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Research Papers/Topics in Biomedical Engineering

Sweat sensors in the smart wearables era - a review.

In recent years, there has been significant interest in developing wearable devices to mimic the integrated sensing of life forms, which enhances their performance and survival capabilities. Progress in the development of physical sensors and wearable electronics has been promising, leading to numerous consumer products that measure activity, posture, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood oxygen level. Despite the challenges in retrieving and processing bodily fluids, wearable chemical sens...

Effect of Magnetic field on Micro-organisms

  This study uses the model organism, C. elegans, to investigate its sensitivity and response to static magnetic fields. Wild-type C. elegans are put into microfluidic channels and exposed to permanent magnets for five cycles of thirty-second time intervals at field strengths ranging from 5 milli Tesla to 120 milli Tesla. Recorded and analyzed with custom software, the results of the worm's movement - the average velocity, turning and curling percentage - were compared to control experiments...

Worm Egg Counting using Machine learning

To evaluate the level of infestation of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, in the field, egg population densities are determined from soil samples. Sucrose centrifugation is a common technique for separating debris from the extracted SCN eggs. We have developed a procedure, however, that employs OptiPrep as a density gradient medium, with improved extraction and recovery of the eggs compared to the sucrose centrifugation technique. Also, we have built computerized methods t...

Paralysis modes of worms in drugs

The emergence of new drugs is often driven by the escalating resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the accessibility of more advanced technology platforms. Microfluidic devices have allowed for quicker testing of compounds, regulated sampling/sorting of entire animals, and automated behavioral pattern detection. In the majority of microfluidic devices, the effects of drugs on small animals (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans)elegant are quantified by an endpoint, dose response curve that sho...

Modes of paralysis of worms in anthelmintic drugs

Microfluidic chip for culturing gene-edited bacteria.

By utilizing a low-cost engineering tool, we have created a microfluidic platform to study bacteria at the single cell level, allowing us to unlock insights into microbial physiology and genetics that would otherwise not be possible. The platform is composed of 3D devices made of adhesive tapes, an agarose membrane as the resting substrate, a temperature-controlled environmental chamber, and an autofocusing module. With this technology, we have been able to observe Escherichia coli morphologi...

Wearable devices at Work

The effects of the workplace on the safety, health, and productivity of personnel can be seen at various levels. To protect and boost general worker health, innovative hardware and software tools have been developed for the detection, elimination, substitution, and regulation of occupational hazards. Wearable technologies make it possible for constant tracking of workers and their environment, whereas connected worker solutions provide contextual information and support for decision-making. H...

Video Capsule Endoscopy : A Review of Technologies

In this review, we focus on the hardware and software technologies used for the purpose of gastrointestinal tract monitoring in a safe and comfortable manner. We review the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices, and the features incorporated in capsule systems such as microrobotics, closed-loop feedback, physiological sensing, nerve stimulation, sampling and delivery, panoramic imaging and rapid reading software. Both experimental and commercialized capsule systems...

Animal Behavior Sensing Electronics

We propose a remote monitoring device for measuring behavioral indicators like posture, gait, vocalization, and external temperature which can help in evaluating the health and welfare of pigs. The multiparameter electronic sensor board was tested in a laboratory and on animals. Machine learning algorithms and decision support tools can be used to detect lameness, lethargy, pain, injury, and distress. The roadmap for technology adoption, potential benefits, and further challenges are discusse...

Electrical field effects on micro-organisms

We present the NERV, a nonmechanical, unidirectional valve, to control the locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegant (C. elegans) in microfluidic devices. This valve is created by establishing a region of lateral electric field which can be toggled between on and off states. We observed that C. elegans do not prefer to advance into this region when the field lines are facing their movement, so when they reach the boundary of the NERV, they partway enter the field, retreat, and switch direction. We...

Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes

It is becoming more essential to identify and recognize the phenotypes of anti-parasitic drug-resistant isolates. Current molecular methods of doing so are restricted. In this paper, we showcase a microfluidic bioassay to measure phenotype using parameters of nematode locomotion, using larvae of the animal parasite Oesophagostomum dentatum. Parameters of sinusoidal movement, including propagation speed, wavelength, wave amplitude, and oscillation frequency, were dependent on the levamisole-se...

Robotic Manipulator using an Inductive Sensor

This project involves the use of an inductive sensor to control a robotic arm system. The signals generated in the induction coil will help in controlling the manipulator to perform certain gripping and grabbing actions. Also, the report describes the method used to acquire and process these induced signals before they are sent (induced signals) to the manipulator through the help of two programmed microcontrollers.

A Hybrid Technique for Speckle Noise Reduction in ultrasound images

Abstract In the field of biomedical imaging, Ultrasound is an incontestable vital tool for diagnosis, it provides in non-invasive manner the internal structure of the body to detect eventually diseases or abnormalities tissues. These images are obtained with a simple linear or sector scan US probe, which show a granular appearance called speckle. . Unfortunately, the presence of speckle noise affects edges and fine details which limit the contrast resolution and make diagnostic more difficult...

Comparative Studies of Needle Free Injection Systems and Hypodermic Needle Injection: A Global Perspective

Needle-free injection (NFI) is a novel transdermal either intramuscularly or subcutaneously drug delivery system, where innovative ways to introduce a variety of medicines like as antibiotics, iron, or vaccines comfortably, accurately, easily and rapidly without, piercing the skin compared to traditional needle. While hypodermic needle is inject substances into body by intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, etc or extract fluids from the body body, for example taking blood fro...

Design and Implementation of a Mechanical Ventilator

Africa’s healthcare system is challenged by inadequate medical equipment, stemming from the fact that it does not manufacture its own medical devices but depends mostly on used medical equipment donations, many of which do not function and require extensive repairs. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 to 80 percent of medical equipment in developing countries are not working, therefore creating a barrier in the health system delivery of health services.  Mechanical ventilators ...

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45 Biomedical Research Topics for You

Biomedical Research Topics

Although choosing relevant biomedical research topics is often an arduous task for many, it shouldn’t be for you. You no longer have to worry as we have provided you with a list of topics in biomedical science in this write-up.

Biomedical research is a broad aspect of science, and it is still evolving. This aspect of science involves a variety of ways to prevent and treat diseases that lead to illness and death in people.

This article contains 45 biomedical topics. The topics were carefully selected to guide you in choosing the right topics. They can be used for presentations, seminars, or research purposes, as the case may be.

So, suppose you need topics in biomedical ethics for papers or biomedical thesis topics for various purposes. In that case, you absolutely have to keep reading! Are you ready to see our list of biomedical topics? Then, let’s roll.

Biomedical Engineering Research Topics

Biomedical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with providing solutions to problems in medicine and biology. Biomedical engineering research is an advanced area of research. Are you considering taking up research in this direction?

Research topics in this area cannot just be coined while eating pizza. It takes a lot of hard work to think out something meaningful. However, we have made a list for you! Here is a list of biomedical engineering topics!

  • How to apply deep learning in biomedical engineering
  • Bionics: the latest discoveries and applications
  • The techniques of genetic engineering
  • The relevance of medical engineering today
  • How environmental engineering has affected the world

Biomedical Ethics Topics

There are ethical issues surrounding healthcare delivery, research, biotechnology, and medicine. Biomedical Ethics is fundamental to successful practice experience and is addressed by various disciplines. If you want to research this area, then you do not have to look for topics. Here’s a list of biomedical ethics for paper that you can choose from:

  • The fundamentals of a physician-patient relationship
  • How to handle disability issues as a health care sector
  • Resource allocation and distribution
  • All you need to know about coercion, consent, and or vulnerability
  • Ethical treatment of subjects or animals in clinical trials

Relevant Biomedical Topics

Topics in Biomedical science are numerous, but not all are relevant today. Since biomedical science is constantly evolving, newer topics are coming up. If you desire in your topic selection, read on. Here is a list of relevant biomedical topics just for you!

  • The replacement of gene therapy by gene editing
  • Revolution of vaccine development by synthetic biology
  • Introduction of artificial blood – the impact on the health sector
  • Ten things know about artificial womb
  • Transplanted reproductive organs and transgender birth

Biomedical Science Topics

Biomedical science is the aspect of scientific studies that focuses on applying biology and chemistry to health care. This field of science has a broad range of disciplines. If you intend to do research in this field, look at this list of research topics in biomedical science.

  • The role of biomechanics in health care delivery
  • Importance of biomaterials and regeneration engineering
  • The application of cell and molecular engineering to medicine
  • The evolution of medical instrumentation and devices
  • Neural engineering- the latest discoveries

Seminar Topics for Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical science is constantly making progress, especially in the aspect of biomedical instrumentation. This makes it worthy of a seminar presentation in schools where it is taught. However, choosing a biomedical research topic for a biomedical instrumentation seminar may not come easy. This is why we have collated five brilliant topics for biomedical instrumentation just for you. They include:

  • Microelectrode in neuro-transplants
  • Hyperbaric chamber for oxygen therapy
  • How concentric ring electrodes can be used to manage epilepsy
  • How electromagnetic interference makes cochlear implants work
  • Neuroprosthetics Management using Brain-computer interfaces (BCI)

Biomedical Engineering Topics for Presentation

One of the interesting aspects of biomedical science in biomedical engineering. It is the backbone that gives the biomedical science structure. Are you interested in making presentations about biomedical engineering topics? Or do you need biomedical engineering topics for paper? Get started here! We have compiled a list of biomedical engineering topics for you. Here they are:

  • In-the-ear device to control stuttering: the basis of its operation
  • How to implement the magnetic navigated catheterization
  • Semiconductor-cell interfaces: the rudiments of its application
  • The benefits of tissue engineering of muscle
  • The benefits of sensitive artificial skin for prosthetic arms

Hot Topics in Biomedical Research

Biomedical research is fun because it is often relatable. As interesting as it seems, choosing a topic for research doesn’t come easy at all. Yet, there are also a lot of trending events around biomedical topics. To simplify your selection process, we have written out a few of them here.

Here are some hot biomedical research topics below.

  • What is immunology, and what is the relevance today?
  • Regenerative medicine- definition, importance, and application
  • Myths about antibiotic resistance
  • Vaccine development for COVID-19
  • Infectious diseases now and before

Biomedical Research Topics

Biomedical research is an extensive process. It requires a lot of time, dedication, and resources. Getting a topic shouldn’t be added to that list. There are biomedical thesis topics and research topics in biomedical science for you here:

  • Air pollution- sources, impact, and prevention
  • Covid-19 vaccination- the effect on life expectancy
  • Hyper insomnia- what is responsible?
  • Alzheimer’s disease- newer treatment approaches
  • Introduction of MRI compatible infusion pump

Biomedical Nanotechnology Topics

Biomedical research topics and areas now include nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has extended its tentacles to medicine and has been used to treat cancer successfully. This makes it a good research area. It is good for seminar presentations. Here are some biomedical nanotechnology topics below.

  • The uses of functional particles and nanomaterials
  • Nanoparticles based drug delivery system
  • The incorporation of nanoporous membranes into biomedical devices
  • Nanostructured materials for biological sensing
  • Nanocrystals- imaging, transportation, and toxicity features

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We believe you have been thoroughly equipped with a list of biomedical topics. This way, you wouldn’t have to go through the stress of choosing a topic for research, seminars, or other educational purposes. Now that you have the topics at your fingertips make your choice and enjoy!

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  • Open access
  • Published: 30 January 2019

BMC Biomedical Engineering: a home for all biomedical engineering research

  • Alexandros Houssein   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-4301 1 ,
  • Alan Kawarai Lefor 2 ,
  • Antonio Veloso 3 ,
  • Zhi Yang 4 ,
  • Jong Chul Ye 5 ,
  • Dimitrios I. Zeugolis 6 &
  • Sang Yup Lee 7  

BMC Biomedical Engineering volume  1 , Article number:  1 ( 2019 ) Cite this article

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This editorial accompanies the launch of BMC Biomedical Engineering , a new open access, peer-reviewed journal within the BMC series, which seeks to publish articles on all aspects of biomedical engineering. As one of the first engineering journals within the BMC series portfolio, it will support and complement existing biomedical communities, but at the same time, it will provide an open access home for engineering research. By publishing original research, methodology, database, software and review articles, BMC Biomedical Engineering will disseminate quality research, with a focus on studies that further the understanding of human disease and that contribute towards the improvement of human health.

Introduction

Biomedical engineering is a multidisciplinary field that integrates principles from engineering, physical sciences, mathematics and informatics for the study of biology and medicine, with the ultimate goal of improving human health and quality of life.

Biomedical engineering is not a new concept; however, it was not until the 1900s when rapid technological advancements in the chemical, physical and life sciences influenced breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. The invention of the electrocardiograph, the concept of x-ray imaging, the electron microscope, the mechanical heart valve and human genome sequencing, are just a few examples of technological innovations that revolutionised science and medicine and changed the approach to human healthcare. Current biomedical engineering technologies are a growing part of clinical decision making, which can now be influenced from multiscale observations, ranging from the nano to the macro-scale.

Today, the need for innovation in health technologies is ever more prominent. The annual global healthcare spending has seen continued growth and is projected to reach a staggering $8.7 trillion by 2020 [ 1 ]. Global health challenges are becoming more complex, wide spread and difficult to control. Resources are scarce and with a growing population, our society has a need for affordable, portable and sustainable solutions. The World Health Organisation has pledged to make a billion lives healthier by 2023 [ 2 ], a goal that will require widespread commitment by governments, funding agencies, researchers and clinicians. Biomedical engineers will be at the heart of this movement and face a responsibility for continuous innovation. Biomedical engineering research is expected to create health technologies that will drastically improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, as well as patient rehabilitation. As an example, the NIH 2016–2020 strategic plan focuses on point of care and precision medicine technologies including genetic engineering, microfluidics, nanomedicine, imaging, digital/mobile-Health and big data [ 3 ].

BMC Biomedical Engineering will strive to complement these efforts and provide an open access venue for the dissemination of all biomedical engineering research. As part of the BMC series, a portfolio of journals serving communities across all sciences, the Journal will act as a resource for a wide range of disciplines. It aims to support scientists, engineers and clinicians by making their research openly and permanently available, irrespective of their location or affiliation.

Aims and scope

BMC Biomedical Engineering considers articles on all aspects of biomedical engineering, including fundamental, translational and clinical research. It combines tools and methods from biology and medicine with mathematics, physical sciences and engineering towards the understanding of human biology and disease and the improvement of human health. The Journal will publish a range of article types, including research, methodology, software, database and review articles.

