc-XML files the following set up activities need to be carried out:

Use transaction IDX1 to create two ports in the IDoc adapter, one for sending and the other for receiving. Enter the port, client, description, and RFC destination for each port. Both ports should have the RFC destination of the MDG hub. Check that the port names match the names in your IDoc-XML file for the SNDPOR and RCVPOR , see table above for details.

In transaction WE2 1 enter the receiver XML port using the same name as in step 1 above. Enter the port name under the folder XML File, and enter a description and a physical directory. In the function module field enter EDI_PATH_CREATE_CLIENT_DOCNUM . On the Outbound:Trigger tab, in the RFC destination field, enter LOCAL_EXEC .

In transaction BD54 enter the sender and receiver partner numbers as logical system names.

In transaction FILE create the logical file name. Enter a Logical File and a Name . In the Physical File field enter <PARAM_1> . In the data format field enter BIN . In the Application Area field enter CA . In the Logical Path field enter the logical file path

In transaction AL11 make sure that the IDoc-XML files are stored under the logical path and that there are no other files stored in that directory. Double-click on the path to view the existing iDoc-XML file. You can use transaction CG3Z to copy a local IDoc-XML file to the path.

You can use the Monitor Data Transfer application to get an overview of your data transfer processes.

Event Control

Check the table CRMC_BUT_CALL_FU and make sure that for the following entries the Call Function Module indicator is not set:

COM_BUPA_MWX*

BUPA_OUTBOUND_ALE_MAIN

BUPA_OUTBOUND_MAIN

Check the table CRMC_BUT_CALL_FU and make sure that for the following entries the Call Function Module indicator is set:

ABA_FSBP_INBOUND_MAIN

ABA_FSBP_OUTBOUND_BPS_FILL

Validations and Enrichments

For an example of how to derivate the value of a field if you enter a specific value into another field, see Derivation of the Reconciliation Account After Selecting a Specific Company Code .

The system is configured for Master Data Governance for Customer.

More Information

Master Data Governance Security Guide

For information about the data model of Master Data Governance for Customer, see the files offered on the SCN (SAP Community Network): http://scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-7858

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Writing Definitions

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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This handout provides suggestions and examples for writing definitions.

A formal definition is based upon a concise, logical pattern that includes as much information as it can within a minimum amount of space. The primary reason to include definitions in your writing is to avoid misunderstanding with your audience. A formal definition consists of three parts:

• The term (word or phrase) to be defined
• The class of object or concept to which the term belongs
• The differentiating characteristics that distinguish it from all others of its class

For example:

• Water ( term ) is a liquid ( class ) made up of molecules of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2 to 1 ( differentiating characteristics ).
• Comic books ( term ) are sequential and narrative publications ( class ) consisting of illustrations, captions, dialogue balloons, and often focus on super-powered heroes ( differentiating characteristics ).
• Astronomy ( term ) is a branch of scientific study ( class ) primarily concerned with celestial objects inside and outside of the earth's atmosphere ( differentiating characteristics ).

Although these examples should illustrate the manner in which the three parts work together, they are not the most realistic cases. Most readers will already be quite familiar with the concepts of water, comic books, and astronomy. For this reason, it is important to know when and why you should include definitions in your writing.

When to Use Definitions

"Stellar Wobble is a measurable variation of speed wherein a star's velocity is shifted by the gravitational pull of a foreign body."

"Throughout this essay, the term classic gaming will refer specifically to playing video games produced for the Atari, the original Nintendo Entertainment System, and any systems in-between." Note: not everyone may define "classic gaming" within this same time span; therefore, it is important to define your terms

"Pagan can be traced back to Roman military slang for an incompetent soldier. In this sense, Christians who consider themselves soldiers of Christ are using the term not only to suggest a person's secular status but also their lack of bravery.'

Additional Tips for Writing Definitions

• Avoid defining with "X is when" and "X is where" statements. These introductory adverb phrases should be avoided. Define a noun with a noun, a verb with a verb, and so forth.

"Rhyming poetry consists of lines that contain end rhymes." Better: "Rhyming poetry is an artform consisting of lines whose final words consistently contain identical, final stressed vowel sounds."

• Define a word in simple and familiar terms. Your definition of an unfamiliar word should not lead your audience towards looking up more words in order to understand your definition.
• Keep the class portion of your definition small but adequate. It should be large enough to include all members of the term you are defining but no larger. Avoid adding personal details to definitions. Although you may think the story about your Grandfather will perfectly encapsulate the concept of stinginess, your audience may fail to relate. Offering personal definitions may only increase the likeliness of misinterpretation that you are trying to avoid.