As part of the BMC series, a collection of open access, peer-reviewed and community focused journals covering all areas of science, editorial decisions will not be made on the basis of the interest of a study or its likely impact. Studies must be scientifically valid. For research articles this includes a scientifically sound research question, the use of suitable methods and analysis, and following community-agreed standards relevant to the research field.

BMC Biomedical Engineering aims to publish work that undergoes a thorough peer review process by appropriate peer-reviewers and is deemed to be a coherent and valid addition to the scientific knowledge. It aims to provide an open access venue which allows for immediate and effective dissemination of research and enables our readers to explore and understand the latest developments, trends and practices in biomedical engineering. We believe that open access and the Creative Commons Attribution License [ 4 ] are essential to this, allowing universal and free access to all articles published in the Journal and allowing them to be read and the data re-used without restrictions. BMC Biomedical Engineering will work closely with the rest of the journals in the BMC series portfolio [ 5 ] to help authors find the right home for their research. We will highlight selected journal content through various promotional channels to ensure the research reaches its target audience and receives the attention it deserves.

Editorial sections

Many new technologies that have revolutionised biomedical engineering require the coalition of previously independent communities. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs brings together methods from cell biology, biomaterials, nanotechnology and engineering and is being used for the transplantation of tissues, including skin, bone, muscle, soft tissue, cartilage and others [ 6 , 7 ]. The concept of tissue and disease modelling is being driven towards drug discovery and toxicology studies, aiming to increase the yield of drug testing by tackling limitations of current cell and animal models [ 8 ].

New approaches in natural and synthetic biomaterials have redefined bioelectronics. Silk fibroins and other unconventional interfaces can form flexible electronics and challenge the use of silicon-based technologies. For biomedical applications, these new approaches present advantages not only due to their biocompatibility and low cost, but also for their electromechanical and optical virtues [ 9 ]. Implantable probes are being redesigned so that they facilitate long term stability and high resolution, without perturbing the biological system or creating an immune response. Such technologies are now able to facilitate recordings of single neurons in vivo, in a chronically stable manner, with applications to the restoration of vision and retinal prosthetics [ 10 ].

For many years biomedical imaging has been connecting microscopic discoveries with macroscopic observations. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now able to image large spatial scales, from organelles to small animals, at very high speeds [ 11 ]. In fact, single-shot real-time imaging can operate at 10 trillion frames per second and is finding applications in breast cancer diagnosis [ 12 , 13 ].

In the field of medical robotics, new approaches combine machine learning and artificial intelligence to strengthen the clinician’s decision making. Others are leveraging augmented reality (AR) to facilitate better immersion and more natural surgical workflows for computer assisted orthopaedic surgery [ 14 ].

BMC Biomedical Engineering celebrates the interdisciplinary nature of the field. In order to navigate the wide range of biomedical engineering research, the Journal is structured in six editorial sections.

Biomaterials, nanomedicine and tissue engineering

Medical technologies, robotics and rehabilitation engineering

Biosensors and bioelectronics

Computational and systems biology

Biomechanics

Biomedical Imaging

We are delighted to welcome our founding Section Editors along with a growing international group of Editorial board Members [ 15 , 16 ]. The Journal is supported by an expert Editorial Advisory group of senior engineers and scientists, which is chaired by Distinguished Professor Sang Yup Lee. Together with the in-house Editor, this group will provide academic leadership and expertise and will work together to transverse into multiple clinical and engineering disciplines. The Editorial Board will keep growing and developing to reflect and adapt to the nature of this diverse community.

Biomaterials, nanomedicine and tissue engineering section

This section primarily focuses on the development of biofunctional tissue substitutes, which possess the highest level of biomimicry, through recapitulation of nature’s innate sophistication and thorough processes. It considers research, methods, clinical trials, leading opinion and review articles on the development, characterisation and application of nano- and micro- biofunctional biomaterials, cell-assembled tissue substitutes, diagnostic tools, microfluidic devices and drug/gene discovery and delivery methods. Manuscripts focusing on permanently differentiated, engineered and stem cell biology and application are welcome. This section will place a substantial focus on clinical translation and technologies that advance the current status-quo. As such, articles that enhance the scalability and robustness of tissue engineering methodologies, or that enable new and improved industrial or clinical applications of biomedical engineering discoveries, tools and technologies are strongly encouraged.

Medical technologies, robotics and rehabilitation engineering section

This section seeks to represent research in engineering that encompasses a wide range of interests across medical specialties, including orthopaedic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, craniofacial, neurological, urologic and other medical technologies. It will consider research on medical robotics, computer assisted technologies, medical devices, e/m-health and other medical instrumentation. It aims to improve the prevention, diagnosis, intervention and treatment of injury or disease and it welcomes articles that represent new approaches to engineering that may be useful in the care of patients. Technical and practical aspects of rehabilitation engineering, from concept to clinic and papers on improving the quality of life of patients with a disability are encouraged. The section also seeks to represent clinically important research that is based on new and emerging technologies. This could include clinical studies of new approaches to robotic-assisted surgery, clinical studies of new devices, or other studies that are close to patient care or rehabilitation.

Biosensors and bioelectronics section

This section considers articles on the theory, design, development and application on all aspects of biosensing and bioelectronics technologies. The section will consider approaches that combine biology and medicine with sensing and circuits and systems technologies on a wide variety of subjects, including lab-on-chips, microfluidic devices, biosensor interfaces, DNA chips and bioinstrumentation. It also considers articles on the development of computational algorithms (such as deep learning, reinforcement learning, etc.) that interpret the acquired signals, hardware acceleration and implementation of the algorithms, brain-inspired or brain-like computational schemes, and bioelectronics technologies that can have a wide impact in the research and clinical community. Articles on implantable and wearable electronics, low-power, wireless and miniaturised imaging systems, organic semiconductors, smart sensors and neuromorphic circuits and systems are strongly encouraged.

Computational and systems biology section

Computational, integrative and systemic approaches are at the heart of biomedical engineering. This section considers papers on all aspects of mathematical, computational, systems and synthetic biology that result in the improvement of patient health. Integrative and multi-scale approaches, in the network and mechanism-based definition of injury and disease, or its prevention, diagnosis and treatment are welcome. Papers on high precision, interactive and personalised medicine, on digital/mobile health, on complex/big data analytics and machine learning, or on systemic and informatics approaches in a healthcare or clinical setting are encouraged.

Biomechanics section

This section represents the interdisciplinary field of biomechanics and investigates the relationship of structure with function in biological systems from the micro- to the macro- world. It considers papers on all aspects of analytical and applied biomechanics at all scales of observation, that improve the diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of patients or that advance their kinetic performance. The topics of interest range from mechanobiology and cell biomechanics to clinical biomechanics, orthopaedic biomechanics and human kinetics. Articles on the mechanics and wear of bones and joints, artificial prostheses, body-device interaction, musculoskeletal modelling biomechanics and solid/fluid computational approaches are strongly encouraged.

Biomedical imaging section

Biomedical imaging has been connecting microscopic discoveries with macroscopic observations for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and has seen considerable advances in recent years. This section will consider articles on all biomedical imaging modalities including medical imaging (MRI, CT, PET, ultrasound, x-ray, EEG/MEG), bio-imaging (microscopy, optical imaging) and neuroimaging across all scales of observation. Its primary focus will be to foster integrative approaches that combine techniques in biology, medicine, mathematics, computation, hardware development and image processing. Articles on new methodologies or on technical perspectives involving novel imaging concepts and reconstruction methods, machine learning, sparse sampling and statistical analysis tool development are encouraged.

The motivation for the launch of BMC Biomedical Engineering is to create an authoritative, unbiased and community-focused open access journal. We are committed to working together with our authors, editors and reviewers to provide an inclusive platform for the publication of high-quality manuscripts that span all aspects of biomedical engineering research. We welcome articles from all over the world and we will devote our efforts to ensure a robust and fair peer-review process for all. We believe in continuous improvement and we encourage the community to get in touch with us to provide ideas and feedback on how to improve the Journal and serve the community better.

We hope you will find the first group of articles an interesting and valuable read, and we look forward to working with you all to disseminate research into the exciting field of biomedical engineering.

Abbreviations

Augmented Reality

Computed Tomography

Electroencephalogram

Magnetoencephalography

Photoacoustic Tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

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Alexandros Houssein

Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

Alan Kawarai Lefor

Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Lisbon, Portugal

Antonio Veloso

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Jong Chul Ye

Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland

Dimitrios I. Zeugolis

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Sang Yup Lee

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AH wrote the introduction, aims and scope and conclusion. AH, AKL, AV, ZY, JCY, DIZ and SYL wrote the editorial sections. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Houssein, A., Lefor, A.K., Veloso, A. et al. BMC Biomedical Engineering: a home for all biomedical engineering research. BMC biomed eng 1 , 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42490-019-0004-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s42490-019-0004-1

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Modeling and simulation for the second wave of COVID-19 in Pakistan

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Construction and adaptation of a robotic equipment for blocking execution in sitting volleyball practices

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Prediction and analysis of Covid-19 using the Deep Learning Models

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Analytical modelling and numerical simulations for microfluidic chip enabling accurate sheathless impedance spectroscopy

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Proposed design of a 1mm catheter-based ultrasound device designed to simultaneously measure plaque composition, artery structure, and hemodynamics in 3D in coronary arteries. The device minimizes disturbances to blood flow from the catheter itself. Assistant Professor Brooks Lindsey is leading a new $2.5 million project to develop the device, which will help doctors assess whether patients need aggressive treatment to prevent a heart attack. (Image Courtesy: Brooks Lindsey)

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Page 1 of 44

Non-invasive parameters of autonomic function using beat-to-beat cardiovascular variations and arterial stiffness in hypertensive individuals: a systematic review

Non-invasive, beat-to-beat variations in physiological indices provide an opportunity for more accessible assessment of autonomic dysfunction. The potential association between the changes in these parameters ...

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Kinematic difference and asymmetries during level walking in adolescent patients with different types of mild scoliosis

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), three-dimensional spine deformation, affects body motion. Previous research had indicated pathological gait patterns of AIS. However, the impact of the curve number on th...

The effectiveness of simple heuristic features in sensor orientation and placement problems in human activity recognition using a single smartphone accelerometer

Human activity Recognition (HAR) using smartphone sensors suffers from two major problems: sensor orientation and placement. Sensor orientation and sensor placement problems refer to the variation in sensor si...

StairNet: visual recognition of stairs for human–robot locomotion

Human–robot walking with prosthetic legs and exoskeletons, especially over complex terrains, such as stairs, remains a significant challenge. Egocentric vision has the unique potential to detect the walking en...

Feasibility of using a depth camera or pressure mat for visual feedback balance training with functional electrical stimulation

Individuals with incomplete spinal-cord injury/disease are at an increased risk of falling due to their impaired ability to maintain balance. Our research group has developed a closed-loop visual-feedback bala...

Screening ovarian cancer by using risk factors: machine learning assists

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy that poses a significant public health challenge. The lack of preventive strategies for OC increases morbidity, mortality, and other negative conseq...

Deep neural networks for wearable sensor-based activity recognition in Parkinson’s disease: investigating generalizability and model complexity

The research gap addressed in this study is the applicability of deep neural network (NN) models on wearable sensor data to recognize different activities performed by patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PwPD) ...

Abnormal interlimb coordination of motor developmental delay during infant crawling based on kinematic synergy analysis

Previous studies have reported that abnormal interlimb coordination is a typical characteristic of motor developmental delay (MDD) during human movement, which can be visually manifested as abnormal motor post...

Detecting bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using automatic acoustic analysis

Automatic speech assessments have the potential to dramatically improve ALS clinical practice and facilitate patient stratification for ALS clinical trials. Acoustic speech analysis has demonstrated the abilit...

Advantages of transformer and its application for medical image segmentation: a survey

Convolution operator-based neural networks have shown great success in medical image segmentation over the past decade. The U-shaped network with a codec structure is one of the most widely used models. Transf...

Beyond timing and step counting in 360° turning-in-place assessment: a scoping review

Turning in place is a challenging motor task and is used as a brief assessment test of lower limb function and dynamic balance. This review aims to examine how research of instrumented analysis of turning in p...

Protocol for metadata and image collection at diabetic foot ulcer clinics: enabling research in wound analytics and deep learning

The escalating impact of diabetes and its complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), presents global challenges in quality of life, economics, and resources, affecting around half a billion people. ...

Joint angle estimation during shoulder abduction exercise using contactless technology

Tele-rehabilitation, also known as tele-rehab, uses communication technologies to provide rehabilitation services from a distance. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of tele-rehab, where the ...

A dry polymer nanocomposite transcutaneous electrode for functional electrical stimulation

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can be used in rehabilitation to aid or improve function in people with paralysis. In clinical settings, it is common practice to use transcutaneous electrodes to apply ...

Left main coronary artery morphological phenotypes and its hemodynamic properties

Atherosclerosis may be linked to morphological defects that lead to variances in coronary artery hemodynamics. Few objective strategies exit at present for generalizing morphological phenotypes of coronary art...

Multimodal diagnosis model of Alzheimer’s disease based on improved Transformer

Recent technological advancements in data acquisition tools allowed neuroscientists to acquire different modality data to diagnosis Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how to fuse these enormous amount differen...

Pulse wave-based evaluation of the blood-supply capability of patients with heart failure via machine learning

Pulse wave, as a message carrier in the cardiovascular system (CVS), enables inferring CVS conditions while diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Heart failure (HF) is a major CVD, typically requiring exp...

Effects of workload and saddle height on muscle activation of the lower limb during cycling

Cycling workload is an essential factor in practical cycling training. Saddle height is the most studied topic in bike fitting, but the results are controversial. This study aims to investigate the effects of ...

A neural network with a human learning paradigm for breast fibroadenoma segmentation in sonography

Breast fibroadenoma poses a significant health concern, particularly for young women. Computer-aided diagnosis has emerged as an effective and efficient method for the early and accurate detection of various s...

Unsupervised corneal contour extraction algorithm with shared model for dynamic deformation videos: improving accuracy and noise resistance

In this study, an automatic corneal contour extraction algorithm with a shared model is developed to extract contours from dynamic corneal videos containing noise, which improves the accuracy of corneal biomec...

Bioelectricity in dental medicine: a narrative review

Bioelectric signals, whether exogenous or endogenous, play crucial roles in the life processes of organisms. Recently, the significance of bioelectricity in the field of dentistry is steadily gaining greater a...

biomedical engineering research paper topics

Effect of test duration and sensor location on the reliability of standing balance parameters derived using body-mounted accelerometers

Balance parameters derived from wearable sensor measurements during postural sway have been shown to be sensitive to experimental variables such as test duration, sensor number, and sensor location that influe...

Cycling using functional electrical stimulation therapy to improve motor function and activity in post-stroke individuals in early subacute phase: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Stroke necessitates interventions to rehabilitate individuals with disabilities, and the application of functional electrical stimulation therapy (FEST) has demonstrated potential in this regard. This study ai...

A weakly supervised deep learning model integrating noncontrasted computed tomography images and clinical factors facilitates haemorrhagic transformation prediction after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke patients

Haemorrhage transformation (HT) is a serious complication of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Accurate and timely prediction of the risk of HT before IVT may change the treatment...

RAGE plays key role in diabetic retinopathy: a review

RAGE is a multiligand receptor for the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules and is expressed in Müller cells, vascular endothelial cells, nerve cells and RPE cells of the retina. Diabetic retin...

Assessment of the functional severity of coronary lesions from optical coherence tomography based on ensembled learning

Atherosclerosis is one of the most frequent cardiovascular diseases. The dilemma faced by physicians is whether to treat or postpone the revascularization of lesions that fall within the intermediate range giv...

Artificial intelligence in glaucoma: opportunities, challenges, and future directions

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown excellent diagnostic performance in detecting various complex problems related to many areas of healthcare including ophthalmology. AI diagnostic systems developed from f...

Radiotranscriptomics of non-small cell lung carcinoma for assessing high-level clinical outcomes using a machine learning-derived multi-modal signature

Multi-omics research has the potential to holistically capture intra-tumor variability, thereby improving therapeutic decisions by incorporating the key principles of precision medicine. The purpose of this st...

Wireless capsule endoscopy multiclass classification using three-dimensional deep convolutional neural network model

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a patient-friendly and non-invasive technology that scans the whole of the gastrointestinal tract, including difficult-to-access regions like the small bowel. Major drawback...

Prediction of non-perfusion volume ratio for uterine fibroids treated with ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound based on MRI radiomics combined with clinical parameters

Prediction of non-perfusion volume ratio (NPVR) is critical in selecting patients with uterine fibroids who will potentially benefit from ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, a...

Comparison of plugin and redundant marker sets to analyze gait kinematics between different populations

Gait model consists of a marker set and a segment pose estimation algorithm. Plugin marker set and inverse kinematic algorithm (IK.) are prevalent in gait analysis, especially musculoskeletal motion analysis. ...

Effects of vibration therapy for post-stroke spasticity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The efficacy of vibration therapy (VT) in people with post-stroke spasticity (PSS) remains uncertain. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of VT in PSS.

Evaluating the ability of a predictive vision-based machine learning model to measure changes in gait in response to medication and DBS within individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are treated with dopaminergic medication or deep-brain stimulation (DBS), although the magnitude of the response is variable between individuals. Computer vision-ba...

Bactericidal effect of low-temperature atmospheric plasma against the Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri ( S. flexneri ) is a common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that mainly causes bacillary dysentery, especially in low socioeconomic countries. This study aimed to apply cold atmospheric plasma (CAP...

Selective peripheral nerve recording using simulated human median nerve activity and convolutional neural networks

It is difficult to create intuitive methods of controlling prosthetic limbs, often resulting in abandonment. Peripheral nerve interfaces can be used to convert motor intent into commands to a prosthesis. The E...

Deep learning-driven multi-view multi-task image quality assessment method for chest CT image

Chest computed tomography (CT) image quality impacts radiologists’ diagnoses. Pre-diagnostic image quality assessment is essential but labor-intensive and may have human limitations (fatigue, perceptual biases...

Development of early prediction model of in-hospital cardiac arrest based on laboratory parameters

In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is an acute disease with a high fatality rate that burdens individuals, society, and the economy. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model using routine labor...

Classification of lung pathologies in neonates using dual-tree complex wavelet transform

Undiagnosed and untreated lung pathologies are among the leading causes of neonatal deaths in developing countries. Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has been widely accepted as a diagnostic tool for neonatal lung patholo...

Diagnostic test accuracy of machine learning algorithms for the detection intracranial hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to objectively evaluate the evidence of machine learning (ML) in the patient diagnosis of Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Integrated particle image velocimetry and fluid–structure interaction analysis for patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm studies

Understanding the hemodynamics of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is crucial for risk assessment and treatment planning. This study introduces a low-cost, patient-specific in vitro AAA model to investigate ...

Multi-classification model incorporating radiomics and clinic-radiological features for predicting invasiveness and differentiation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules

To develop a comprehensive multi-classification model that combines radiomics and clinic-radiological features to accurately predict the invasiveness and differentiation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma nodules.

Comparison of deep learning-based image segmentation methods for intravascular ultrasound on retrospective and large image cohort study

The aim of this study was to investigate the generalization performance of deep learning segmentation models on a large cohort intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image dataset over the lumen and external elastic ...

Spatial mapping of tumor heterogeneity in whole-body PET–CT: a feasibility study

Tumor heterogeneity is recognized as a predictor of treatment response and patient outcome. Quantification of tumor heterogeneity across all scales may therefore provide critical insight that ultimately improv...

Interpretable classification for multivariate gait analysis of cerebral palsy

The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) is a widely used tool for assessing the mobility of people with Cerebral Palsy (CP). It classifies patients into different levels based on their gross mot...

Investigating gait-responsive somatosensory cueing from a wearable device to improve walking in Parkinson’s disease

Freezing-of-gait (FOG) and impaired walking are common features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Provision of external stimuli (cueing) can improve gait, however, many cueing methods are simplistic, increase task ...

Moderate static magnetic field promotes fracture healing and regulates iron metabolism in mice

Fractures are the most common orthopedic diseases. It is known that static magnetic fields (SMFs) can contribute to the maintenance of bone health. However, the effect and mechanism of SMFs on fracture is stil...

A combined encoder–transformer–decoder network for volumetric segmentation of adrenal tumors

The morphology of the adrenal tumor and the clinical statistics of the adrenal tumor area are two crucial diagnostic and differential diagnostic features, indicating precise tumor segmentation is essential. Th...

Differences in intestinal motility during different sleep stages based on long-term bowel sounds

This study focused on changes in intestinal motility during different sleep stages based on long-term bowel sounds.

Deep learning algorithm performance in contouring head and neck organs at risk: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis

The contouring of organs at risk (OARs) in head and neck cancer radiation treatment planning is a crucial, yet repetitive and time-consuming process. Recent studies have applied deep learning (DL) algorithms t...

A computer-aided determining method for the myometrial infiltration depth of early endometrial cancer on MRI images

To classify early endometrial cancer (EC) on sagittal T2-weighted images (T2WI) by determining the depth of myometrial infiltration (MI) using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) method based on a multi-stage dee...

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Ophthalmological instruments of Al-Halabi fill in a gap in the biomedical engineering history

Virus-like particles: revolutionary platforms for developing vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that possess diverse applications in therapeutics, immunization, and diagnostics. With the recent advancements in biomedical engineering technologies, commercially available VLP-based vaccines are being extensively used to combat infectious diseases, whereas many more are in different stages of development in clinical studies. Because of their desired characteristics in terms of efficacy, safety, and diversity, VLP-based approaches might become more recurrent in the years to come. However, some production and fabrication challenges must be addressed before VLP-based approaches can be widely used in therapeutics. This review offers insight into the recent VLP-based vaccines development, with an emphasis on their characteristics, expression systems, and potential applicability as ideal candidates to combat emerging virulent pathogens. Finally, the potential of VLP-based vaccine as viable and efficient immunizing agents to induce immunity against virulent infectious agents, including, SARS-CoV-2 and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines has been elaborated. Thus, VLP vaccines may serve as an effective alternative to conventional vaccine strategies in combating emerging infectious diseases.

Biomedical Engineering Technologies

Biocybernetics and biomedical engineering – current trends and challenges, deep learning models principles applied to biomedical engineering, deep learning models evolution applied to biomedical engineering, ieee transactions on biomedical engineering (t-bme), biomedical engineering and occupational therapy approach in technologies for enhancement human labor and defense abilities, artificial intelligence models applied to biomedical engineering, introduction to cognitive science, cognitive computing, and human cognitive relation to help in the solution of artificial intelligence biomedical engineering problems, export citation format, share document.

Biomedical Research Paper Topics

Academic Writing Service

This page offers students an extensive list of biomedical research paper topics , expert advice on how to choose these topics, and guidance on how to write a compelling biomedical research paper. The guide also introduces the services of iResearchNet, an academic assistance company that caters to the unique needs of each student. Offering expert writers, custom-written works, and a host of other features, iResearchNet provides the tools and support necessary for students to excel in their biomedical research papers.

100 Biomedical Research Paper Topics

Biomedical research is a vibrant field, with an extensive range of topics drawn from various sub-disciplines. It encompasses the study of biological processes, clinical medicine, and even technology and engineering applied to the domain of healthcare. Given the sheer breadth of this field, choosing a specific topic can sometimes be overwhelming. To help you navigate this rich landscape, here is a list of biomedical research paper topics, divided into ten categories, each with ten specific topics.

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1. Genetics and Genomics

  • Role of genetics in rare diseases
  • Advances in gene editing: CRISPR technology
  • Human genome project: findings and implications
  • Genetic basis of cancer
  • Personalized medicine through genomics
  • Epigenetic modifications and disease progression
  • Genomic data privacy and ethical implications
  • Role of genetics in mental health disorders
  • Prenatal genetic screening and ethical considerations
  • Gene therapy in rare genetic disorders

2. Bioengineering and Biotechnology

  • Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine
  • Bioprinting of organs: possibilities and challenges
  • Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery
  • Biosensors in disease diagnosis
  • Bioinformatics in drug discovery
  • Development and application of biomaterials
  • Bioremediation and environmental cleanup
  • Biotechnology in agriculture and food production
  • Therapeutic applications of stem cells
  • Role of biotechnology in pandemic preparedness

3. Neuroscience and Neurology

  • Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease
  • Advances in Parkinson’s disease research
  • Role of neuroimaging in mental health diagnosis
  • Understanding the brain-gut axis
  • Neurobiology of addiction
  • Role of neuroplasticity in recovery from brain injury
  • Sleep disorders and cognitive function
  • Brain-computer interfaces: possibilities and ethical issues
  • Neural correlates of consciousness
  • Epigenetic influence on neurodevelopmental disorders

4. Immunology

  • Immune response to COVID-19
  • Role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment
  • Autoimmune diseases: causes and treatments
  • Vaccination and herd immunity
  • The hygiene hypothesis and rising allergy prevalence
  • Role of gut microbiota in immune function
  • Immunosenescence and age-related diseases
  • Role of inflammation in chronic diseases
  • Advances in HIV/AIDS research
  • Immunology of transplantation

5. Cardiovascular Research

  • Advances in understanding and treating heart failure
  • Role of lifestyle factors in cardiovascular disease
  • Cardiovascular disease in women
  • Hypertension: causes and treatments
  • Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
  • Role of inflammation in heart disease
  • Novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease
  • Personalized medicine in cardiology
  • Advances in cardiac surgery
  • Pediatric cardiovascular diseases

6. Infectious Diseases

  • Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
  • Role of antiviral drugs in managing viral diseases
  • Antibiotic resistance: causes and solutions
  • Zoonotic diseases and public health
  • Role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases
  • Infectious diseases in immunocompromised individuals
  • Role of genomic sequencing in tracking disease outbreaks
  • HIV/AIDS: prevention and treatment
  • Advances in malaria research
  • Tuberculosis: challenges in prevention and treatment

7. Aging Research

  • Biological mechanisms of aging
  • Impact of lifestyle on healthy aging
  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Role of genetics in longevity
  • Aging and cognitive decline
  • Social aspects of aging
  • Advances in geriatric medicine
  • Aging and the immune system
  • Role of physical activity in aging
  • Aging and mental health

8. Endocrinology

  • Advances in diabetes research
  • Obesity: causes and health implications
  • Thyroid disorders: causes and treatments
  • Role of hormones in mental health
  • Endocrine disruptors and human health
  • Role of insulin in metabolic syndrome
  • Advances in treatment of endocrine disorders
  • Hormones and cardiovascular health
  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Role of endocrinology in aging

9. Mental Health Research

  • Advances in understanding and treating depression
  • Impact of stress on mental health
  • Advances in understanding and treating schizophrenia
  • Child and adolescent mental health
  • Mental health in the elderly
  • Impact of social media on mental health
  • Suicide prevention and mental health services
  • Role of psychotherapy in mental health
  • Mental health disparities

10. Oncology

  • Advances in cancer immunotherapy
  • Role of genomics in cancer diagnosis and treatment
  • Lifestyle factors and cancer risk
  • Early detection and prevention of cancer
  • Advances in targeted cancer therapies
  • Role of radiation therapy in cancer treatment
  • Cancer disparities and social determinants of health
  • Pediatric oncology: challenges and advances
  • Role of stem cells in cancer
  • Cancer survivorship and quality of life

These biomedical research paper topics represent a wide array of studies within the field of biomedical research, providing a robust platform to delve into the intricacies of human health and disease. Each topic offers a unique opportunity to explore the remarkable advancements in biomedical research, contributing to the ongoing quest to enhance human health and wellbeing.

Choosing Biomedical Research Paper Topics

The selection of a suitable topic for your biomedical research paper is a critical initial step that will largely influence the course of your study. The right topic will not only engage your interest but will also be robust enough to contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Here are ten tips to guide you in choosing the best topic for your biomedical research paper.