Remapping the keyboard

To access the Keyboard window, either click the Remap button on the toolbar, click Edit > Preferences > Keyboard, or click Keyboard in the session properties. The numberic keys 0-9 and * and # can be remapped.

• Current session
• After you have successfully assigned all the keys you want, click OK.

If you want to assign a key or key combination to a custom function that is not currently listed in Keyboard Remap under the Custom Functions category, you can define these functions using the Custom Function Editor . When you do this, the Custom Functions category will appear with your newly defined functions, which can then be assigned to any key. Complete the assignment by following the steps for Assigning keys to functions , choosing Custom Functions as the category.

You can optionally define a custom function in the HTML or Java script file used to start the sessions. See adding additional HTML parameters for more information.

• Use the pull-down menu to select the Macro category.
• Once you have selected the Macro category, your macro should appear in the list in the table, and you can assign a key combination to it by following the steps for Assigning keys to functions . Note that if you select a macro in a User Library, then Host On-Demand searches all user library locations for the selected macro name at the time you run the macro. See Searching user-defined macro locations for more information.

Duplicate keys on a keyboard can be assigned to independent functions.  Duplicate keys include keys like Shift or Ctrl that occur in multiple places on the keyboard.  To assign unique mappings for duplicate keys, follow the steps for Assigning keys to functions . 

This support does not affect keys used as modifiers.  If you use Ctrl, Alt, Shift or Meta in combination with another key, then no key location is processed with regard to the modifier.  For example, for the key combination Shift+Enter, the location of the Shift key is disregarded.  Therefore, the right or left Shift keys both act in the same manner for this combination, since the Shift key is defined as the modifier.

To find out if a key has already been assigned to a function:

Restrictions on key remapping

Please note the following restrictions on key remapping:

When using Java 2 with Host On-Demand, the Ctrl-Tab and the Ctrl-Shift-Tab key combinations cannot be remapped. With Java 2, these key combinations are consumed by the Java Focus Manager and are not returned to Host On-Demand for processing.

Certain key combinations are treated in a similar fashion and cannot be assigned to different keyboard functions.

Duplicate key support only applies to Host On-Demand clients running with a Java Plug-in of 1.4.0 or newer. Macintosh clients require a JRE of version 1.4.2 or newer for duplicate key support.  If the JRE is older than version 1.4.2, it does not recognize the locations of keys on the keyboard.

For JREs older than version 1.4, key events, such as key pressed and key released, are dependent upon the operating system and keyboard layout of the machine where they are processed. The JRE makes no distinction between the following: 

• key function for Control received from the right or left Control keys 
• key function for Alt received from the right or left Alt keys 

Duplicate key support does not affect keys used as modifiers.  If you use Ctrl, Alt, Shift or Meta in combination with another key, then no key location is processed with regard to the modifier.  A Host On-Demand user or administrator cannot assign different key remapping functions to the following: 

• The same key combination using the right and left Control keys, or 
• The same key combination using right and left Alt keys 

The JRE processes these key combinations as the same key event. For example, if since Right Ctrl+P is processed in the same way as Left Ctrl+P by the JRE, then these key combinations cannot be assigned to different key remapping functions in Host On-Demand.

If you reassign a duplicate key that is a left Shift/Ctrl/Alt/Meta key or a numpad key, and you bring up Host On-Demand in a previous Java release (or Host On-Demand version 8.0 or earlier), you will receive an Unknown key code message.  

Some duplicate keys do not appear on all keyboards, however, Java is not capable of testing to see if a particular key exists.  Therefore, the key remapping facility might have default assignments for keys that do not exist on your keyboard.  You can delete these key remaps, but you will not be able to reassign them.

When you are mapping keys as an administrator, keep in mind that some clients might not have the same keyboard layout that you do (for example, the user may lack the Meta Key or Command key on Macintosh). Plan your mappings accordingly, otherwise clients might not be able to use some of the default mappings.

• Ctrl+Alt+muhenkan key
• Ctrl+Alt+zenkaku/hankaku key
• Korean/English key

By default, Host On-Demand now provides APL keyboard support. Prior to this, APL keyboard support was provided by running customized applet in Host On-demand. In this case, you need to write the applet that contains your mapping for APL keys. With this new enhancement, you no longer need to do this. The APL support in Host On-demand is similar to what is provided with IBM Personal Communications. APL keyboard can be enabled or disabled by pressing Ctrl+F8 . APL support is meant only for 3270 sessions.