  • Relevance to Your Coursework and Interests: Your topic should align with the courses you have taken or are currently enrolled in. Moreover, a topic that piques your interest will motivate you to delve deeper into research, resulting in a richer, more nuanced paper.
  • Feasibility: Consider the practicality of your proposed research. Do you have access to the necessary resources, including the literature, laboratories, or databases needed for your study? Ensure that your topic is one that you can manage given your resources and time constraints.
  • Novelty and Originality: While it is essential to ensure your topic aligns with your coursework and is feasible, strive to select a topic that brings a new perspective or fresh insight to your field. Originality enhances the contribution of your research to the broader academic community.
  • Scope: A well-defined topic helps maintain a clear focus during your research. Avoid choosing a topic too broad that it becomes unmanageable, or so narrow that it lacks depth. Balancing the scope of your research is key to a successful paper.
  • Future Career Goals: Consider how your chosen topic could align with or benefit your future career goals. A topic related to your future interests can provide an early start to your career, showcasing your knowledge in that particular field.
  • Available Supervision and Mentoring: If you’re in a setting where you have a mentor or supervisor, choose a topic that fits within their area of expertise. This choice will ensure you have the best possible guidance during your research process.
  • Ethical Considerations: Some topics may involve ethical considerations, particularly those involving human subjects, animals, or sensitive data. Make sure your topic is ethically sound and you’re prepared to address any related ethical considerations.
  • Potential Impact: Consider the potential impact of your research on the field of biomedical science. The best research often addresses a gap in the current knowledge or has the potential to bring about change in healthcare practices or policies.
  • Literature Gap: Literature review can help identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge. Choosing a topic that fills in these gaps can make your research more valuable and unique.
  • Flexibility: While it’s essential to start with a clear topic, remain open to slight shifts or changes as your research unfolds. Your research might reveal a different angle or a more exciting question within your chosen field, so stay flexible.

Remember, choosing a topic should be an iterative process, and your initial ideas will likely evolve as you conduct a preliminary literature review and discuss your thoughts with your mentors or peers. The ultimate goal is to choose a topic that you are passionate about, as this passion will drive your work and make the research process more enjoyable and fulfilling.

How to Write a Biomedical Research Paper

Writing a biomedical research paper can be a daunting task. However, with careful planning and strategic execution, the process can be more manageable and rewarding. Below are ten tips to help guide you through the process of writing a biomedical research paper.

  • Understand Your Assignment: Before you begin your research or writing, make sure you understand the requirements of your assignment. Know the expected length, due date, formatting style, and any specific sections or components you need to include.
  • Thorough Literature Review: A comprehensive literature review allows you to understand the current knowledge in your research area and identify gaps where your research can contribute. It will help you shape your research question and place your work in context.
  • Clearly Define Your Research Question: A well-defined research question guides your research and keeps your writing focused. It should be clear, specific, and concise, serving as the backbone of your study.
  • Prepare a Detailed Outline: An outline helps organize your thoughts and create a roadmap for your paper. It should include all the sections of your research paper, such as the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion.
  • Follow the IMRaD Structure: Most biomedical research papers follow the IMRaD format—Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This structure facilitates the orderly and logical presentation of your research.
  • Use Clear and Concise Language: Biomedical research papers should be written in a clear and concise manner to ensure the reader understands the research’s purpose, methods, and findings. Avoid unnecessary jargon and ensure that complex ideas are explained clearly.
  • Proper Citation and Reference: Always properly cite the sources of information you use in your paper. This not only provides credit where it’s due but also allows your readers to follow your line of research. Be sure to follow the citation style specified in your assignment.
  • Discuss the Implications: In your discussion, go beyond simply restating your findings. Discuss the implications of your results, how they relate to previous research, and how they contribute to the existing knowledge in the field.
  • Proofread and Edit: Never underestimate the importance of proofreading and editing. Checking for grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, and clarity of language can enhance the readability of your paper.
  • Seek Feedback Before Final Submission: Before submitting your paper, seek feedback from peers, mentors, or supervisors. Fresh eyes can often spot unclear sections or errors that you may have missed.

Writing a biomedical research paper is a significant academic endeavor, but remember that every researcher started where you are right now. It’s a process that requires time, effort, and patience. Remember, the ultimate goal is not just to get a good grade but also to contribute to the vast body of biomedical knowledge.

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  • Expert Degree-Holding Writers: iResearchNet takes pride in our team of knowledgeable and experienced writers who hold advanced degrees in diverse fields. These writers are not only academic experts but are also keenly in tune with the complex landscape of biomedical research. This breadth and depth of expertise ensure that your paper benefits from a thorough understanding of the topic, resulting in a well-informed, academically credible document.
  • Custom Written Works: We appreciate the unique academic goals and distinct requirements of each student. That’s why iResearchNet specializes in providing custom-written papers. Our aim is to capture your individual academic voice and perspective, blending it with our professional acumen to create a paper that reflects your specific academic needs and aspirations.
  • In-Depth Research: Every paper that we produce is founded on the bedrock of extensive and in-depth research. Our writers are committed to exploring a wide range of credible and reputable sources to enrich your paper with diverse viewpoints and comprehensive information. This dedication to rigorous research ensures that your paper is not only thoroughly informed but also accurately referenced, adding to its academic integrity.
  • Custom Formatting: Academic institutions often require different formatting styles. Be it APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard, our writers are adept at all these academic formatting styles. We strive to adhere strictly to your specified formatting style, contributing to the polished and professional presentation of your paper.
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  • Published: 25 September 2021

Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and PPE during the first wave of COVID-19

  • Alessia Maccaro 1 , 2   na1 ,
  • Davide Piaggio   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-9360 1   na1 ,
  • Concetta Anna Dodaro 3 &
  • Leandro Pecchia 1 , 4 , 5  

BMC Medical Ethics volume  22 , Article number:  130 ( 2021 ) Cite this article

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In March 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that humanity was entering a global pandemic phase. This unforeseen situation caught everyone unprepared and had a major impact on several professional categories that found themselves facing important ethical dilemmas. The article revolves around the category of biomedical and clinical engineers, which were among those most involved in dealing with and finding solutions to the pandemic. In hindsight, the major issues brought to the attention of biomedical engineers have raised important ethical implications, such as the allocation of resources, the responsibilities of science and the inadequacy and non-universality of the norms and regulations on biomedical devices and personal protective equipment. These issues, analyzed one year after the first wave of the pandemic, come together in the appeal for responsibility for thought, action and, sometimes, even silence. This highlights the importance of interdisciplinarity and the definitive collapse of the Cartesian fragmentation of knowledge, calling for the creation of more fora, where this kind of discussions can be promoted.

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Since early 2020, the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged all the fields of knowledge, increasing the need for their interconnection. Medicine, science, politics, and more specialized sectors such as biomedical engineering (BME), faced crucial ethical issues, which can no longer be underestimated.

Biomedical engineers design medical devices, raising many ethical dilemmas in ordinary times, which become compelling during such a crisis. The authors of this manuscript had the privilege of different points of view thanks to the President of the European Society of BME (i.e., EAMBES) and Secretary General of the global society of BME and medical physics (IUPESM).

Three pivotal themes emerged in the global BME community:

The dilemma of identifying criteria for the allocation of medical devices

Responsibilities of science and technology

Inadequacy of regulations and norms, which lack universality

This manuscript does not follow the traditional structure of scientific papers (e.g., methods, results etc.), rather it is a critical analysis, revolving around the 3 above-mentioned pillars. The first pillar focuses on the surfacing of ethical dilemmas in times of pandemic (e.g., scarce resource allocation), delving into examples from Italy, where the new decision-making criteria often clashed against the existing constitutional and moral principles during the first wave.

The second pillar retrospectively reports how the medical device sector was affected by the current pandemic, touching on hazardous amatorial attempts of the general public to face the scarcity of resources and the urgent needs, and on the crisis-related challenges that surfaced for manufacturers, exacerbated by the lack of dialogue with decision-makers. In the same pillar, the theoretical debate among science and politics is addressed, referring the case of the “intended use” of a medical device, from two different philosophical perspectives, i.e., substantialism and utilitarianism. The former underlines the fundamentality of substances as ontological categories [ 1 ], suggesting that the intended use of a medical device should always be respected. The latter stresses the importance of maximizing the overall good, authorizing different uses, depending on the relativistic utility or, in exceptional times of crisis, on the emergency.

This invites the reader to a subsequent reflection on the inadequacy of the existing regulations on medical devices, in the third pillar. In respect to this, the manuscript proposes to offer a hermeneutic perspective close to the situational ethics that authorizes negotiations and mediations between the generality of principles and norms, and the specificity of the context.

Overall, the ethical considerations made in this manuscript, should be considered a valuable lesson for the future of crisis management. If and only if ethics and bioethics will be considered as effective support for science and scientists (doctors, biomedical engineers, etc.), the Cartesian separation of knowledge [ 2 ] could be overcome, establishing an interdisciplinary dialogue that involves peoples and emphasizes the public relevance of such issues.

In this way, such dilemmas could be anticipated by establishing a framework that could provide guidance and appropriate methodology to address arising urgent issues, without having to resort to specialists for questions that concern everyone and need a multidisciplinary approach.

Allocation of medical devices: clinical and ethical principles

Due to limited resources, decision-makers have had to compromise among all the potential useful interventions. Also in the past 10 years, the most public National health systems were massively privatized, resulting in a significant reduction of prevention services and a great reduction of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds. The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 resulted in an unprecedented need of sub-intensive and ICU beds, which overcame the capacity of the most advanced national healthcare services. Within a few weeks, the available resources (i.e., medical devices, doctors, nurses) proved to be insufficient to cover the care needs of the multitude of COVID-19 patients, beyond the ordinary needs of other patients. Consequently, doctors and healthcare structures ended up pondering and making difficult ethical choices in a short time and identifying priority principles that could guide them.

National [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and international [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] ethics committees, scientific societies [ 10 , 11 ], and experts [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] soon expressed their opinion on the matter [ 16 ], identifying requirements that respect human dignity and fundamental ethical principles, enshrined in the Charters of both National and International Rights [ 17 ].

The case of Italy, the first country significantly affected outside China, is emblematic. According to the Italian Constitution, health is a "fundamental right of the individual" and a "collective interest" (article 32). In addition, article 2 recognizes the personalist principle and the duty of solidarity, and article 3 establishes the principle of equality. Accordingly, the law founding the Italian National Health Services (NHS) (n. 883/1978) prescribes that care must be ensured according to the principles of universality, equality and fairness.

Leveraging on these fundamental principles, the Italian National Bioethics Committee [ 18 ] remarked the need to allocate medical devices and other resources based only on a clinical criterion, and without considering criteria such as age, gender, social attributes, ethnicity, disability and costs, in compliance with the principles of "justice, equity, solidarity". The envisaged method was that of "triage in a pandemic emergency", based on what the World Health Organization defines as "preparedness" (WHO) as a premise, and on two key concepts, i.e., "clinical appropriateness" and "actuality", identified by the healthcare professional on the basis of clinical criteria [ 19 ].

This point of view, which values the person and opposes attempts of objectification in a series of “pre-established criteria” (except for the point of view of the clinician), is well expressed by J. Habermas. In an interview with the newspaper Le Monde, Habermas underlined the inadequacy, in moral terms, of an “objective quantification” of patients and insisted on the essential issue of the “recognition” of the individual: “when addressing a second person (you, you), the other person's self-determination must either be respected or denied, that is, either accepted or ignored” [ 20 ].

On the other hand, the Italian society of anesthesiology (SIAARTI) introduced the identification of an age limit for accessing intensive care in case of necessity [ 21 ]. SIAARTI’s document explained that COVID-19 created a scenario, in which criteria for accessing ICU may be needed beyond the clinical appropriateness and proportionality of care, but also in distributive justice and the appropriate allocation of limited healthcare resources, which means privileging those with the "greatest life expectancy" [ 22 ]. Even if the choice of whom to admit to treatment is a terrible reality, it must be discussed by ethicists and bioethicists to further identify solutions that support medical doctors in taking these decisions. “This is not to deny their clinical authority and responsibility, but rather to urge a commitment to give such question public relevance" so that in the future the "public health perspective" [ 23 ] to follow is clear from the beginning.

Responsible thinking, responsible actions, responsible silence

COVID-19 created a global lack of essential medical devices (e.g., pulmonary ventilators) and personal protective equipment (PPE, such as masks, respirators) [ 24 ]. This led to an unprecedented amount of do-it-yourself (DIY) solutions, which were fomented on media worldwide. Consequently, ordinary individuals started producing PPE at home with 3D printers and everyday materials, and manufacturers converted their production facilities to develop medical devices and PPE.

Unfortunately, although very admirable, this approach is not feasible in critical sectors such as medical devices or PPE, which require postgraduate education, years of experience and deep knowledge of relevant international standards and norms, in order to ensure appropriate levels of safety, efficacy and resilience. Thus, only 7 manufacturers in the world are producing pulmonary ventilators. In fact, during a pandemic, we do not only need to ensure the usual standard of quality, but we should also consider making those devices more resilient, because, if hospitals fail, we will need to safely operationalize these devices in field hospitals, tent-like structures, and any other relevant setting. Therefore, experience, safe-by-design approaches, and the knowledge of additional standards (e.g., military standards) become relevant too.

Minimal scientific evidence exists on how harmful this DIY wave has been, but few facts can be clearly reported referencing major newspapers. In mid-March 2020, manufacturers were called upon to help to tackle medical devices and PPE crisis. Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Many responded, certainly moved by the noblest principle and willingness to help. Unfortunately, learning to manufacture complicated and highly regulated pulmonary ventilators cannot be done in a few weeks. By mid-April 2020, new productions of ventilators were stopped in Spain, Footnote 3 UK suspended orders of BlueSky ventilators Footnote 4 and France followed. Footnote 5 Once again, a virtuous example came from Italy, where the only Italian manufacturer of ventilators (i.e., Siare Engineering International Group l.t.d.) was supported by the Italian Government, which offered 25 highly specialized army engineers, by the former FIAT (now FCA), who supported producing electro-mechanic components, in addition to Ferrari providing electronic components. With this collaborative effort, Siare increased the production of top-of-the-range ventilators from 160 to 500 units per month, respecting the highest quality standards. In conclusion, the rise of useless and potentially harmful DIY approaches to PPE and medical devices could have been easily avoided at the start of the pandemic by decision-makers initially consulting with domain experts, such as biomedical and clinical engineers.

In this regard, the belief that disciplinary competence is to be sectorized and not interconnected, very often, leads to a further separation of knowledge that is detrimental to people. In fact, it could be good practice that politicians had a solid scientific background in order to legislate about scientific matters, above all if they involve public health. On the other hand, scientists should "grovel in the dirt of the city of Romulus" [ 25 ] keeping their related studies as tangible and accessible as possible, and acquire a more solid political culture and a growing awareness of their social role. After all, the relationship between science, policy-making and politics has been controversial since the dawns of civilization: people like Aristarchus of Samos (i.e., one of the fathers of an early Heliocentrism), censored by sectaries such as Cleanthes (i.e., the prince of stoics at that age), or like Socrates, accused, “censored”, and sentenced to death for being “unorthodox” by one of the most open and democratic societies of the times, the Polis of Athens [ 26 ], or like Galileus, who was condemned for radically opposing to the Sacred Scriptures- and Church-approved Geocentric model, are just a few stark examples. Although much progress has been made since then, there is still an ongoing debate among a Weberian distinction between science and politics and a Habermasian and Marcusean dichotomy between the technocratic and decisionist models of scientific advice to politics. Nonetheless, it is evident that we are transitioning towards ever more present democratization of science, and not without associated risks. In fact, how can this be achieved without compromising the epistemic quality of knowledge [ 27 ]?

In particular, the COVID-19-related debate, involving politicians, scientists (especially biomedical engineers) and ethics experts, is based on two distinct currents of thought, referring to two different philosophical matrices, i.e., utilitarianism and substantialism . In fact, some people believe that any kind of emergency-ready response that can make up for the shortage of PPE and medical devices is “better than nothing”, even at the expense of the safety and efficiency normally guaranteed by the standards. This way of thinking is in line with Utilitarianism’s conception of maximizing happiness and overall gains for all the affected individuals. However, the “better than nothing approach” is dubious and is a well-known logical fallacy, that of the relative privation [ 28 ]. This kind of fallacious way of reasoning also justifies the misuse of something that does meet the standards but was intended for completely different purposes. In fact, the intended purpose is key, at least in the world of medical devices, and it is what safeguards the manufacturers in case their products fail if they are used “off label”. In this case, the liability falls with the individual who misused the product in the first place [ 29 ]. This concept is well portrayed by what happened in Harrow, Footnote 6 , Footnote 7 where some nurses, after denouncing their precarious working conditions and the lack of PPE in the fight against COVID-19, had started using bin bags as a replacement of the unavailable PPE. In this case, the beneficial objective was given priority and the collective benefit was maximised. However, also the risk to the wearer had rapidly increased to the extent that it was not possible to predict its consequences (even negative).

Conversely, other people believe that the intended purpose of an object should be respected, in line with Substantialism’s theories, which attribute absolute value to an idea. According to this perspective, for example, a bin bag would be designed, tested and marketed to contain rubbish, not to protect healthcare workers from diseases (in this case the design principles and the tests will be different and stricter). Thus, these people tend towards a minimisation of the risk, but, at the same time, their precautional approach hinders the possible benefit underlying the other “less safe” alternatives. In this regard, it is necessary to recall the philosophy of Hans Jonas who, faced with an indeterminate and potential risk, the consequences of which cannot be estimated, introduced the imperative of responsibility in defence of future generations and based on the precautionary principle. His "heuristics of fear" implies foresight and ability to predict and adequately assess the consequences of collective activities in contemporary societies. Such principle implies to “act so that the effects of your action are compatible with the permanence of genuine life” and, in our present choices, to “include the future wholeness of Man among the objects of your (our) will” [ 30 ].

Consequently, this responsibility goes beyond the personal one of engineers, as it also includes the responsibility they partially assume if and when they do not limit reckless or inadequately considered actions, guided by the above-mentioned utilitarian approach. In fact, the compliance with international standards and the consequent CE marking does not only guarantee the quality, safety, efficiency, and efficacy of a product, but also the protection of manufacturers and users. In fact, as afore-mentioned from a general point of view, those to be blamed for the possible failure of bin bags used as PPE for the prevention of COVID-19 and the consequent infection and potential death of the healthcare workers using them are not the manufacturers of such items, but whomever decided to use this amateur substitution to other certified means of protection, and, to a certain extent, the biomedical engineers who did not respect their duty to identify the limits regarding the unintended uses.

Overall, two theoretical orientations are at the basis of these dichotomous approaches. However, in order to better frame them, it is necessary to analyse them in view of the extraordinary condition of necessity begotten by the pandemic. The dilemma revolves around the "intended use", or rather the purpose for which something (e.g., PPE or medical devices) was originally designed for: on the one hand there are those who assert that, in conditions of necessity, the contingent purpose, i.e., the social functionality that overcomes the intended use, ought to be preferred despite being “off label”. In fact, they firmly believe that it is preferable to maximize the current benefit while assuming an undefined risk. Although it is not easy to relate this trend to a specific current of thought, it certainly shares some points in common with utilitarianism, starting from the Benthamian one [ 31 ], if not with pragmatism (e.g., Dewey [ 32 ]).

On the other hand, the position of those who consider the “intended use” or rather the intrinsic purpose for which the product was manufactured tested and marketed, a priority, would seem evocative of Aristotelian substantialism or eschatology. In this case, the risks are limited by compliance with the law and the relevant standards, which also guarantee the achievement of the benefits. The refusal of this immediately relieves the manufacturer and the regulator from any responsibility related to the misuse of the object, leaving every possible and unforeseeable risk to the individual.

Here lies the crux of the problem. Using what is available and certified, albeit designed for a different “intended use”, seems more “reasonable” than not protecting oneself to everyone. However, we cannot refrain from asking ourselves the following questions: what is the limit within which it is possible to say, “better than nothing”? To what extent can science and policymakers put people's lives at risk in order to have a prompt, but probably unsafe answer in the wake of the "better than nothing" principle?

Regulatory frameworks and standards should be reviewed in this regard.

Beyond the DIY solutions, low-quality outputs have been affecting scientific production too. In fact, the high demand for information caused an acceleration in reporting scientific results, with many journals being overwhelmed with unprecedented numbers of papers, which challenged the capability of editors and reviewers to scrutinise articles.

The unprecedented high number of retracted papers can be a proxy for the high number of low-quality research on COVID-19. For this reason, a rapid search for papers regarding COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, and the previous epidemic/pandemics (i.e., SARS, MERS, Swine Flu) as a comparison, was performed both on OvidSP and the Retraction Watch Database. As regards COVID-19 publications, there were 124 retracted papers out of 264,530, i.e., 4.68 per 10,000 papers (compared to 1.16 per 10,000 papers concerning the previous pandemics/epidemics). Although this proxy is to be taken with a grain of salt, it should be a wake-up call for further investigations. Similar levels of confusion could be observed also among scientists and experts invited by media to interpret available scientific evidence and technical guidance.

The above-mentioned issues contributed to beget and feed an infodemic , defined by the United Nation as “an over-abundance of information—some accurate and some not—that makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it” [ 33 ], which is inducing an unprecedented need for responsible silence too.

Inadequacy of regulatory frameworks and norms

The pandemic creates a generalized condition of resource limited settings (RLSs), i.e., environments lacking means, specific knowledge, specialized personnel, medical devices and drugs within inappropriate medical locations. While this condition was already familiar to low- and middle-income countries, COVID-19 has overwhelmingly created RLS conditions in high-income countries, such as Europe, the USA and Japan, for the first time since World War II. This demonstrates how regulatory frameworks for medical devices and PPE are inadequate to RLS conditions. In fact, these regulations usually take into consideration standards that are too stringent and generic, proving impossible to fulfil in RLSs and, in times of the pandemic, difficult to adhere to universally. For example, the numerous tests and verifications required to assess the conformity of market respiratory protective equipment or eye protection equipment for healthcare purposes wasted time. One reason for this is that these standards are influenced by big manufacturers interested in having the largest market share. As a result, commercial standards for PPEs require testing in conditions that are not relevant for hospital workers (e.g., high temperature typical of heavy metals industry). Hence, international standards and norms followed the principle of generalism, losing universality and creating unnecessary burdens for small manufacturers [ 34 ]. In this regard, the WHO has published, for the first time, technical guidance on PPE specifically relevant for healthcare settings [ 35 , 36 ]. Differently to ISO standards for masks and respirators, the WHO guidance focuses on essential parameters, such as filtering capability, fit and breathability for masks.

Recalling the two aforementioned ethical perspectives, considering existing medical device regulation too generic to be universal, does not mean adhering to the utilitarian-pragmatic current tout court. There may be a contextualised response, regulated on the basis of tests, complying with flexible standards, or rather standards that are purposely designed to take into account different niche conditions. However, the use of any object must be certified and not random, and subject to tests relating to its specific intended use. Only in this way, people and their rights can be safeguarded, and science can prove to think deeply, act consciously and remain silent, when appropriate.

Contextualism is the basis of situational ethics [ 37 ], which seems to be the most adequate response to the specific needs of everyone and be able to face emergencies. In fact, it starts from the particular situation and tries to find universalizable answers, applying a heuristic and inductive method, progressive negotiations and interdisciplinary exchanges.

Conclusions

One year after the start of the pandemic, the need for ethic guidance is still tangible in everyday circumstances and essential during crisis or in RLSs. Respecting fundamental ethical principles while negotiating among different criteria (hospitalization demands vs available ICUs, generalism vs particularism, action vs responsible-action) requires clear guidance, deep knowledge, and peer-to-peer discussion among experts of different disciplines. The need for extreme specialization should never result in the fragmentation of knowledge.

Exactly a century, i.e., the Short Twentieth Century , separates COVID-19 from the last pandemic, the so-called "Spanish Flu", which flagellated Europe in 1918–1919. According to Hobsbawm, “ no period in history has been more penetrated by and more dependent on the natural sciences ” and “ yet no period, since Galileo's recantation, has been less at ease with it ”. This chasm between scientists and the general public is still open and, in some cases, fomented by populisms, which leverage on people's fears evoking war atmospheres, which have nothing to do with the catastrophic failure of many national healthcare systems’ response to this crisis. After a century, the dependence of medicine on biomedical science and engineering is evident, while their contribution to the definition of effective policies and norms is still negligible. Finally, the Cartesian fragmentation of knowledge, or rather “thinking in silos”, has persisted across the last century, calling for the creation of more fora where multidisciplinary discussions can be promoted. Three main needs emerged clearly: the need for responsible thinking, the need for responsible action and the need for responsible silence, when required and appropriate [ 38 ].

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

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Abbreviations

World Health Organization

Biomedical Engineering

European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering & Science

International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine

Intensive Care Unit

Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva

National Health Service

Personal Protective Equipment

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Maccaro A, Piaggio D, Pagliara S, Pecchia L. The role of ethics in science: a systematic literature review from the first wave of COVID-19. Health Technol. 2021;3:1–9.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Hardip Boparai (PhD student at the University of Warwick, UK) and Katy Stokes (PhD student at the University of Warwick, UK) for proofreading this manuscript and for their valuable suggestions.

DP and LP received support from the University of Warwick with two Warwick Impact Found Grants supported by the EPSRC Impact Accelerator Award (EP/K503848/1 and EP/R511808/1). AM’s Fellowship is supported by the WIRL COFUND – Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions, Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick (UK). DP, LP, and AM also received support from Health Global Research Priorities of the University of Warwick. By supporting the researchers, the funders indirectly supported all the parts of this study.

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Alessia Maccaro and Davide Piaggio contributed equally to this work.

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School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK

Alessia Maccaro, Davide Piaggio & Leandro Pecchia

Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK

Alessia Maccaro

Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Concetta Anna Dodaro

European Alliance of Medical and Biological Engineering and Science (EAMBES), Leuven, Belgium

Leandro Pecchia

IUPESM, York, UK

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Conceptualization (AM and LP), data curation (AM, DP), Funding acquisition (LP), investigation (AM, DP, CAD), Project administration (LP), Supervision (LP, CAD), Writing original draft (AM, DP), Writing review and editing (AM, DP, LP, CAD). All authors reviewed the manuscript and agreed with the final version.

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Correspondence to Davide Piaggio .

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Maccaro, A., Piaggio, D., Dodaro, C.A. et al. Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and PPE during the first wave of COVID-19. BMC Med Ethics 22 , 130 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00697-1

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Published : 25 September 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00697-1

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The off-tumour toxicity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager can be halted by disengaging T cells from the tumour cells via the disassembly of the supramolecular aggregate through the infusion of the small-molecule drug amantadine.

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Top 10 Bioengineering Trends for the 2020s

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Human organs-on-chips are used to develop personalized medicine. Photo: Wyss Institute

Date Published:

Jan 29, 2020

Mark Crawford

This story was updated on 10/14/2022.

Biomedical engineering is a rapidly evolving, cross-disciplinary field that involves medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, and computer science. Bioengineers are at the forefront of scientific discovery, creating innovative medical devices, vaccines, disease management products, robots, and algorithms that improve human health around the world.

Below are ten of the hottest bioengineering R&D trends happening this decade.

1. Tissue Engineering

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The cells are printed in thin layers that accumulate into living tissue or body parts that can be implanted. Researchers at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine have used a special 3D printer to create tissues that thrive when implanted in rodents.

2. Transdermal Patches

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For example, scientists at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have created a transdermal patch filled with drugs that help fight obesity. Instead of being taken orally or through injection, these compounds are released through hundreds of biodegradable microneedles in the patch that barely penetrate the skin. As the needles dissolve, the drugs are slowly released into the body.

3. Wearable Devices

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Find Out More in the Infographic: What Is Bioengineering?

Smart clothing controls body temperatures by using special polymers and humidity-responsive vents that open when needed. It has been proposed that individualized temperature control through clothing could reduce a building’s heating and cooling costs by up to 15 percent.

4. Robotic Surgeons and Rehabilitation

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Robots are also extremely helpful to people who have suffered strokes or brain injuries when it comes to relearning motor tasks. For example, the Lokomat is a gait training system that uses a robotic exoskeleton and a treadmill to help patients regain basic walking functions. It also allows the therapist to control the walking speed and how much support the robotic legs give to the patient.

5. Nanorobots

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Nanorobot designs include DNA-based structures containing cancer-fighting drugs that bind only with a specific protein found on cancer tumors. After attachment, the robot releases its drug into the tumor.

By delivering the pharmaceutical agents exactly where they are needed, the body is not overloaded with toxicity and the side effects are fewer or less intense, improving the patient experience.

6. Virtual Reality

Virtual reality, or VR, is an especially valuable tool in the medical field because of how it can present the data taken from 3D medical images in incredibly detailed views of a patient’s body, or area of medical concern—for example, the cardiovascular system.

Related Video: How Does a Robotic Cane Work?

The model can be examined from all angles and points of interest in order to determine the best way to perform a procedure. Surgeons can even practice a complex procedure multiple times before performing it.

VR is also a critical teaching tool—medical students, for example, can perform virtual dissections instead of using cadavers.

7. Microbubbles

Researchers continue to look for new ways to selectively deliver drugs to specific target areas, thereby avoiding damage to healthy cells and tissue. One unique approach is microbubbles, which are very tiny, micron-sized particles filled with gas.

“Microbubbles loaded with drugs can be injected into the body, and they will distribute everywhere, but I can then disrupt the microbubbles by an ultrasound beam and the drug will be delivered specifically where the drug is needed,” said Beata Chertok , Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Michigan. Microbubbles can also be treated with a substance that will make them adhere to tumors without the need for ultrasound.

8. Prime Editing

This new gene-editing technique builds on the successes of base editing and CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Prime editing rewrites DNA by only cutting a single strand to add, remove, or replace base pairs. This method allows researchers to edit more types of genetic mutations than existing genome-editing approaches, including CRISPR-Cas9.

Further Reading: CRISPR Tech to Detect Ebola

To date, the method has only been tested with human and mouse cells.

“Potential impacts include being able to directly correct a much larger fraction of the mutations that cause genetic diseases and being able to introduce DNA changes into crops that result in healthier or more sustainable foods,” said David Liu , director of the Merkin Institute for Transformative Technologies in Healthcare at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT.

9. Organ-on-a-Chip

Chip technologies allow the construction of microscale models that simulate human physiology outside of the body. Organs-on-chips are used to study the behavior of tissues and organs in tiny—but fully functional—sample sizes to better understand tissue behavior, disease progression, and pharmaceutical interactions.

For example, inflammation processes can be studied to determine how inflammation is triggered and its value as an early-warning indicator for underlying medical conditions, including autoimmune responses. Other physiological processes studied on chips include thrombosis, mechanical loading on joints, and aging.

10. Mini Bioreactors

Bioreactors are systems that support biologically active organisms and their by-products. Smaller bioreactors are easier to manage and require lesser sample volumes. Advances in microfluidic fabrication capabilities now make it possible to design microscale bioreactors that can incorporate enzymes or other biocatalysts, as well as precision extraction systems, to produce highly pure products.

These systems provide economic high-throughput screening, using only small amounts of reagents, compared to conventional bench-scale reactors. As 3D printing becomes more refined, it should be possible to manufacture miniature bioreactors with more unusual flow paths or specially designed culture chambers.

Future Trends

Miniaturization, material innovations, personalized medicine, and additive manufacturing are key engineering trends that biomedical researchers are eager to incorporate into their designs. These technologies, in fact, open up a vast array of new design options that were not possible using conventional manufacturing methods.

These R&D advances are also happening at an ever-increasing rate—bioengineers must keep pace with disruptive technology and innovations to make the best products and maintain or boost their market share and brand reputation.

Mark Crawford is a technology writer based in Corrales, N.M.

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200+ Best Engineering Research Paper Topics in 2022

Engineering Research Topics

Since the dawn of humanity, there have been  engineering issues   and a need to solve them. Without technological understanding, ancient civilizations would not have been feasible because even then, enormous cities were being constructed with the aid of engineering principles.

This list of research issues aims to familiarise anyone interested in real-world engineering with specific scenarios that occur during practically any sort of professional activity of an engineer and call for ethical problem-level solutions.

You should first define the direction of engineering before beginning your research. You can locate an intriguing research topic in a variety of areas and subtopics. Students interested in history can learn more about engineering anthropology and comprehend this field's numerous phenomena and growth.

Genetic engineering might be a topic for those that enjoy biology. Additionally, any student is free to approach the teacher for suggestions on the most delicate subject matter.

You can choose the topic that will help you find a lot of useful technical information with the assistance of someone with years of experience.

There are many intriguing  engineering research paper   themes available in today's technologically advanced world. However, their diversity can also be an issue because it might be difficult to choose the proper one if you want to present high-quality work.

In this post, we provide a list of intriguing research paper topics for engineering students that are both simple to investigate and enjoyable to write about.

But before suggesting you some good engineering research topics we want to teach you how to choose engineering topics for your research paper.

The following procedures and advice will assist you in selecting the appropriate option from the list of options:

  • If there isn't a list of suggested subjects, brainstorm ideas to come up with engaging engineering research topics that are pertinent to both your project and the industry as a whole.  
  • Select a topic that you are familiar with because engineering topics can get very difficult; moreover, ensure that the topic you select is one that you can understand.  
  • Ensure there are enough resources available on the topics; while writing an essay on a specialized subject can produce intriguing content, it can become too difficult if there aren't good information sources available.  
  • Be open-minded while making your choice; instead of limiting yourself to topics you are familiar with, consider what will make your essay compelling and leave an impression on the grader.

The application of scientific principles is a  direct concern of engineering . Because of this, this field has several unique  characteristics that you cannot find elsewhere.

These are the engineering subjects that touch on them:

  • Engineering education issues and suggestions for improvement
  • The idea of engineering optimization
  • Engineering, quality assurance
  • Engineering measurement and data analysis specifics
  • Utilizing optical techniques for engineering analysis
  • Corrosion's impact on engineering
  • Nanotechnology applications in contemporary engineering
  • Value engineering and analysis
  • AI and machine learning applications in engineering
  • Engineering modeling techniques
  • Engineering and upkeep
  • Micromanufacturing and engineering
  • Engineering advancements in Western culture
  • Technical economy
  • Engineering's theoretical underpinnings and their connection to science
  • Engineering material specifics
  • The design and administration of complex systems
  • Reliability's significance in engineering
  • Complex nuclear engineering issues
  • The function of statistics and probability in engineering
  • Trends in the creation of agricultural technology equipment.
  • Technology in the food sector conserves energy and resources.
  • Innovations in the food business that produces little or no waste.
  • Food industry engineering in small businesses.
  • The modern technosphere's high level of complexity and its extensive integration into societal life.
  • Apparatus for heating up food bulk.
  • Hardware for filling and presenting finished goods.
  • Automation and mechanization of technological procedures in the food sector.
  • Food industry construction products.
  • Food industry production lines.
  • Approaches to systems engineering.
  • Theories for making an engineering-related career decision.
  • Professional analysis of an engineer's education and activity.
  • Professional competency is formed and developed during training.
  • An engineer's design and engineering tasks.
  • Engineering organization and management tasks.
  • Engineering production and technological activities.
  • Engineers and inventors from the United States and Europe (in the field of food production).
  • Types of programs for engineering education.
  • American and international engineering training systems integration

Top 8 Engineering Branches and Research Topics

  • Engineering ethics-related research paper topics
  • Genetic engineering research paper topics
  • Biomedical engineering research paper topics
  • Electrical engineering research paper topics
  • Security engineering research paper topics
  • Software engineering research paper topics
  • Mechanical engineering research paper topics
  • Civil engineering research paper topics

20 Best Engineering Ethics-related Research Paper Topics

  • A set of moral guidelines that engineers use in their work.
  • How might a moral engineer benefit society more?
  • What moral ideals ought to guide engineering practice and research?
  • What moral considerations ought every engineer to make before beginning their professional development?
  • The conception of a product in accordance with all moral principles.
  • Problems with ethics in the test and design areas.
  • Ethical problems with goods and services. How can they be fixed?
  • Moral dilemmas in leadership and collaboration.
  • Obeying the law and ethical principles.
  • What are the most crucial moral principles for engineers?
  • How can an engineer maintain morality?
  • Phases of a personality's growth professionally in engineering.
  • Engineering ethics: What is it?
  • How may engineering ethics be followed?
  • The primary functions of engineering psychology and ergonomics.
  • Why is a strong work ethic necessary in an organization?
  • How does a strong work ethic help a company avoid many issues?
  • Humanitarian knowledge's integration into engineering methods.
  • How may human knowledge be related in many ways to technical thinking?
  • The fundamentals of engineering ethics.

20 Best Genetic Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Genetic engineering and morality
  • Genetic engineering's significance in modern agriculture
  • Using genetic engineering to increase the production of biofuel
  • One of the key tools for genetic engineering is CRISPR-Cas.
  • Manufacture of antibiotics with genetic engineering
  • The global politics of genetic engineering
  • Genetic engineering: Myths and actual risks
  • Genetic modification and organic food production
  • Possibilities of combining conventional breeding with genetic engineering
  • Utilizing genetic engineering to combat pollution
  • Gene therapy in genetic engineering.
  • How much of our genetic makeup is under our control, and when do we stop being human?
  • What are the benefits of genetically modified organisms?
  • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of genetic testing.
  • What are epigenetics and its value?
  • How to label food with genetically modified organisms?
  • Use of genetically modified organisms in future farming.
  • How can we involve nursing in genomics?
  • Explain the genetic characteristics in humans having different traits like homosexuality.
  • Food safety and guidelines for using genetically modified food products.

Top 20 Interesting Biomedical Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Research On Blood Resistivity-Based Blood Glucose Measurement
  • Using Finite Element Analysis, A Hybrid Artificial Hip Joint Was Designed.
  • Design Of A Clinical Engineering Department's Management Program With a Real-Time Planning System for Recognizing Heart Sounds
  • Design of a Programmed Oxygen Delivery System Improvement: Adaptive Techniques for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks By looking for a suitable activation function short message technique in health level 7, U-Net for MRI brain tumor segmentation (HL7)
  • A Study of the Optical and Thermal Effects of Gold Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Noise Reduction Image
  • Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Using Statistical Techniques
  • Reflexology for the Early Detection of Stomach Pain
  • Central Medical Waste Treatment Facility Developing an Internet-Based Tele-Pediatric System
  • Conducting polymers are used in biomedical engineering.
  • The greatest successes in contemporary biomedical engineering
  • IoT applications for biomedical engineering
  • Engineering in biomedicine and 3D printing
  • Carbon-based nanomaterials' significance for biomedical engineering
  • Tactile sensing techniques and technologies
  • Techniques for repairing damaged nerves with biomedical engineering
  • Biomedical engineering uses X-rays, terahertz imaging, and spectrography for medical imaging.
  • Potential of biological materials in biomedical engineering
  • Piezoelectricity in systems for biomedical engineering
  • Breast cancer can be detected by using artificial neural networks.
  • Medical waste treatment equipment.

Best 30 Electrical Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Can general relativity affect the techniques used in electrical engineering?
  • Electrical engineering and computer science integration
  • Methods for electronic control in mechanical engineering
  • Electrical engineering ideas of energy and information
  • Engineering in electrical nonlinear optimization
  • Dielectric materials that work best for electrical engineering
  • Electrical engineering's differential progression
  • Electrical circuits and quantum electrodynamics
  • Optimization's advantages in electrical engineering
  • Electrical engineering uses polymers and nanoparticles
  • High-speed, high-power PM machines.
  • Active voltage equalization using li-ion and supercapacitor cells connected in series.
  • Direct drive in-wheel motor design choice.
  • Inertia Motors.
  • Nanoelectronics.
  • Interaction engineering at the atomic level.
  • Using silicon carbide, graphene, and photovoltaics.
  • Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity.
  • Analyzing behavior using computer modeling.
  • Computational research on novel materials and technologies.
  • Powerful electronic devices and tools.
  • Motors for electric vehicles and their redesign.
  • Networks of energy and the mathematics supporting them.
  • Engineering for electrical systems using computers.
  • Monitoring for smart grids.
  • Composites made of soft magnets.
  • Gearboxes and motors for electric vehicles.
  • Loss detection of grid events in distributed generating systems using pattern recognition
  • Autonomous power system difficulties
  • Hybrid electric aerospace.

Top 30 Security Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Patterns used in security engineering
  • Cloud security engineering specifics
  • Security design for distributed or complicated systems
  • Engineering for privacy and security
  • Security requirements analysis's significance
  • Engineering security in the automobile sector
  • Modeling and testing for security analysis
  • A financial viewpoint on security engineering
  • Flexible security measures
  • Using attack graph models to improve network security
  • the development of ransomware in the field of cybersecurity.
  • Digital device denial-of-service attacks.
  • the foundation of the global cybersecurity strategy.
  • Network intrusion detection and remedies.
  • How should the government deal with cybersecurity?
  • A firewall's function in securing networks.
  • the most typical closed weaknesses.
  • After a data breach, what to do?
  • Widespread spectrum sharing for communications in public safety.
  • Digital security and downloaded materials
  • How to efficiently use the Internet.
  • Modern virus encryption technology.
  • Investigating the importance of algorithm encryption.
  • What is digital piracy?
  • How to navigate the efficiency of the internet?
  • Where do the vulnerabilities come from in a wireless mobile data exchange?
  • Describe the evolution of Android malware.
  • How to detect mobile phone hacking?
  • Privacy and security issues come in chatbots.
  • Cybersecurity and malware connection.

20 Interesting Software Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Software engineering economics
  • Experimental software engineering techniques
  • There are significant disparities between software engineering theory and practice.
  • Software engineering role models
  • Software engineering for industry
  • Testing's significance in software engineering
  • Collaborating when developing software
  • Security through software engineering
  • Problems with embedded software engineering
  • Managerial techniques in software engineering
  • Describe the distribution of anti-virus software.
  • Suggest some software tools for qualitative research.
  • Software development by data scientists.
  • What is an agile software development process?
  • The Capabilities of Compiere Software and How Well It Fits Into Different Industries.
  • WBS completion and software project management.
  • International Software Development's Ethical Challenges: User-Useful Software
  • People with visual impairments face difficulties using assistive application software.
  • Getting to the Ideal Process. Application Development
  • Development of Software with IPR Violations.

Top 25 Mechanical Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Nonlinear oscillations and mechanical engineering
  • Mechanical engineering education through gaming Techniques for dependable and sustainable design
  • How can the design development cycle for mechanical engineering designs be shortened?
  • appropriate material selection's significance in mechanical engineering
  • Mechanical engineering's use of mechatronics and microcontrollers
  • German mechanical engineering is a benchmark worldwide
  • Modern mechanical engineering techniques for modeling and prototyping
  • System design using numerical calculation techniques
  • What effects has the growth of mechanical engineering had on Western culture?
  •  Machine learning approaches for quality assurance in a manufacturing setting
  • Using a variable speed drive with supervisory control and data acquisition to control an induction motor.
  • Biomechanics.
  • Energy and combustion systems.
  • Fluid mechanics and aerodynamics.
  • Fluid-structure interactions, acoustic, and vibrations.
  • Food industry category for quality.
  • Food industry physical and mechanical procedures.
  • The food sector uses thermal procedures.
  • Food industry physical and chemical processes.
  • Processes of mass transfer in the food business.
  • Food industry biochemical and microbiological processes.
  • the significance of technological chemical regulation in the food sector.
  • Process engineers and mechanical engineers have different jobs in the food industry.
  • Tools for preparing raw materials for the main technical procedures.
  • Equipment for processing food bulk mechanically.

Best 20 Civil Engineering Research Paper Topics

  • Civil engineering's effect on how we live our daily lives
  • Neural networks' use in civil engineering
  • Engineering and vegetation
  • Techniques for inspecting civil engineering components
  • various composite materials' micromechanics in civil engineering
  • Uncertainty's relevance in civil engineering modeling
  • IR thermography's application to civil engineering
  • In civil engineering, cutting-edge materials and adhesives are employed.
  • Risk assessment's significance in civil engineering
  • Sustainability and civil engineering
  • Techniques for enhancing plants' ability to withstand water stress.
  • The most pressing issues in civil engineering and solutions.
  • Building quality is in jeopardy due to a lack of certified professionals.
  • Economics in transportation engineering is significant.
  • Protection at building sites.
  • Modern developments in civil engineering.
  • How can the entropy theory be applied in real life?
  • How can I discover a suitable job offer and how much is civil engineering worth?
  • How can issues in seismically active areas be resolved?
  • What opportunities does civil engineering have?

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Biomedical Engineering Research Topics

Research Area/ Research Interest: Biomedical Engineering

Research Paper Topics for Masters and Ph.D. Thesis and publication

  • Applications of nanogenerators for biomedical engineering and healthcare systems
  •  Biomaterials: antimicrobial surfaces in biomedical engineering and healthcare
  • Biomedical Engineering of Two-Dimensional MXenes
  • Machine Learning for Shape Memory Graphene Nanoribbons and Applications in Biomedical Engineering
  • Self-doped conducting polymers in biomedical engineering: Synthesis, characterization, current applications and perspectives
  • Biomedical Engineering Advancements after Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS): A Narrative Review
  • A life in biomaterials and biomedical engineering research: a tribute to professor Nobuo Nakabayashi
  • Application of Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology in Biomedical Engineering
  •  … and Biomedical Engineering–Current Trends and Challenges: Proceedings of the 22nd Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering …
  •  The Open Biomedical Engineering
  •  The Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Biomedical Engineering: Present Scenario and Challenges
  •  Relevant Current Applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in Biomedical Engineering
  • Highly Cited Publications in WoS, Biomedical Engineering in Science Citation Index Expanded: A Bibliometric Analysis
  • Magneto‐/electro‐responsive polymers toward manufacturing, characterization, and biomedical/soft robotic applications
  • Featuring work from the Advanced in vitro Human Models Research Lab of Professor Ben Maoz laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sagol School …
  • Development of a technology for the production of 3D printing composites with a carbon functional phase for use in biomedical engineering as a material for cellular …
  • Introduction to biomedical instrumentation
  • Characterization of B1+ field variation in brain at 3 T using 385 healthy individuals across the lifespan
  • Recent developments in nonferrous metals and related materials for biomedical applications in China: a review
  • A Laser Technology for Producing Conductive Film and Bulk Composites Based on Calcium Phosphate and Carbon Nanotubes for Bone Tissue Engineering
  • Nanostructured materials for biomedical applications
  • Identification of polo‐like kinase 1 as a therapeutic target in murine lupus
  • Biomimetic Metallic Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications, Catalysis, and Beyond
  • Development of an elastomeric resin for digital light processing printing
  • The preparation and study on properties of calcium sulfate bone cement combined tuning silk fibroin nanofibers and vancomycin‐loaded silk fibroin microspheres
  • Characterization of whole‐brain task‐modulated functional connectivity in response to nociceptive pain: A multisensory comparison study
  • Opportunities and challenges in cardiac tissue engineering from an analysis of two decades of advances
  • Smart piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review
  • Modern Engineering
  • To” talk softly or to not talk at all,” that is the question: Using Participatory Tools to Engage Women in a Biomedical Informatics Department
  •  Biomedical microdevices: the next phase of highlighting scientific discoveries in the field of micro-nanotechnologies for medicine
  • Polyhydroxyalkanoates and their advances for biomedical applications
  • Design of deep ensemble classifier with fuzzy decision method for biomedical image classification
  •  The Emerging Role of the Internet of Things (Iot) in the Biomedical Industry
  • Amplification of anticancer efficacy by co-delivery of doxorubicin and lonidamine with extracellular vesicles
  •  Textile-embedded cell-free biosensors
  •  Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers: Current research and applications in biomedical application
  • Inhibition of RUNX1 blocks the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts
  • Classification of sEMG biomedical signals for upper-limb rehabilitation using the random forest method
  • Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy
  • Concealed information recognition with the fusion of physiological communication network of facial areas and psychological analysis
  • Nanocelluloses for tissue engineering and biomedical scaffolds
  • Association of regional wall shear stress and progressive ascending aorta dilation in bicuspid aortic valve
  • Generalized low‐rank nonrigid motion‐corrected reconstruction for MR fingerprinting
  •  Application of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Biomedical Peregrination and Smart Healthcare
  • Biomimetic mineralization: An emerging organism engineering strategy for biomedical applications
  • Early detection of increased marrow adiposity with age in rats using Z‐spectral MRI at ultra‐high field (7 T)
  • Mild Chronic Colitis Triggers Parkinsonism in LRRK2 Mutant Mice Through Activating TNF‐α Pathway
  • Chemomechanically antifibrotic stromal cells
  • Biomechanical Properties of the Glutaraldehyde-stabilized Jugular Vein
  • A novel substrate based on electrospun polyurethane nanofibers and electrosprayed polyvinyl alcohol microparticles for recombinant human erythropoietin delivery
  •  2021 Athanasiou Student and Post-Doc Awards
  • Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials beyond Graphene for Biomedical Applications
  • A Model for Recognizing Structureless Hyperpigmented Areas in Dermato-Oncology
  •  … with bacterial, fungal and viral infections: Can hyaluronic acid be used as an antimicrobial polymer for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications?
  • Quantitative effects of off‐resonance related distortion on brain mechanical property estimation with magnetic resonance elastography
  • A novel secure artificial bee colony with advanced encryption standard technique for biomedical signal processing
  • Electrospun Polysaccharides for Periodontal Tissue Engineering: A Review of Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
  • Privacy-preserving collaborative machine learning in biomedical applications
  • Introduction to Biomedical Signals and Their Applications
  • HoPhage: an ab initio tool for identifying hosts of phage fragments from metaviromes
  • Effects of Raloxifene and tibial loading on bone mass and mechanics in male and female mice
  • Measurement of Intraocular Pressure with a Dynamic Tonometer and Presentation of Measurement Results.
  • Bioceramics for Biomedical Applications
  • Boric acid transport activity of human aquaporins expressed in Xenopus oocytes
  • Biomedical Waste Management Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights of Its Impacts and Strategies for Its Mitigation
  • A protocol for single‐source dual‐pulse stimulated emission depletion setup with Bessel modulation
  • An Automated Method for Blood Type Determination by Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay
  • A Method for Determining Characteristic Parameters of DNA Melting in Nucleic Acid Analyzers
  • In Vitro Flow Chamber Design for the Study of Endothelial Cell (Patho) Physiology
  • Analysis of the Technical Characteristics of X-Ray Therapy Systems and the Potential for Their Further Improvement
  • The Unique Magnetic Signature of Sickle Red Blood Cells: A Comparison Between the Red Blood Cells of Transfused and Non-Transfused Sickle Cell Disease …
  • Robotic Systems in Surgery
  • Design and Construction of Fluorescent Cellulose Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
  • Representation of functional connectivity of brain regions from EEG signals for investigating the discrimination in temporal patterns of visual events
  • Trends in terahertz biomedical applications
  • Recent advancements in conducting polymer bionanocomposites and hydrogels for biomedical applications
  • Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of Periaqueductal Gray for Analgesia
  • Smart Film Actuators for Biomedical Applications
  •  The interplay of fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, and inflammation in scar formation
  • Rapid calculation of static magnetic field perturbation generated by magnetized objects in arbitrary orientations
  • Electrochemical and biological behaviour of near β Titanium alloy for biomedical implant applications
  • Classification model on big data in medical diagnosis based on semi-supervised learning
  • Augmented lipid-nanoparticle-mediated in vivo genome editing in the lungs and spleen by disrupting Cas9 activity in the liver
  • Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker
  • Low-cost gastrointestinal manometry via silicone–liquid-metal pressure transducers resembling a quipu
  • Implantable electrical stimulation at dorsal root ganglions accelerates osteoporotic fracture healing via calcitonin gene‐related peptide
  • Borophene as an emerging 2D flatland for biomedical applications: current challenges and future prospects
  • MEMS Technology for Early Stage Diesis Detection Using Micro-Cantilever Structure in Support of Biomedical Applications
  • Automated Biomedical Signal Quality Assessment of Electromyograms: Current Challenges and Future Prospects
  • Detection of ovarian cancer via the spectral fingerprinting of quantum-defect-modified carbon nanotubes in serum by machine learning
  • A lightweight model for human activity recognition based on two-level classifier and compact CNN model
  • Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications
  •  Systematic Application of Extreme-User Experiences: Impact on the Outcomes of an Undergraduate Medical Device Design Module
  • Detection of Intramyocardial Iron in Patients Following ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Using Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  •  Fast and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suboptimal protospacer adjacent motifs for Cas12a
  • General characteristics, biomedical and dental application, and usage of chitosan in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: a narrative review
  •  Cognitive factors associated with public acceptance of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical prevention measures: cross-sectional study
  • The whole prefrontal cortex is premotor cortex
  •  Psychological status and physical performance are independently associated with autonomic function
  • Double‐network polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel with self‐healing and low friction
  • Reduction of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mitochondrial replacement therapy by inducing forced mitophagy
  • Author Correction: Targeted tumour theranostics in mice via carbon quantum dots structurally mimicking large amino acids
  •  Aggregation-induced emission shining in the biomedical field: From Bench to Bedside
  •  Rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection of ions, biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unamplified samples
  • Chemical Exposure-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Head-Regenerating Schmidtea mediterranea
  • Frontal-occipital network alterations while viewing 2D & 3D movies: a source-level EEG and graph theory approach
  • Two-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer Model for High-Temperature Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy
  • Light‐field fundus imaging under astigmatism–An eye model study
  • Physiological closed-loop control in critical care: Opportunities for innovations
  • Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity
  • Contact‐Free Remote Manipulation of Hydrogel Properties Using Light‐Triggerable Nanoparticles: A Materials Science Perspective for Biomedical Applications
  •  Micro-engineered architected metamaterials for cell and tissue engineering
  • Recent advancement of decellularization extracellular matrix for tissue engineering and biomedical application
  • Perfusion MRI in automatic classification of multiple sclerosis lesion subtypes
  •  CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers
  • Biomedical applications of magnetic levitation
  • Feasibility of Using Saliva Samples and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Dental Screening During Pandemic
  • Engineering Aspects of Incidence, Prevalence, and Management of Osteoarthritis: A Review
  • Supramolecular nanotherapeutics enable metabolic reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages to inhibit tumor growth
  •  An Expert System for Predicting and Diagnosing Occupational Diseases of Electric Power Industry Workers
  • Enhanced antibacterial properties on superhydrophobic micro‐nano structured titanium surface
  • Rapid Manufacturing of Biomedical Devices: Process Alternatives, Selection and Planning
  • A fully integrated SNP genotyping system for hereditary hearing-loss detection
  •  In vivo lensless microscopy via a phase mask generating diffraction patterns with high-contrast contours
  • Visibly Clear Radiative Cooling Metamaterials for Enhanced Thermal Management in Solar Cells and Windows
  • Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels: Fabrication and biomedical applications
  • Hybrid machine learning to localize atrial flutter substrates using the surface 12-lead electrocardiogram
  • Surface engineering of additively manufactured titanium alloys for enhanced clinical performance of biomedical implants: A review of recent developments
  •  Emergence of microfluidics for next generation biomedical devices
  • Modeling attachment and compressive loading of locking and non-locking plate fixation: a finite element investigation of a supracondylar femur fracture model
  • Monitoring the effectiveness of personalized metabolic correction in athletes using biocrystallomics techniques
  •  Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Technologies
  • Impacts of compacting methods on the delivery of erythromycin and vancomycin from calcium polyphosphate hydrogel matrices
  • Analysis and data-based modeling of the photochemical reaction dynamics of the induced singlet oxygen in light therapies
  •  Introduction to Modeling and Numerical Methods for Biomedical and Chemical Engineers
  • Spectroscopy‐based multi‐parametric quantification in subjects with liver iron overload at 1.5 T and 3T
  •  Bending and torsional rigidities of defected femur bone using finite element method
  • Histopathological Validation of Dark‐Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI Without Additional Magnetization Preparation
  • Discovery of potential competitive inhibitors against With-No-Lysine kinase 1 for treating hypertension by virtual screening, inverse pharmacophore-based lead …
  • Rapid MR relaxometry using deep learning: An overview of current techniques and emerging trends
  • The lysosomal trafficking regulator is necessary for normal wound healing
  • Production of human spinal-cord organoids recapitulating neural-tube morphogenesis
  • Proposal of a New Socially Assistive Robot with Embedded Serious Games for Therapy with Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome
  •  Machine learning classification of multiple sclerosis patients based on raw data from an instrumented walkway
  • Wave-based optical coherence elastography: the 10-year perspective
  • Low-intensity ultrasound promotes uterine involution after cesarean section: the first multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial
  • Comparison Among Microvolt T-wave Alternans Detection Methods and the Effect of T-wave Delimitation Approaches
  •  The CD6/ALCAM pathway promotes lupus nephritis via T cell–mediated responses
  • Fundamentals, Biomedical Applications and Future Potential of Micro-scale Cavitation-A Review
  • Are outcomes in congenital cardiac surgery better than ever?
  • External Dynamic InTerference Estimation and Removal (EDITER) for low field MRI
  • Performance comparison of high-speed photoacoustic microscopy: opto-ultrasound combiner versus ring-shaped ultrasound transducer
  • Mining for encrypted peptide antibiotics in the human proteome
  • Characterization of a Plasma Jet Flow Using Emission Spectroscopy and Laser-Induced Breakdown Velocimetry
  • UV Equipament for Food Safety
  • Life-Sustaining Equipment: A Demographic Geospace Analysis in National Territory
  • Micromachined Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications
  •  In Vivo Sublayer Analysis Of Human Retinal Inner Plexiform Layer Obtained By Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography
  • Incorporating nanocrystalline cellulose into a multifunctional hydrogel for heart valve tissue engineering applications
  •  Single-cell sequencing reveals lineage-specific dynamic genetic regulation of gene expression during human cardiomyocyte differentiation
  • Change in Lumbar Muscle Size and Composition on MRI with Long-Duration Spaceflight
  • Hemodynamic response to thermal stress varies with sex and age: a murine MRI study
  • Biodegradable polymer blends and composites for biomedical applications
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with low dose bone morphogenetic protein 2 enhances scaffold‐based spinal fusion in a porcine model
  • B1‐gradient–based MRI using frequency‐modulated Rabi‐encoded echoes
  • Study of sacrificial ink-assisted embedded printing for 3D perfusable channel creation for biomedical applications
  • Fractional dynamics and stability analysis of COVID-19 pandemic model under the harmonic mean type incidence rate
  •  Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Cutting-edge platforms for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications
  • Sparse Arrays Method with Generalized Sidelobe Canceler Beamformer for Improved Contrast and Resolution in Ultrasound Ultrafast Imaging
  • Statistical learning in patients in the minimally conscious state
  • Optimization and Comparison of Typical Elastic Actuators in Powered Ankle-foot Prosthesis
  • The kappa opioid receptor and the sleep of reason: Cortico-subcortical imbalance following salvinorin-A
  •  Sex-specific difference of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 in South Korea
  • The Use of Tranexamic Acid for Elective Resection of Intracranial Neoplasms: A Systematic Review
  • Comparison of Kinematic Data Obtained by Inertial Sensors and Video Analysis
  • Fractal fractional based transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic model
  • Centre of Pressure Displacements in Transtibial Amputees
  • Biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota synergizes with PD-1 blockade in mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma
  • The Long-Term Residual Effects of Low-Magnitude Mechanical Stimulation on Murine Femoral Mechanics
  • Rapid simultaneous acquisition of macromolecular tissue volume, susceptibility, and relaxometry maps
  • Patterns and Reduced-Order Reconstruction of Impinging Wiping Jet Pressure Profile Fluctuation Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
  • A Preliminary Assessment of Neuro-Salutogenic Landscape Stimuli in Neighbourhood Parks: Theory-Based Model for Stress Mitigation
  • Simulated Analysis Ti-6Al-4V Plate and Screw as Transverse Diaphyseal Fracture Implant for Ulna Bone
  • Perspectives on EMG-Controlled Prosthetic Robotic Hands: Trends and Challenges
  • Biomembrane‐Functionalized Micromotors: Biocompatible Active Devices for Diverse Biomedical Applications
  • Micromolar Metabolite Measurement in an Electronically Multiplexed Format
  • Importance of Sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 Genome Using the Nanopore Technique to Understand Its Origin, Evolution and Development of Possible Cures
  • Study of a Sonothrombolysis Equipment Based on Phased Ultrasound Technique
  • Occupational Dose in Pediatric Barium Meal Examinations
  • Analysis of Seat-to-Hand Vibration Transmissibility in Seated Smartphone Users
  • Use of Ultrasound in the Emergency and Initial Growth of Ducke (Fabaceae)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor attenuates intracranial aneurysm formation by modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle …
  •  Leveraging machine learning to understand how emotions influence equity related education: Quasi-experimental study
  • Project of a Low-Cost Mobile Weight Part Suspension System
  • Pulmonary Artery 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake by PET/CMR as a Marker of Pulmonary Hypertension in Sarcoidosis
  • Lower Limb Frequency Response Function on Standard Maximum Vertical Jump
  • Using Artificial Neural Network for System Education Eye Disease Recognition Web-Based
  • Machine learning guided prediction of mechanical properties of TPMS structures based on finite element simulation for biomedical titanium
  • Development of Ti–Zr alloys by powder metallurgy for biomedical applications
  • A Computer-Aided Diagnoses Program for Leukemia Detection Using Blood Samples
  • Acoustofluidic micromixers: From rational design to lab-on-a-chip applications
  • High-speed light-sheet microscopy for the in-situ acquisition of volumetric histological images of living tissue
  • Comparative Study of Rheological Models for Pulsatile Blood Flow in Realistic Aortic Arch Aneurysm Geometry by Numerical Computer Simulation
  • Engineering autobioluminescent eukaryotic cells as tools for environmental and biomedical surveillance
  • MOEMS-Enabled Miniaturized Biomedical Sensing and Imaging System
  • Challenges and recent trends with the development of hydrogel fiber for biomedical applications
  • Electromyography Classification Techniques Analysis for Upper Limb Prostheses Control
  • Graphene Oxide‐Based Nanocomposite and Their Biomedical Applications
  • Multimodal Instrumentations as Fatigue Detection Using Fuzzy Logic Method
  •  Modeling years of life lost due to COVID-19, socioeconomic status, and nonpharmaceutical interventions: development of a prediction model
  • Blood Divider for Simple, Surface Tension‐Based Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
  • Simulation study on the effect of resistance exercise on the hydrodynamic microenvironment of osteocytes in microgravity
  • Capsule network assisted electrocardiogram classification model for smart healthcare
  • Development of a Low-Cost Software to Obtain Quantitative Parameters in the Open Field Test for Application in Neuroscience Research
  • A scoping review on the biomedical applications of polymeric particles
  • Pupillometric System for Cognitive Load Estimation in Noisy-Speech Intelligibility Psychoacoustic Experiments: Preliminary Results
  • Robust Regression and Optimal Transport Methods to Predict Gastrointestinal Disease Etiology from High Resolution EGG and Symptom Severity
  • Ferroptosis induces membrane blebbing in placental trophoblasts
  • Enhancing the tropism of bacteria via genetically programmed biosensors
  • Computational Study of In-Vivo CT-Based FEM Application in Bone Tissue Engineering
  • Oncometabolite Fingerprinting Using Fluorescent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
  • The Effect of Physical Non-operative Modalities on Pain in Osteoarthritis of the Knee
  • Piezoelectric Heart Monitor
  • Developing commotio cordis injury metrics for baseball safety: Unravelling the connection between chest force and rib deformation to left ventricle strain and pressure
  •  Development of computational models for microtesla-level magnetic brain scanning: a novel avenue for device development
  • Fusion of Deep Features for Classification of Breast Cancer Using Multi-Deep CNNs
  • Application of Shape Factor to Mechanical Behavior of Thermal Interface Pads and Putties
  • Development of Prosthesis and Evaluation of the Use in Short Term in a Left Pelvic Limb in a Dog
  • Surface Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study of Merbok River, Kuala Muda, Kedah
  •  The association of shared care networks with 30-day heart failure excessive hospital readmissions: longitudinal observational study
  • Near Field Radar System Modeling for Microwave Imaging and Breast Cancer Detection Applications
  • Phase Resetting in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Subserves Childhood Attention and Is Impaired by Epilepsy
  • Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion‐resolved free‐running 5D flow MRI
  • Mechanisms of shoulder injury in wheelchair users
  • A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit
  •  Polyhydroxyalkanoates in tissue repair and regeneration
  •  Solution of Fractional Order Differential Equation Problems by Triangular Functions for Biomedical Applications
  • Intracranial Pressure–Derived Cerebrovascular Reactivity Indices, Chronological Age, and Biological Sex in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
  •  A Web-and Mobile-Based Intervention for Women Treated for Breast Cancer to Manage Chronic Pain and Symptoms Related to Lymphedema: Results of a …
  •  An Open-Source Privacy-Preserving Large-Scale Mobile Framework for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring and Intervention Planning With an Urban African …
  • Therapeutic approach to targeting cancer via interaction of small molecules with G-quadruplex structure
  •  New directions for optical breast imaging and sensing: multimodal cancer imaging and lactation research
  • Membrane filtration of dextran solutions with water and formamide as solvent
  • Half‐beam volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in adjuvant radiotherapy for gynecological cancers
  • Towards patient-specific optimization of neoadjuvant treatment protocols for breast cancer based on image-guided fluid dynamics
  • A Few-Shot Learning Approach Assists in the Prognosis Prediction of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound for the Local Control of Bone Metastatic …
  • Recent Progress in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Materials for Biomedical Applications
  •  Has Omicron changed the evolution of the pandemic?

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  1. Biomedical Engineering Project Topics and Papers

    Research Papers/Topics in Biomedical Engineering Sweat sensors in the smart wearables era - A Review In recent years, there has been significant interest in developing wearable devices to mimic the integrated sensing of life forms, which enhances their performance and survival capabilities.

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    Biomedical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies principles and design concepts of engineering to healthcare. Biomedical engineers deal with medical devices such as imaging...

  3. 45 Biomedical Research Topics for You

    We have compiled a list of biomedical engineering topics for you. Here they are: In-the-ear device to control stuttering: the basis of its operation. How to implement the magnetic navigated catheterization. Semiconductor-cell interfaces: the rudiments of its application. The benefits of tissue engineering of muscle.

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    Parents Alumni Menu Search Hopkins BME faculty and students focus their research efforts on seven main areas. Learn more about each focus area and the work that is being conducted.

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    Introduction Biomedical engineering is a multidisciplinary field that integrates principles from engineering, physical sciences, mathematics and informatics for the study of biology and medicine, with the ultimate goal of improving human health and quality of life.

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    Research on Biomedical Engineering is an online, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to all fields of Biomedical Engineering. Editor-in-Chief Alcimar Barbosa Soares Submission to first decision (median) The Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering (opens in a new tab) View all volumes and issues Submission guidelines

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    Neuroengineering Latest BME Research News Gabe Kwong Leading $50M Study for Earlier Cancer Detection Blue Sky Award Projects Confront Parkinson's on Multiple Fronts Georgia Tech, Emory Researchers Use Artificial Intelligence to Accelerate Access to COVID-19 Treatment

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    Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology is an international, peer reviewed, open access journal that covers topics in biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, systems biology, and computational biology, in particular papers using computational methods to address complex problems in today's medicine and biology. The journal aims to provide a forum to bridge experimental research and ...

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    Macroscopic resting-state brain dynamics are best described by linear models. Linear mathematical models derived from measurements of local field potentials and of whole-brain blood-oxygen-level ...

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    930 Research Topics Submission open Advancements in Sustainable Biodiesel Production Laura Chronopoulou Nick J. Nagle Cleofe Palocci Submission open Biomaterials and Biological Regulation for Bone Tissue Remodeling and Regeneration Masashi Nagao Chen-he Zhou Jun Lu Submission open

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    Mingyan Li, Rui Zhu, Gen Li, Shengtong Yin, Lingxi Zeng, Zelin Bai, Jingbo Chen, Bin Jiang, Lihong Li and Yu Wu. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2023 22 :100. Correction Published on: 17 October 2023. The original article was published in BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2023 22 :80.

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    Section Information. This Section of Biomedicines aims to rapidly publish reviews and original peer-reviewed papers describing research on the development and application principles of biomedical engineering in human health and diseases. The main topics of the Section include but are not limited to: Tissue engineering; Neural engineering;

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    pp. 1-19 Author (s): Mohamed N Saad Keyword (s): Biomedical Engineering Download Full-text Virus-Like Particles: Revolutionary Platforms for Developing Vaccines Against Emerging Infectious Diseases Frontiers in Microbiology 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790121 2022 Vol 12 Author (s): Hasnat Tariq Sannia Batool Saaim Asif Mohammad Ali

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    2. Bioengineering and Biotechnology Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine Bioprinting of organs: possibilities and challenges Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery Biosensors in disease diagnosis Bioinformatics in drug discovery Development and application of biomaterials Bioremediation and environmental cleanup

  17. Biomedical engineering and ethics: reflections on medical devices and

    The unprecedented high number of retracted papers can be a proxy for the high number of low-quality research on COVID-19. For this reason, a rapid search for papers regarding COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, and the previous epidemic/pandemics (i.e., SARS, MERS, Swine Flu) as a comparison, was performed both on OvidSP and the Retraction Watch Database.

  18. Research Areas

    By interfacing medical problems with molecular signatures and cutting-edge hardware detection, we can engineer new systems for detection of a huge range of molecules and processes. Our research in this area includes orthopedics, microfluidics, biomedical instrumentation, photoacoustic tomography, and DNA molecular detectors. Mark Ehrensberger, PhD.

  19. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Review and Prediction Case

    The literature search was done using the Web of Science with the topic of "AI" or "ML" and the topic of biomedicine" or "biomedical." This paper reviews recent breakthroughs in the application of AI in biomedicine, covering the main areas in biomedical engineering and healthcare.

  20. Research articles

    The delivery of mRNAs into neurons at inflammatory sites in vivo can be enhanced by engineering leucocytes to produce extracellular vesicles incorporating mRNA-packaging retrovirus-like capsids.

  21. Research

    Research in the department of biomedical engineering is largely focused on six themes: cancer, cardiovascular and regenerative engineering as well as pediatrics, accessible health and biomedical engineering education. Towards impacting health outcomes, a hallmark of our research is the focus on entrepreneurship and translation to the clinic.

  22. 10 Top Trends in Bioengineering in 2020

    1. Tissue Engineering Bioengineers proved the feasibility of printing living tissue structures on a specialized 3D printer. Photo: Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Living tissue can be made from biologically active cells, which are deposited on biodegradable scaffolds in controlled conditions.

  23. 200+ Best Engineering Research Paper Topics in 2022

    Blog / 200+ Best Engineering Research Paper Topics in 2022 200+ Best Engineering Research Paper Topics in 2022 Published - 2022-10-13 Research Topics Since the dawn of humanity, there have been engineering issues and a need to solve them.

  24. Biomedical Engineering Research Topics

    Identification of polo‐like kinase 1 as a therapeutic target in murine lupus Biomimetic Metallic Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications, Catalysis, and Beyond Development of an elastomeric resin for digital light processing printing